1、杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must
2、 have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped
3、 loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a
4、 bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to
5、criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however
6、, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London,
7、 one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for th
8、e making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones
9、are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campb
10、ell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a
11、speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. H
12、is average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The reco
13、rd-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hike
14、d to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuit
15、s and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely
16、 set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should rec
17、ognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinge
18、r and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case y
19、ou cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane fle
20、w off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turn
21、ed a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard pla
22、nes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of t
23、he plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Bra
24、bante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering a
25、nd threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the e
26、nd of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy o
27、f an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The onl
28、y way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This
29、god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one?
30、最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had a
31、ll the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper目录第一章 施工组织设计或施工方案2第1节 工程概况3第2节 主要分项工程施工方案4第二章 木化石的施工工艺18第三章 投入本招标工程的主要施工机械设备22第四章 劳动力计划26第五章 施工进度计划及进度控制措施28第六章 施工总平面布置图及用地表39施工组织设计或施工方案编制依据一、.市*植物园化石森林扩建工程招标文件。二、.市*植物园化石森林扩建工程施工图。三、.市*植物园化石森林扩建工程招标会议纪要及现场踏勘。四、参照的技术规范。（一）城市绿化工程施工及验收规范
32、（CJJ/T8299） （二）混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范（GB5020492） （三）建筑工程质量检验评定标准（GBJ30188） （四）地基与基础工程施工及验收规范（GBJ20283） （五）其他有关施工技术标准、规范和验收标准（六）古建筑修建工程质量检验评定标准（CJJ7090） （七）木结构工程施工及验收规范（GBJ20683） 第一节 工程概况第一节工程概况.市*植物园化石森林扩建工程是深圳市市委、市政府加快.旅游事业发展、切实解决梧桐山*景区核心景点旅游景点之一，.市.山*植物园的改建对提高*植物园的知名度和美誉度，优化城市环境、提高人民的生活质量，把.市建成现代化国际高科技术发展
33、与风景旅游的高素质城市有着十分重要的意义。本工程位于.市*植物园内，森林化石一期西侧坡地（具体位置见总平面图）规划建筑面积约为5000M2 ，本工程的总工期为100 日历天，工程质量要求达到国家施工验收规定合格标准。第二节 工程管理及设计单位建设单位：.市*植物园设计单位：.市建筑设研究总院监理单位：.市.建设监理公司第三节本工程的重点、难点分析根据招标文件及图纸要求，该工程的重点、难点主要表现在木化石施工过程及技术措施。木化石是非常珍贵稀有的宝石，在整个工程施工过程中，其难点、重点是木化石的吊装、运输方法；木化石堆砌及粘接木化石的方法和采用的贴接材料，在施工过程中，施工工艺应有非常完整的施工
34、计划，完整的施工技术及操作措施，并结合甲方与设计院，监理部门对该项目的实施要求，相互配合应用于现场中，对整个工程的建成才能达到一个非常完美的建筑艺术作品。对于本工程的重点、难点，详细的施工组织方案及技术措施，详见第二章主要分项工程施工方案的第二节木化石的施工技术方案。第一节 主要分项工程施工方案第一节园路铺装工程园林铺地工程主要包括为马达斯加区、印尼区、美国区、蒙古区等几部分，面层为深绿麻花岗岩、米色花岗岩、粉色花岗岩、灰色花岗岩、深灰龙眼面色花岗岩、烧面灰花岗岩及拼花花岗岩等各色花岗岩石板铺装，其中局部还包括各色卵石等铺装。垫层做法有砂、碎石垫层、C20 砼基层和砂浆等几类。园林铺装工程的好
35、坏直接关系到整个园林工程的效果。为此，我们要加强施工力量、加强施工质量监督，严格按照施工规范实施。在整个园路铺装工程中，重点设置垫层的密实度和面层的标高二个质量控制点。在此我们以花岗岩、卵石为例，对园林工程中最常用的铺装方法进行介绍，具体如下：一、施工准备（一）技术交底进行施工图交底，认真阅读施工图，对照施工技术规范及质验标准，制订相应技术措施，检查落实班组的施工准备情况，做到施工质量、进度的事前控制。然后将施工技术方案报请监理工程师审批方可施工。（二）材料准备园路铺地工程中，由于工程量大，形状变化多，需事先对铺装的园路实际尺寸进行放样，确定边角的方案及园路交接处的过渡方案，然后再确定各种花岗
36、石的数量。在进料时要把好材料的规格尺寸，机械强度和色泽一致的质量关。因为在实际施工中，往往会遇到上列问题。（三）场地放样、定标高按照园路设计图所绘的施工坐标方格网，将所有坐标点测设到场地上并打桩定点。然后以坐标桩点为准，根据广场设计图，在场地地面上放出场地的边线，主要地面设施的范围线和挖方区、填方区之间的零点线。然后定出坐标桩点标高，注意尽量采用共同基准点。（四）地形复核对照园路竖向设计图，复核场地地形。各坐标点、控制点的自然地坪标高数据，有缺漏的要在现场测量补上。二、地面施工（一）挖方与填方施工根据设计的标高进行挖填土方。填方时应当先深后浅、先分层填实深处，按施工规范每填一层就夯实一层。挖方
