高考重点词汇辨析.pdf
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1、专升本常见词汇辨析总结常见动词辨析:1. 击,打: hit, beat, defeat, strike 单词 含义 例句hit 打中或对准某一点打 (一次击打 ) hit sb. on the head beat 连续的敲击 The raining is beating against the widow. defeat 打败某人或集体 (强调结果 ) We defeated the enemy. strike 用木棒石头等打;打动(抽象意义) I was struck by her beauty. 2. 穿: dress, put on, wear, have on 单词 含义 例句dres
2、s dress sb.+in; be dressed in She was dressed in red. put on 穿上,强调动作 Put on your coat when you go out. wear 穿着,带着,强调状态佩戴首饰、眼镜等He seldom wears a watch. have on 强调状态,一般不用现在分词和被动语态He always has dark glasses on. 3. 适合: suit, match, fit 单词 含义 例句suit 花色、款式适合,或与气质、身材等相称This dress doesnt suit me. Have you g
3、ot another style? match 搭配合适,性质相符 The color of the shirt doesn t match that of the tie.fit fit 尺寸、大小、形状合适 The key doesn t fit the lock.4. 花费: take, spend, cost, pay 单词 含义 例句take It takes sb.+time+to do sth. 做某事需要 , 时间It took me 15 minutes to finish this job. spend Sb.spend(s) +time/money+(in) doing
4、sth. I spent 15 minutes doing this work. cost sth. cost(s) +sb.+money 某物花费了某人 , 钱This book cost me 8 dollars. pay pay sb. pay(s) +money+forsth. I paid 8 dollars for this book. 5. 参加 : attend, join, join in, take part in, enter for 单词 含义 例句attend 参加婚礼、会议、上课、听报告等 attend a meeting join =become a member
5、 of 加入某个团体或组织join the students union join in 参加某项活动 join in the discussion take part in take part in 参加群众性活动,强调在该项活动 take part insocial activities 中发挥了一定作用enter for 报名参加某项比赛或考试 enter for the race 6. 毁坏: damage/destroy/ruin 单词 含义 例句damage 价值、用途降低或外表损坏 My house was damaged in the heavy rain. destroy 彻
6、底毁坏,很难修复 The big fire destroyed the little town. ruin 逐渐毁掉,常含比喻的隐含意义 My breakfast was ruined by what you said. 7. 发现: find, find out, discover, invent 单词 含义 例句find 侧重发现的结果 He finally found his key. find out 经过研究或询问查明某事或真相 I will find out what happened. discover 偶然或经过努力发现原来存在但不为人所知的事物The scientists c
7、an discover more secrets of the universe. invent 运用智慧发明新事物 Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. 8. 改变: change, alter, vary, turn 单词 含义 例句change 翻天覆地大变化, 变得与原物完全不同 I have changed my mind. alter 局部的、外表的变化,本质不变 This dress need altering a little. vary 一系列变化, 强调种类多样, 连续变化 Customs vary with the times. t
8、urn 变成,强调变化的结果 In this cartoon fairy tale, a prince turns into a frog. 9 得到 : achieve, acquire, gain, obtain 单词 含义 例句achieve 由于努力,克服困难后达到目标 Achieve one s goalacquire 经过努力获得的知识、技术等抽象东西,或养成习惯等acquire a bad habit gain 通过竞争或战争,历尽艰幸获得有价值的东西No pains, no gains. obtain 通过乞求或长时间付出代价得到渴望的东西obtain employment 1
9、0.要求: request, require, demand 单词 含义 例句request 有礼貌的请求;正式的请求 Many people requested another song. require 要求所必需的东西;法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求All passengers are required to show their tickets. demand 主观要求,坚决或强烈要求 They are demanding higher wages. 单词 用法request request sb. to do sth. request that sb. should do s
10、th. require require sb. to do sth. require that sb. should do sth. require doing=require to be done demand demand to do sth. demand that sb. should do sth. 11.separate, divide 单词 含义 用法separate 把 , 从 , 中分离出来 (把原来是一个整体的,或靠近的东西分离出来 ) separate, from,divide 把 , 分成, (把一个整体分成若干部分) divide, into ,12. 发生 : ta
11、ke place, happen, occur, come about, break out 单词 含义 例句take place 按照安排,有计划地发生、举行 The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. happen 偶然或突发事件的发生 I happened to see a car accident. occur 发生 , 突然想到 It occurs to me that ,come about 事情已经发生 , 但不知道原因 , 多用于否定和疑问I don t know what have come about. break ou
