1、Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared in
2、vasion, it would have been completed. Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel. If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.Lesson65 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take so
3、me presents to a childrens hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman appro
4、ached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo
5、must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wi
6、mpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile.
7、While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and un
8、usual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active
9、volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photogra
10、phs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he
11、 managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he
12、saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around
13、 all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had fini
14、shed speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so
15、 successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a chil
16、d suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal har
17、d and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of
18、 the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, howe
19、ver, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for h
20、im, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If
21、 the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremel
22、y accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A pai
23、nter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville
24、Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first ru
25、n. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an ho
26、ur. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinem
27、a seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered
28、 that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre o
29、f Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus s
30、topped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic,
31、said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themsel
32、ves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh,
33、is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and
34、her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the ni
35、ght, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in t
36、he snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer,
37、we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here
38、you can see two workers who, between them,濮阳市良种猪场建设可行性研究报告 (代项目建议书) 项目名称：良种猪场建设项目性质：重组、扩建项目地点：濮阳市项目负责人：聂秋平技术负责人：聂世伟项目总投资：310万元填报时间：二零一一年三月第一章 总 论 第一节 项目提出的背景 随着人民生活水平的不断提高，优质肉猪生产迎来了全面发展的黄金时期。在中国全面向小康社会迈进的新时期，随着国民收入的不断提高，消费者对优质肉食品的需求量将会越来越大。由于我国大部分地区在整个肉食品结构中传统上以猪肉为主，国内市场上优质瘦肉型猪肉的销售是将愈益呈现更大的市场空间，目前国内