37、时挖出的适宜栽植的肥沃土壤，要临时堆放在路边，通知监理业主处理。（二）场地平整与找坡挖填方工程基本完成后，对挖填出的新地面进行整理。要铲平地面，使地面平整度限制在0.05 米内。根据各坐标桩标明的该点填挖高度和设计的坡度数据，对场地进行找坡，保证场地内各处地面都基本达到设计的坡度。根据场地旁存在建筑、园路、管线等因素，确定边缘地带的竖向连接方式，调整连接点的地面标高。还要确认地面排水口的位置，调整排水沟管底部标高，使广场地面与周边地平的连接更自然，排水、通道等方面的矛盾降到最低。(三)、素土夯实素土夯实是重要的质量控制工作，首先应清除腐植土，清除日后地面下陷隐患。1、基础开挖时，机械开挖应预留
38、1020cm 的余土使用人工挖掘。2、当挖掘过深时，不能用土或细石等回填。3、夯实当挖土达到设计标高后，可用打夯机进行素土夯实，达到设计要求素土夯实的密实度。当夯实过程中如果打夯机的夯头印迹基本看不出时，可用环刀法进行密实度测试。如果密实度尚未达到设计要求，应不断夯实，直到达到设计要求为止。（四）、碎石垫层1、首先要控制碎石的质量。根据肉眼观察，禁止风化碎石进场，避免树枝等有机质混入，并按设计要求控制石子颗粒大小。2、标高的控制。为保证广场和路面标高合理，控制造价，保证施工质量，控制好垫层的厚度很重要。在回填时先在场地内设置好标高控制点，并注意对控制点的保护。回填时其虚铺厚度应有所控制，以便在
39、夯实后能达到要求。3、碎石垫层的夯实。由于考虑到本工程为园路工程，路面荷载较小，同时路幅较窄，一般采用打夯机夯实，夯实前应铺摊5CM 厚的碎石，具体夯实方法同素土夯实。（五）、稳定层的浇筑必须控制厚度和强度，按施工图做好砼强度试块检测工作。1、在完成的基层上定点放线，每10m 为一点，根据设计标高，园路的边线放中间桩和边桩。并在园路整体边线处放置施工挡板。挡板的高度应在稳定层以上，但不要太高，并在挡板划好标高线。2、复核、检查和确认园路边线和各设计标高点的正确无误后，可进入下道工序。3、在浇筑混凝土稳定层前，在干燥的基层上洒一层水或1：3 砂浆。4、按设计的材料比例配制砼试块，然后浇筑、捣实混
40、凝土，并用直尺将顶面刮平，顶面调整至设计标高。施工中要注意做出路面的横坡和纵坡。5、混凝土面层施工完成后，应及时开始养护，并及时对砼基层进行伸缩缝的切割，切割时应注意与道路面层铺设尺寸的吻合，然后考虑园路和广场面层的铺装。可用湿的稻草、湿砂及塑料薄膜覆盖在路面上进行养护。（六）、混凝土浇筑1、由于本工程混凝土具有厚度较小，面积较大的特点，故可采用全面分层法进行浇筑。混凝土卸至浇筑现场后，由人工摊铺平整，用插入式振动棒沿浇筑方向排列式振捣，每个插入点振动时间为20s 左右，点距为300mm 。振捣完毕后，用长钢管碾子碾压数遍，将凸石压下，保持表面平整；接着用真空吸水机吸去混凝土中多余的水分；经过
41、2 小时左右可用专用混凝土磨浆机将表面打磨出浆，然后人工进行压光；最后用拉毛机在混凝土表面压槽，压槽深度为12mm。2、混凝土养护混凝土养护工作在其凝后进行，养护时在混凝土表面铺一层麻袋片，在养护初期（ 约3 天左右）必须保持混凝土表面湿润，以防水分蒸发太快，引起混凝土干缩裂缝，养护时间按照设计规定为14 天。（七）、花岗岩面层的铺装1、面层铺装是园路和广场铺装的又一个重要的质量控制点，必须控制好标高，结合层的密实度及铺装后的养护。2、在完成的稳定层上放样，根据设计标高和位置打好横向桩和纵向桩，纵向线每隔板块宽度1 条，横向线按施工进展向下移，移动距离为板块的长度。3、在稳定层上扫净后，洒上一
42、层水，略干后先将1：2 的干硬性水泥砂浆在稳定层上平铺上一层，厚度为2cm 厚作结合层用，铺好后抹平。4、再在上面薄薄的浇一层水泥浆，然后按设计的图案铺好，注意留缝间隙按设计要求保持一致，面层每拼好一块，就用平直的木板垫在顶面，以橡皮锤在多处振击（或垫上木板，锤击打在木板上）使所有的石板的顶面均保持在一个平面上，这样可使园路铺装十分平整。5、路面铺好后，再用干燥的水泥粉撒在路面上并扫入砌块缝隙中，使缝隙填满，最后将多余的灰砂清扫干净。以后，石板下面的水泥砂浆慢慢硬化，使板与下面稳定层紧密结合在一起。6、施工完后，应多次浇水进行养护。（八）、卵石面层施工在基础层上浇筑后34 天方可铺设面层。首先
