1、 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 总目录总目录 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 2/532 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷卷 论友谊
2、、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 3/532 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱人许婚的爱人
3、第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集：物理学、化学、科学论文集：物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classi
4、cs 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 4/532 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第
5、 42 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 5/532 第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典
6、讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 6/532 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 INTRODUCTION OF the life of schylus,the first of the three great masters of Greek tragedy,only a very meager outline has come down to us.He was born at Eleusis,near Athens,B.C.525,the son of Euphorion.Before he was twenty-five he
7、began to compete for the tragic prize,but did not win a victory for twelve years.He spent two periods of years in Sicily,where he died in 456,killed,it is said,by a tortoise which an eagle dropped on his head.Though a professional writer,he did his share of fighting for his country,and is reported t
8、o have taken part in the battles of Marathon,Salamis,and Plata.Of the seventy or eighty plays which he is said to have written,only seven survive:“The Persians,”dealing with the defeat of Xerxes at Salamis;“The Seven against Thebes,”part of a tetralogy on the legend of Thebes;“The Suppliants,”on the
9、 daughters of Danas;“Prometheus Bound,”part of a trilogy,of which the first part was probably“Prometheus,the Fire-Bringer,”and the last“Prometheus Unbound”;and the“Oresteia,”the only example of a complete Greek tragic trilogy which has come down to us,consisting of the“Agamemnon,”the“Chophor”(“The L
10、ibation-Bearers”),and the“Eumenides”(“The Furies”).The importance of schylus in the development of the drama is immense.Before him tragedy had consisted of the chorus and one actor;and by introducing a second actor,expanding the dramatic dialogue thus made possible,and reducing the lyrical parts,he
11、practically created Greek tragedy as we understand it.Like other writers of his time,he acted in his own plays,and trained the chorus in their dances and songs;and he did much to give impressiveness to the performances by his development of 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 7/532 the acces
12、sories of scene and costume on the stage.The Oresteian trilogy on“The House of Atreus”is one of the supreme productions of all literature.It deals with the two great themes of the retribution of crime and the inheritance of evil;and here again a parallel may be found between the assertions of the ju
13、stice of God by schylus and by the Hebrew prophet Ezekiel.Both contend against the popular idea that the fathers have eaten sour grapes and the childrens teeth are set on edge;both maintain that the soul that sinneth,it shall die.The nobility of thought and the majesty of style with which these idea
14、s are set forth give this triple drama its place at the head of the literary masterpieces of the antique world.THE HOUSE OF ATREUS BEING THE AGAMEMNON，THE LIBATION-BEARERS,AND THE FURIES OF SCHYLUSAGAMEMNON DRAMATIS PERSON A WATCHMAN CHORUS CLYTEMNESTRA A HERALD AGAMEMNON CASSANDRA GISTHUS The Scene
15、 is the Palace of Atreus at Mycen.In front of the Palace stand statues of the gods,and altars prepared for sacrifices.A Watchman I PRAY the gods to quit me of my toils,To close the watch I keep,this livelong year;For as a watch-dog lying,not at rest,Propped on one arm,upon the palace-roof Of Atreus
16、race,too long,too well I know The starry conclave of the midnight sky,Too well,the splendours of the firmament,The lords of light,whose kingly aspect shows 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 8/532 What time they set or climb the sky in turn The years divisions,bringing frost or fire.And now
17、,as ever,am I set to mark When shall stream up the glow of signal-flame,The bale-fire bright,and tell its Trojan tale Troy town is taen:such issue holds in hope She in whose womans breast beats heart of man.Thus upon mine unrestful couch I lie,Bathed with the dews of night,unvisited By dreamsah me!f
18、or in the place of sleep Stands Fear as my familiar,and repels The soft repose that would mine eyelids seal.And if at whiles,for the lost balm of sleep,I medicine my soul with melody Of trill or songanon to tears I turn,Wailing the woe that broods upon this home,Not now by honour guided as of old.Bu
19、t now at last fair fall the welcome hour That sets me free,wheneer the thick night glow With beacon-fire of hope deferred no more.All hail!A beacon-light is seen reddening the distant sky.Fire of the night,that brings my spirit day,Shedding on Argos light,and dance,and song.Greetings to fortune,hail
