1、Module 6 The Tang Poems -Period2索材（外研版选修8）三、语法解读情态动词(一)情态动词can,may,might,must 表示“揣测”的用法1.can表示揣测、怀疑等态度,一般只用于否定句和疑问句,could 比can更不肯定。(1)对现在情况表示揣测,结构为can(could)+原形动词(状态动词),或can(could)+be+现在分词(动作动词)。例如:The news that you got cant be true.Someone is knocking at the door.Can it be Mr Green?Could this be a
2、misprint?They cant be watching TV now.How can you believe such rumors!(2)对已经发生的事情表示揣测,结构为can(could)+have+过去分词。例如：He cant have gone abroad.I saw him just now.Can these foreign visitors have been to the Forbidden City?Could they have got the news already?2.may表示揣测,一般只用于肯定句,might 比may 更不肯定。(1)对现在情况表示揣测
3、,结构为may(might)+动词原形(状态动词),或may(might)+be+现在分词(动作动词)。例如:This may be a mistake.He may know my email address.That might be the book that you have been looking for.The boys may be playing football.(2)对已经发生的事情表示揣测,结构为may/might+have+过去分词。例如：The plane may have taken off already.They might have begun to car
4、ry out the project.She might have been there before.3.must表示揣测,只用于肯定句,语气比may肯定得多。(1)对现在情况表示揣测,结构为must+动词原形(状态动词),或mustbe+现在分词(动作动词)。例如:He must be a foreigner for he doesnt understand Chinese.This must be your dictionary for your name is on the cover of it.It must be raining outside.(2)对已经发生的情况表示揣测,结
5、构为must +have+过去分词。例如:It must have rained last night.Li Bai and Du Fu have been good friends.They often wrote in honor of each other.She must have passed the driving test.She has a license now.(二)情态动词should,could,would的用法1.should(1)应该,应当(可用于各种人称)I should make a telephone call to my father this evenin
6、g.Have you considered how she should answer?You should have answered his letter sooner.(2)用在某些从句中,表示惊异、不以为然等情绪。Its strange that he should speak to you in that way.Its unfair that this should happen to me.(3)用在某些从句中使口气显得婉转,态度显得谦和(用于第一人称)。I should have asked you to give me some advice.(4)用来表示一种可能。They
7、 should be there by now,I think.(5)should (not) have done sth.,ought (not )to have done sth.用来表示“责备”,即“本应该做某事而事实上并没有做”,或者“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.2.could(1)用来比较委婉地提出请求、疑问或看法。I could come earlier,i
8、f necessary.Your plan could be practical but I will have to listen to opinions of other people.(2)用于疑问句或否定句表示“惊异、不相信等”。Oh,how could you be so careless?The magazine is not on the desk now.Who could have taken it?What could have happened to her now?(3)could have done 用来表示“本来能够做某事”或用于虚拟语气。You could hav
9、e asked him for help.3.would(1)表示委婉地请求或建议Would you look after my daughter when I am away?I would remind you that smoking is not allowed now.(2)表示过去习惯性的动作After supper the old couple would go for a walk around the lake.4.shall(1)shall 用于第二、三人称的肯定句,表示说话人的意思,有“允诺”“警告”“强制”“威胁”等意思。Tell him he shall have t
10、he book tomorrow.“Half of his money shall go to the city of Venice,” declared the judge.(2)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句,用来表示征询对方意见或请求指示。Where shall I wait for you?Manager,someone is asking for you.Shall he come in?三、语法平台观察下列句子,将其译成汉语,并指明句中的情态动词表示一种什么样的语气,或者是一种什么用法。1.The news that you got cant be true._2.He ca
11、nt have gone abroad.I saw him just now._3.This may be a mistake._4.The plane may have taken off already._5.He must be a foreigner,for he doesnt understand Chinese._6.It must have rained last night._7.You should do more English reading._8.Its strange that he should speak to you in that way._9.I shoul
12、d be pleased to give such a lecture._10.They should be there by now,I think._11.You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment._12.Could you lend me your bike?_13.Oh,how could you be so careless?_14.You could have asked him for help._15.Would you please open the window for me?_16.Af
13、ter supper the old couple would go for a walk around the lake._17.Tell him he shall have the book tomorrow._18.Where shall I wait for you?_答案：1.你得到的消息不可能是真的。对现在情况表示揣测。2.他不可能出国了。我刚才还见到他了。对已经发生的事情表示揣测。3.这可能是个错误。对现在情况表示揣测。4.飞机也许已经起飞了。对已经发生的事情表示揣测。5.他肯定是个外国人,因为他不懂汉语。对现在情况表示揣测。6.昨晚肯定下雨了。对已经发生的情况表示揣测。7.你应
14、该进行点英语阅读。应该,应当(可用于各种人称)。8.他竟然那个样子说你,真令人奇怪。用在某些从句中,表示惊异、不以为然等情绪。9.我很高兴能够作一场讲座。用在某些从句中使口气显得婉转,态度显得谦和(用于第一人称)。10.我认为他们现在应该到那边了。用于表示一种可能。11.在实验的时候,你应该更加小心一点儿。表示“责备”,即“本应该做某事而事实上并没有做”,或者“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。12.你能把你的自行车借用我一下吗？用于比较委婉地提出请求、疑问或看法。13.啊,你怎么能这样不小心呢？用于疑问句或否定句表示惊异、不相信等。14.你本来是可以向他求助的。表示“本来能够做某事”或用于虚拟语气。15.请你帮忙把窗子打开好吗？表示委婉地请求或建议。16.每天晚饭后老两口都要围着湖散散步。表示过去习惯性的动作。17.跟他说他明天就能拿到书了。用于第二、三人称的肯定句,表示说话人的意思,有“允诺；警告；强制；威胁”等意思。18.我应该在哪儿等你？用于第一、三人称的疑问句,用来表示征询对方意见或请求指示。
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