39、市场猪肉价格普遍上扬，并且一涨再涨的现象，就是这种商机初现的生动说明，这表明，长期困扰我国广大农民养猪低效，猪肉市场长期低迷的不利态势已经过去，而规模化、标准化的猪场将在未来的市场竞争中立于不败之地。根据党的第十七届中央委员会第五次全体会议精神，大力发展扶持畜牧业向规模化、标准化、科学化要效益。为落实党的十七届中央委员会第五次全体会议精神，建立良种猪场，对促使我市肉猪生产显得尤为重要和必要。第二节 项目经济及社会必要性评价 濮阳市是个传统的农业大市，有108万人口，其中富余劳动力达35万。当前，越来越多的农村富余劳动力已成为影响经济发展的一个突出问题。如何破解这一瓶颈，增加农民收入？是当前急需
40、解决的社会问题。濮阳市人民有传统的养猪习惯，养猪积极性高。但由于品种落后、生产原始，所产猪肉脂肪多、瘦肉率低、出栏率低，并且防疫工作不到位，造成生猪大批量死亡，给养猪专业户以沉重的经济损失，大大的降低了农民的养猪积极性。较小的生产规模并没有为饲养户带来应有的经济效益，因此，加快生猪品种改良，生产优质瘦肉型猪肉，适应市场需求，让农民真正做到养猪增收，解决农村富余劳动力问题，是目前濮阳市生猪产业的紧迫课题，而建立良种猪场，用以繁育大量的优质品种仔猪是我市进行生猪品种改良的关键，也是必要的前提条件。 第三节 项目经济、技术可行性分析 1、地理优势突出濮阳市位于黄河中下游，气候温和，四季分明，日照充足
41、，降水充沛。日照时数17402310小时，无霜期170220天，平均气温为27，七月份最高。距省会郑州200多公里，106国道横穿其境，且北有河北，左右为山东，下为河南腹地，为商品猪的外运和销售提供了有效的运输保障。2、饲料来源广、劳力资源丰富我市年产水稻15万多吨，以濮阳为核心，仅在100公里辐射半径内玉米种植面积近1500万亩，年产量可达600万吨；产玉米秸秆可达1600万吨，大豆3500万公斤，各种青绿饲料近300万吨，饲料资源极其丰富。濮阳市是个传统的农业大市，有108万人口，其中富余劳动力达35万。3、服务体系功能健全，群众基础牢固由于我们每年持续不断的努力，自2005年以来通过猪人
42、工授精技术已陆续改良本地品种1.5万余头次，而优良品种给当地饲养户带来的效益已使他们深知优良品种的重要性。濮阳市是传统的养猪市，养猪业历来是农村经济的主要支撑和农民家庭收入的主要来源，在农村经济结构战略性调整和农村产业结构调整中，将大力发展养猪业作为首选项目，与农民长期形成的根深蒂固的传统期望天然契合，定将获得广大农民群众的热烈欢迎和积极配合，收到事半功倍的效果。4、新式养殖具有较高起点多年来，由于各基层畜牧工作人员的长期努力，特别是市场经济大潮的冲击，广大养殖户已能普遍接受新科技观念，良种良法、市场销售、投入产出效益等观念在全市农村广大养殖户中已普遍形成。近几年，我场每年都要从外地引进部分大
43、约克、长白等瘦肉型猪种为广大养殖户做人工授精服务，约来越多的养殖户接受这观念就是一个有力的例证。而我们利用优良瘦肉型猪种和野猪、太湖猪杂交所生的后代做母本，因其抗病力强，耐粗饲，所生后代肉质鲜美得到了广大养殖户和消费者的青睐。第二章 项目产品及市场需求分析 第一节 项目产品分析 该项目的主要产品有：a、用长白猪作父本、大约克夏猪作母本，繁育的二元杂交母猪留种，公猪育肥。将选育的二元杂交种母猪以每组10头投放给农户饲养，再用良种场饲养的杜洛克猪为父本进行三元杂交。B、用长白猪/大约克夏猪做父本、太湖/野猪做母本，繁育的二元杂交母猪留种，公猪育肥。将选育的二元杂交母猪以每组10头投放给农户饲养，再
44、用良种场饲养的杜洛克/大约克夏/长白猪为父本进行三元杂交。两种杂交组合所生产的三元商品猪都具有生产周期短、饲料回报高、瘦肉率高、肉质好等优点，其中第二种杂交组合的二元母本具有抗病力强、耐粗饲、繁殖率高、母性强等优点，所生产的三元商品猪味道鲜美，深得消费者青睐。 第二节 项目产品的市场调查分析2005年以来，疑难猪病层出不穷，给广大的养殖户带来了灭顶之灾，而2006的市场疲软和高热病的爆发，更使我市乃至我国的养猪业达到了低谷，广大养殖户谈猪色变，无不伤心欲绝。而这所有的一切无不跟养殖观念、养殖规模、科学防疫相关，在当前养猪大好的行情下，广大养殖户跃跃欲试，然又怕重蹈覆辙。在此时建立一个良种繁育基
45、地，不单给养殖户提供优良种猪，还给他们提供人工授精、科学防疫、疾病诊断、饲料饲养等方面的服务，让他们没有后顾之忧，定会使我市生猪饲养走向良性的、可持续发展的道路。第三章 项目建设总体方案设计 第一节 项目建设指导思想及原则 该项目建设总的指导思想为“以繁育优质杂交种母猪为手段，以改良我市生猪品种为目的；带动广大养殖户走良性的、可持续发展的道路”。基地以社会效益为主，自身经济效益为辅，在良种场能保证实现良性发展和足以抵抗市场风险的情况下，让利于民，扶贫为要，为全市生猪品种改良工作的开展提供有力保证，以此带动农村产业结构的战略性调整，创立我市生猪产业的品牌地位，以期让生猪产业成为我市畜牧产业的龙头
46、，实现可持续发展，确保农民稳定增收。 第二节 项目建设方案及目标设计建立长白、大约克、杜洛克、黑猪、太湖纯种种猪的繁育场，利用繁育场生产长太、大太、长黑、大黑、长大杂种二元母猪。第一是将选育的长太、大太、长黑、大黑、长大杂种二元母猪在全市推广饲养，再以长白、大约克、杜洛克种公猪做父本进行三元杂交，通过农户向市场提供三元杂交瘦肉型仔猪；第二是充分利用我市现有的能繁母猪用人工授精的办法进行品种杂交改良。最终达到建立优良肉猪生产基地的目的。基地本着点、条、块布局，统筹安排，重点扶持的原则，每年发展三元杂交瘦肉型仔猪生产大户300户以上，实行价格优惠，技术服务优先，帮助找市场，采取保护价的形式向仔猪大
47、户回收产品，解除饲养大户的后顾之忧，加快我市生猪品种的改良。 第四章 项目建设内容及规模 一、规模饲养纯种大约克夏能繁母猪200头，太湖、黑猪、野猪能繁母猪100头，长白公猪2头，大约克夏公猪2头，杜洛克公猪4头，每年向社会提供长大杂种母猪1500头，长太、长黑、长野杂种母猪800头，纯种大约克种公猪和种母猪各50头，面向全市提供种猪人工授精服务。二、具体建设内容1、以平均每头种猪占舍7平方米计，需建种猪舍2156平方米。2、根据生产规模，建育种猪舍2000平方米。3、建产仔室6OO平方米。4、建活动场地1000平方米。5、建沼气池300平方米。6、修围墙500米。7、建防疫兽医室100平方米
48、。8、建饲料加工房及库房200平方米。9、工人宿舍及办公用房250平方米。10、场内道路建设150米。11、水电增容改造第五章 项目建设期及分期实施进度计划 本项目实行一次性投资建成，基础设施部分施工期预计为8个月，现有和购进种猪后4个月可投产，即从投资动工到投产为一年。第六章 项目资金概算及资金筹措 第一节 项目总投资及分项投资概算本项目总投资为310万元，具体投资概算见附件1。 第二节 项目投资及主要计算指标分析种猪购进投资，购进23月龄的仔猪，体重在70斤左右，按目前市场价15元/斤计，仔种猪购进后，需喂养8个月左右，达到10月龄后才能投入使用，因此，能投入使用的种猪成本在2000元左右是合理的。征用土地30亩，包括建青饲料基地，采取场内自己生产一部分青饲料，可降低经营成本。种猪投入使用到第一批种猪出售前近7个月时间，种猪场处于无收入状态，这段时间每头成年种猪约需900斤精饲料，后期仔猪补充料
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