20、!Let my loud summons ring within the ears Of Agamemnons queen,that she anon Start from her couch and with a shrill voice cry A joyous welcome to the beacon-blaze,For Ilions fall;such fiery message gleams From yon high flame;and I,before the rest,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 9/532 Will
21、 foot the lightsome measure of our joy;For I can say,My masters dice fell fair Behold!the triple sice,the lucky flame!Now be my lot to clasp,in loyal love,The hand of him restored,who rules our home:Homebut I say no more:upon my tongue Treads hard the ox o the adage.Had it voice,The home itself migh
22、t soothliest tell its tale;I,of set will,speak words the wise may learn,To others,nought remember nor discern.Exit.The chorus of old men of Mycen enter,each leaning on a staff.During their song Clytemnestra appears in the background,kindling the altars.Chorus Ten livelong years have rolled away,Sinc
23、e the twin lords of sceptred sway,By Zeus endowed with pride of place,The doughty chiefs of Atreus race,Went forth of yore,To plead with Priam,face to face,Before the judgment-seat of War!A thousand ships from Argive land Put forth to bear the martial band,That with a spirit stern and strong Went ou
24、t to right the kingdoms wrong Pealed,as they went,the battle-song,Wild as the vultures cry;When oer the eyrie,soaring high,In wild bereavd agony,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 10/532 Around,around,in airy rings,They wheel with oarage of their wings,But not the eyas-brood behold,That cal
25、led them to the nest of old;But let Apollo from the sky,Or Pan,or Zeus,but hear the cry,The exile cry,the wail forlorn,Of birds from whom their home is torn On those who wrought the rapine fell,Heaven sends the vengeful fiends of hell.Even so doth Zeus,the jealous lord And guardian of the hearth and
26、 board,Speed Atreus sons,in vengeful ire,Gainst Parissends them forth on fire,Her to buy back,in war and blood,Whom one did wed but many wood!And many,many,by his will,The last embrace of foes shall feel,And many a knee in dust be bowed,And splintered spears on shields ring loud,Of Trojan and of Gre
27、ek,before That iron bridal-feast be oer!But as he willed tis ordered all,And woes,by heaven ordained,must fall Unsoothed by tears or spilth of wine Poured forth too late,the wrath divine Glares vengeance on the flameless shrine.And we in gray dishonoured eld,Feeble of frame,unfit were held To join t
28、he warrior array 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 11/532 That then went forth unto the fray:And here at home we tarry,fain Our feeble footsteps to sustain,Each on his staffso strength doth wane,And turns to childishness again.For while the sap of youth is green,And,yet unripened,leaps wit
29、hin,The young are weakly as the old,And each alike unmeet to hold The vantage post of war!And ah!when flower and fruit are oer,And on lifes tree the leaves are sere,Age wendeth propped its journey drear,As forceless as a child,as light And fleeting as a dream of night Lost in the garish day!But thou
30、,O child of Tyndareus,Queen Clytemnestra,speak!and say What messenger of joy today Hath won thine ear?what welcome news,That thus in sacrificial wise Een to the citys boundaries Thou biddest altar-fires arise?Each god who doth our city guard,And keeps oer Argos watch and ward From heaven above,from
31、earth below The mighty lords who rule the skies,The markets lesser deities,To each and all the altars glow,Piled for the sacrifice!百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 12/532 And here and there,anear,afar,Streams skyward many a beacon-star,Conjurd and charmd and kindled well By pure oils soft
32、 and guileless spell,Hid now no more Within the palace secret store.O queen,we pray thee,whatsoeer,Known unto thee,were well revealed,That thou wilt trust it to our ear,And bid our anxious heart be healed!That waneth now unto despair Now,waxing to a presage fair,Dawns,from the altar,Hopeto scare Fro
33、m our rent hearts the vulture Care.List!for the power is mine,to chant on high The chiefs emprise,the strength that omens gave!List!on my soul breathes yet a harmony,From realms of ageless powers,and strong to save!How brother kings,twins lords of one command,Led forth the youth of Hellas in their f
34、lower,Urged on their way,with vengeful spear and brand,By warrior-birds,that watched the parting hour.Go forth to Troy,the eagles seemed to cry And the sea-kings obeyed the sky-kings word,When on the right they soared across the sky,And one was black,one bore a white tail barred.High oer the palace
