1、most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past fice decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows wha
2、t is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow Rick that has a high output. This special strain of Rick makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from
3、 this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmers family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for incresing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing pr
4、oblem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These inc
5、reased harvests mean that 22% of thwart worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, farmers are producing harvests twice as lar
6、ge as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to volin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself o
7、r leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with to much money has more rather than fewer troubls. He therefore gives millions of Yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yua
8、n had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to e
9、xport his rice so that it can be grown around the glboe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Chemical or organic farming?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has vecome very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as grea
10、t way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the la
11、nd by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a lonog time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food s
12、upply build up in peoples bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water
13、 than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow
14、strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many oth
15、er methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the knd of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn
16、that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carryi
17、ng away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.An early farmer pioneerSome people thought Jia Sixie was
18、 a lucky man. He had worked for the emperor and when he got old, he was able to go his hometown to relax. Jia Sixie, however, had other plans. He had always been interested in agriculture and intended to do something to make Chinese farming even better.Jia Sixie lived in the six century AD. He was b
19、orn in Yidu in Shandong province and worked in Gaoyang, which is also in Shangdong. As he rode through the countryside on his journeys for his work he looked out at the fields. Some of them were greener and had more crops than others. Some cows and sheep looked healthier than others too. He was lost
20、 in though. What could a farmer do to get good crops from his fields? Surely there must be rules that would help them. He thought he could use his knowledge to find out the best ways for farmers to grow crops and then write a book to help them. In doing so he collected information from farmers who d
21、id well, studied it and did experiments to find the best way.For example, he studied ways of keeping seeds and advised farmers to choose seed-heads which had the best color. Then he told them to hang them to dry all winter. The next spring the seeds should be knocked out of their seed-heads and plan
22、ted. He studied how to improve the soil. He advised farmers to clear weeds from the ground before planting crops. They could either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the soil over so that the weeds were covered and would rot. Then he gave advice on Turing over the soil. The first time each year,
23、 farmers should dig deeply, but the second time should be less deep. Therefore the autumn ploughing of the soil should be deeper thant the spring ploughing. He suggested changing crops in the field every year: rive one year and wheat the next so that they would always get good harvests. They should