43、打好各控制桩。其次挑选好35cm 的卵石要求质地好，色泽均匀，颗粒大小均匀。然后在基础层上铺设1：2 水泥砂浆，厚度为5cm， 接着用卵石在水泥砂浆层嵌入，要求排列美观，面层均匀高低一致（可以一块1X1m 的平板盖在卵石上轻轻敲打，以便面层平整）。面层铺好一块（手臂距离长度）用抹布轻轻擦除多余部分的水泥砂浆。待面层干燥后，应注意浇水保养。（九）草坪铺装1、场地平整因为场地的平整与否，直接关系到以后草坪的生长质量，所以这一工序尤为重要。1初步整平：先将表层垃圾拣拾干净后翻耕土地，翻耕深度不低于30cm，而后将土块打碎。对于杂项较多的土地可用10mm*10 mm 的筛网筛一遍，以确保杂物除净，而后
44、用铁耙将地整平，地土质较差的地段需局部或全部换土。换土的深度不低于30cm ，换土后灌水，使其下沉压实，再回填土，如此反复几次，直至场地平整。2建坪前除杂草及病虫害的纺织：为防止种植草坪后杂草的滋生，除整地时清除树根、草根外，可用草甘磷、百草枯等灭生性内吸传导性除草剂，每亩用75100g 进行喷洒，一般在建坪前一个月使用。为防止虫害，可在植坪前一周喷洒甲胺磷、辛硫磷等杀虫剂，以达到灭虫的效果。3植草前施肥：对整平好的场地，均匀撒施熟化的有机肥3kg/ m2、复合肥0.08kg/m2，再进行土壤翻耕，然后耙平，耙细，准备播种。2、草坪种植施工土壤整平耙细后，就可进行草坪的种植。1播种法：种子量一
45、般为810g /m2， 播种方法采用撒播与机械播种相结合。播种后，应及时覆盖土，土层厚度为0.51cm ，而后用铁滚子镇压，以保证出苗均匀。浇水工作及保持水分，可在坪床上盖草帘子，以减少浇水次数。待草苗出齐后，再将草帘揭去，注意揭帘子时须在阴天或傍晚前进行，防止太阳直射灼烧草苗。2草坪栽植法：在平整好的地面上以2030cm 为行距，开5cm 深的沟，将撕开的草块放入沟中，然后填土，踩实。为提高成活率，缩短缓苗期，移栽过程中要注意两点：一是草皮要带适量的护根土，二是尽可能缩短掘草到植草的时间，最好当天掘草当天栽，栽后要充分灌水，清除杂草，养护一个月后可成坪。第二节木化石的施工技术方案一、吊装、运
46、输木化石的安全技术措施吊装的工程构件形式、吊装所使用的机具及吊装的方式方法都趋向于多样化、复杂化。因此，吊装木化石工程的安全技术十分重要。现将不同吊装工程的安全技术要点介绍如下：一安全技术的一般规定 1、木化石吊装前应编制施工组织设计或制订施工方案，明确起重吊装安全技术要点和保证安全的技术措施。 2、参加木化石吊装的人员应经体格检查合格。在开始吊装木化石前应进行安全技术教育和安全技术交底。 3、木化石吊装工作开始前，应对起重运输和吊装木化石以及所用索具、卡环、夹具、卡具、锚碇等的规格、技术性能进行细致检查或试验，发现有损坏或松动现象，应立即调换或修好。起重设备应进行试运转，发现转动不灵活、有磨
47、损的应及时修理；重要的木化石吊装前应进行试吊，经检查各部位正常后才可进行正式吊装木化石。二防止高空坠落1吊装木化石的人员应戴好安全帽；高空作业人员应佩安全带，穿防滑鞋，带工具袋。2、吊装木化石工作区应有明显标志，并设专人警戒，与木化石吊装无关人员严禁入内。起重机工作时， 起重臂杆旋转半径范围内，严禁站人或通过。3运输、吊装木化石时，严禁在被运输、吊装的木化石上站人指挥和放置材料、工具。4 高空作业施工人员应站在操作平台或轻便梯子上工作。吊装层应设临时安全防护栏杆或采取其他安全措施。5登高用梯子、临时操作台应绑扎牢靠；梯子与地面夹角以6070为宜，操作台跳板应铺平绑扎，严禁出现挑头板。三防物体掉
48、落伤人1高空往地面运输物件时，应用绳捆好吊下。吊装木化石时，不得在木化石上悬挂零星物件。零星材料和物件必须用吊笼或钢丝绳、保险绳捆扎牢固后才能吊运和传递，不得随意抛掷材料物体、工具，防止滑脱伤人造成意外事故。2 木化石必须绑扎牢固，起吊点应通过构件的重心位置，吊升时应平稳，避免振动或摆动。3起吊构件时，速度不应太快，不得在高空停留过久，严禁猛升猛降，以防木化石脱落或撞伤。4木化石就位后临时固定前，不得松钩、解开吊装索具。木化石固定后，应检查连接牢固和稳定情况，当连接确定安全可靠，才可拆除临时固定工具和进行下步吊装。5 风大天气、霜雾天气和雨天吊装应采取必要的防滑措施，夜间作业应有充分照明。四防止起重机倾翻 1起重机行驶的临时道路必须进行挖平整理、保证坚实、可靠，停放地点必须平坦。 2 起重机不得停放在斜坡道上工作，不允许起重机两条覆带或支腿停留部位一高一低或土质一硬一软。 3 起吊木化石时，吊索要保持垂直，不得超出起重机回转半径斜向拖拉，以免超负荷和钢丝绳滑脱或拉断绳索而使起重机失稳。起吊重型木化石时应设牵拉绳。 4起重机操作时，臂杆提升、下降、回转要平稳，不
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