35、were they seen to soar,Then lit in sight of all,and rent and tare,Far from the fields that she should range no more,Big with her unborn brood,a mother-hare.百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 13/532 And one beheld,the soldier-prophet true,And the two chiefs,unlike of soul and will,In the twy
36、-coloured eagles straight he knew,And spake the omen forth,for good and ill.(Ah woe and well-a-day!but be the issue fair!)Go forth,he cried,and Priams town shall fall.Yet long the time shall be;and flock and herd,The peoples wealth,that roam before the wall,Shall force hew down,when Fate shall give
37、the word.But O beware!lest wrath in heaven abide,To dim the glowing battle-forge once more,And mar the mighty curb of Trojan pride,The steel of vengeance,welded as for war!For virgin Artemis bears jealous hate Against the royal house,the eagle-pair,Who rend the unborn brood,insatiate Yea,loathes the
38、ir banquet on the quivering hare.(Ah woe and well-a-day!but be the issue fair!)For well she lovesthe goddess kind and mild The tender new-born cubs of lions bold,Too weak to rangeand well the sucking child Of every beast that roams by wood and wold.So to the Lord of Heaven she prayeth still,“Nay,if
39、it must be,be the omen true!Yet do the visioned eagles presage ill;The end be well,but crossed with evil too!”Healer Apollo!be her wrath controlld,Nor weave the long delay of thwarting gales,To war against the Danaans and withhold From the free ocean-waves their eager sails!百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard C
40、lassics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 14/532 She craves,alas!to see a second life Shed forth,a curst unhallowed sacrifice Twixt wedded souls,artificer of strife,And hate that knows not fear,and fell device.At home there tarries like a lurking snake,Biding its time,a wrath unreconciled,A wily watcher,passionate to slak
41、e,In blood,resentment for a murdered child.Such was the mighty warning,pealed of yore Amid good tidings,such the word of fear,What time the fateful eagles hovered oer The kings,and Calchas read the omen clear.(In strains like his,once more,Sing woe and well-a-day!but be the issue fair!)Zeusif to The
42、 Unknown That name of many names seem good Zeus,upon Thee I call.Thro the minds every road I passed,but vain are all,Save that which names thee Zeus,the Highest One,Were it but mine to cast away the load,The weary load,that weighs my spirit down.He that was Lord of old,In full-blown pride of place a
43、nd valour bold,Hath fallen and is gone,even as an old tale told!And he that next held sway,By stronger grasp oerthrown Hath passd away!And whoso now shall bid the triumph-chant arise To Zeus,and Zeus alone,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 15/532 He shall be found the truly wise.Tis Zeus a
44、lone who shows the perfect way Of knowledge:He hath ruled,Men shall learn wisdom,by affliction schooled.In visions of the night,like dropping rain,Descend the many memories of pain Before the spirits sight:through tears and dole Comes wisdom oer the unwilling soul A boon,I wot,of all Divinity,That h
45、olds its sacred throne in strength,above the sky!And then the elder chief,at whose command The fleet of Greece was manned,Cast on the seer no word of hate,But veered before the sudden breath of Fate Ah,weary while!for,ere they put forth sail,Did every store,each minishd vessel,fail,While all the Ach
46、an host At Aulis anchored lay,Looking across to Chalcis and the coast Where refluent waters welter,rock,and sway;And rife with ill delay From northern Strymon blew the thwarting blast Mother of famine fell,That holds men wandring still Far from the haven where they fain would be!And pitiless did was
47、te Each ship and cable,rotting on the sea,And,doubling with delay each weary hour,Withered with hope deferred th Achans warlike flower.But when,for bitter storm,a deadlier relief,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 8 卷 希腊戏剧 16/532 And heavier with ill to either chief,Pleading the ire of Artemis,the s
48、eer avowed,The two Atrid smote their sceptres on the plain,And,striving hard,could not their tears restrain!And then the elder monarch spake aloud Ill lot were mine,to disobey!And ill,to smite my child,my households love and pride!To stain with virgin blood a fathers hands,and slay My daughter,by th
49、e altars side!Twixt woe and woe I dwell I dare not like a recreant fly,And leave the league of ships,and fail each true ally;For rightfully they crave,with eager fiery mind,The virgins blood,shed forth to lull the adverse wind God send the deed be well!Thus on his neck he took Fates hard compelling
50、yoke;Then,in the counter-gale of will abhorrd,accursed,To recklessness his shifting spirit veered Alas!that Frenzy,first of ills and worst,With evil craft mens souls to sin hath ever stirred!And so he steeled his heartah,well-a-day Aiding a war for one false womans sake,His child to slay,And with he
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