12、t 战争、疾病、灾难等的突然爆发 A fire broke out last night while we were sleeping. 14. 建议: advise, suggest, persuade 单词 含义 用法advise 建议 ,劝告 advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth. advise that sb. (should) do sth. advise = try to persuade suggest 建议 suggest to sb. suggest doing sth. suggest that sb. (should) do sth
13、. persuade 说服 ,劝服 (强调结果 ) persuade sb. To do sth. persuade sb. into doing sth. persuade sb. out of doing sth. 15. 看: glance, glare, glimpse, stare, peer, peep, gaze, gape 单词 含义 例句glance (粗略地,随便地 ) 一瞥 She gave him a quick glance and smiled. glare 怒目而视 They glared at each other after a big fight. glim
14、pse 一瞥,看一眼 I caught a glimpse of that girl. stare 盯着 (粗鲁无礼的 ) I told him not to stare at her; it s rude.peer 费力地看 She has to peer at things because of her short sight. peep 窥视,偷看 The mother peeped into the bedroom. gaze 凝视,目不转睛地看 He gazed at his beautiful bride. gape 吃惊地看着 The children gaped at the
15、dinosaur model in the museum. 16. 宣布: declare, announce, proclaim 单词 主语 宾语 场合declare 则既可以是权力机关或政府首脑,也可以是普通个人重要的决策、举措或意见 主要用于正式场合,也可用于非正式场合announce 公众关心的, 特别是具有新闻性的事件可以用于一般场合,也可用于官方正式公告proclaim 只能是权力机关或政府首脑指意义重大的事情 正式场合17. consist of/be made up of/be composed of 单词 用法 例句consist of 无被动,无进行时 Our team c
16、onsists of five doctors and two nurses. be made up of 被动形式,无进行时 Our life is made of choices. be composed of 被动形式,无进行时 Every substance is composed of very small particles called molecules. 18. 辨析: represent/stand for/on behalf of 单词 含义 例句stand for 代表;象征。侧重于用另外的东西代表或表示What does a yellow rose stand for
17、? on behalf of 代表 (某人或某组织 );为了 , 的利益On behalf everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday. represent 指有代表性或象征性地描述或讲述This picture represents a storm at sea. 19. cross/across/over/through 单词 含义 例句cross 穿过;十字路口 Be careful when you cross the street. across 从一边到另一边, 从表面穿过;在 .对面Go across the bridge, yo
18、u will see a building. My house is across the Central Plaza. through 从内部穿过 The elephant cant go through the gate. over 从上空越过,翻越过去 climbed over the hill; jump over the desk The bird flew over the river. 20. rise, raise, arise, arouse 单词 含义 例句rise 不及物(rose, risen) 日月云雾烟热气, 物价河水温度计, 起床起立与起义皆由 rise 升上去。
19、The sun rose at seven o clock. The price is rising. Jane rose slowly from the chair. arise 不及物(arose, arisen) 多用于问题、 困难、 分歧等出现、由 .引起How did the quarel arise? Problems arose from the lack of communication. raise 及物(raised, raised) 招募、 募捐、 饲养、 养育、提高、举起用 raise Salaries have now been raised. They perfor
20、m to raise money for the poor. arouse 及物(aroused, 同 ) 唤起 (兴趣、同情心等 )、唤醒某人He fell asleep. Don t arouse him. The lecture aroused my interest. 练习:(1) He _and walked downstairs. (2) They _glasses to their friendship. (3) Steam is _from the kettle. (4) They have _up to 20,000 yuan for the Hope Project. (5
21、) When the question_, no now could solve it. 答案: (1) rose (2) raised (3) rising (4) raised (5) arose 21. refuse/deny/reject/decline 单词 含义 用法deny 否认 (某事的真实性 ) +n./ 代词 / 动名词 /that 从句拒绝给予某人想要的东西 deny sb sth. refuse 坚决地、不客气地拒绝 +n./ 代词 / 不定式reject 拒绝、驳回 (正式、语气更强 ) +n./ 代词 / 动名词decline 婉言拒绝、 谢绝 refuse pol
22、itely Eg. She refuse to help me. He denied what he had done. Don t deny yourself pleasure. 不要有乐不享。练习:(1) Are you still mad at her? Not really, but I can t _ that her remarks hurt me. A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline (2)She _my invitation because of a previous appointment. A. refused B. decline
23、d C. deny D. reject (3)The soldiers were put into prison because they_to obey orders. A. rejected B. declined C. objected D. refused 22. desire/hope/want/wish 单词 含义 例句desire 指由于愿望强烈而迫切希望、渴望I desire to see you. 我很想见到你。He desires success. 他渴望成功。hope 指希望某人有一个良好的结果, 而且这种希望是可能得到满足的I hope to be a doctor.
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