24、also grow different plants next to each other in the field. He also gave adive on how to fish, keep a garden and even make wine.He wrote down his in a book called Qi Min Yao Shu, which was considered an important summary of the knowledge of farming. For centuries after Jia Sixie died, it was studied
25、 by Chinese farmers and students of agriculture.Unit 3A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British throug
26、h two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlies own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it aston
27、ishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at that time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his
28、 childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertai
29、ning.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carry
30、ing a walking第一章 项目单位基本情况一、项目单位基本情况省生态农业发展有限公司是由省第一家国有企业冷冻厂改制成的民营企业，于2002年6月成立，企业性质为有限责任公司，注册资本500万元人民币，公司法人代表黄祖鹏。公司注册地址省市街龙古坳14号，经营范围：种植、养殖、农副产品销售、冷冻（藏）食品、预包装食品销售、冷链物流。2009年被评为省级龙头企业、市农业产业化优秀龙头企业。公司于2009年6月被国家认定为中央储备肉基地之一，收储能力为120000吨，公司经营范围由的三县二区辐射到赣、湘、鄂、浙、闽、鲁等省市，年交易额已达3.5亿元，公司下辖的冷链物流配送中心，整合了市货运市场
31、联网长沙、宜春、株洲、浏阳、深圳、武汉等农副产品批发市场，年配送量21万多吨。 二、项目单位资产状况项目单位截止2009年末，资产总额1.52亿元，比上年增加4500万元；其中：在建工程1550万元，固定资产投资756.3万元。公司现有主要设施为储量2000吨的高温冷库和6000吨的低温冷库、大型制冷设备2套、物流配送车50辆、业务及行政用车三辆等设施设备。三、项目单位组织结构公司管理组织机构设置有：办公室、财务部、冷藏管理部、物流管理部、市场拓展部、质检部、安全保卫部、后勤中心。其组织机构如下：总经理办公室安全保卫部财务部后 勤中心质检部物流管理部农产品基地发展部市场拓展部物业管理部四、项目
32、单位经营及财务状况项目单位省生态农业发展有限公司，2009年全年实现销售收入25200万元，利润2268万元，上缴税金1512万元；截止2009年末，公司总资产15200万元，总负债3000万元，所有者权益12865万元，资产负债率19.74%，银行信用等级AA级，实现了较好的企业效益和社会效益。公司近三年财务分析表：报表期200820092010（1-7月）销售收入158002520018000资产负债率16.31%19.74%14.62%流动比率95.53%118.53%123.12%速动比率88.94%91.52%117.92%销售利润率7.059.01%9.21%应收帐款周转率11.8
33、412.7310.35存货周转率10.329.1411.24净资产收益率 4.52 4.14 3.14总资产周转率1.642.511.75偿债能力：省生态农业发展有限公司资产负债率为19.74%，偿债能力较强，企业整体资产利用效率较高，经营管理、营运能力较强。从数值上看，应收账款周转率与存货周转率高，说明企业应收账款、存货回收速度较快，经营管理效率较高，资产流动性强，短期偿债能力强。总资产周转率指标较好，说明企业经营水平不断提高，营运能力不断增强。盈利能力：企业相关盈利指标较好。销售利润率、净资产收益率也处于较高水平，说明企业获利能力较强。从销售利润率、净资产收益率发展趋势来看，虽在2008年
34、受到生猪猪瘟、疯牛病的持续影响，但仍保持了较高的水平，说明企业具有相对稳定的获利能力。2009年企业现金净流量1225万元，经营活动流量净额3568万元，经营活动产生的现金流入25200万元，体现企业未来的支付能力较为稳定，获取现金的能力和偿债能力较强。从现金流可以看出，该公司现金流充足，公司正处于扩张期，经营状况良好，发展稳定、健康。第二章 项目基本情况一、报告编制依据1、建设项目经济评价方法与参数（第三版）；2、建设项目经济咨询评估指南；3、市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要；4、国家发展改革委关于做好2011年中央投资计划草案编报工作的通知（发改投资20101420号）；5、农产品
35、冷链物流发展规划（发改经贸20101304号）；6、国家发展改革委物流业调整与振兴专项投资管理办法；7、建设业主提供的其它有关地勘、方案设计等建设资料。二、建设地点：市街龙古坳14号三、建设周期：2009年6月2011年6月四、项目建设背景：我国食品冷链产业发展的滞后导致数量惊人的食品浪费，并且带来了极大的食品安全隐患。随着易腐食品市场不断扩大，我国食品冷链产业迎来了大发展的历史机遇期，投资食品冷链产业恰逢其时。当前，国际金融危机对我国实体经济造成了较大冲击，物流业作为重要的服务产业，也受到较为严重的影响。制定实施物流业调整和振兴规划，不仅是促进物流业自身平稳较快发展和产业调整升级的需要，也是
36、服务和支撑其他产业的调整与发展、扩大消费和吸收就业的需要，对于促进产业结构调整、转变经济发展方式和增强国民经济竞争力具有重要意义。经过近三十年的改革开放和发展，我国农村正在从自然经济向现代经济过度，基本实现了从计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的转移，市场机制逐步成为农村资源配置的决定性因素，形成多层次、多渠道、多主体的农村商品流通体系新格局，农村商品流通体系建设取得了重要进展。 20世纪90年代以来，中国的商品流通业变革和现代化进程明显加快。特别是进入新世纪以来，物流配送呈快速发展态势。如何适应新形势，发挥优势，调整发展战略，积极而又稳步地与现代营销方式对接，是需要认真研究的问题。党的十六届
37、五中全会将推进社会主义新农村建设的任务提上了我国当前最重要的国事日程。加强农村商品流通体系建设是落实中央、国务院一系列关于“三农”问题的政策和措施，稳定提高农民收入的重要保障。国务院要求，要加快现代物流设施建设，统筹规划，合理布局；通过建设，积极推进现代流通组织形式。同时,商务部部署的“万村千乡”工程，重点推动农产品流通标准化和规模化，构建与轨迹市场接轨的农产品流通体系。省委、省政府制定的关于实施我省农业和农村经济结构战略调整的意见中也进一步明确了省农业的发展方向：“加速农业产业化的进程，要从良种、高产、高效和深加工的方面全面推动农业产业化。”因此，本建设项目是非常及时和必要的。五、建设内容及
38、规模：1、本项目拟用地38亩。 2、改造冷库，总面积4800平方米。其中禽肉品低温冷冻库3200平方米，库容量为6000吨；果蔬高温冷藏库1600平方米，库容量2000吨。3、新建冷库，总面积14730平方米（主要为两层结构、部分为三层结构）。其中禽肉品低温冷冻库10100平方米，库容量为15000吨；果蔬高温冷藏库4630平方米，库容量5000吨。4、在原有8辆冷冻保鲜配送车的基础上，在购置20辆，每年可新增冷冻库保鲜配送能力112000吨。5、新建禽肉制品检测站一座，面积680平方米，购置专业检测设备25台（套）。6、购置冷藏机120台，冷库主、辅设备320台（套）。7、新建加工分装车间9
39、50平方米，日加工能力150吨。8、完善配套的给排水工程、道路工程4500平方米、绿化工程4000平方米。六、技术工艺：本项目工艺基本流程图如下图所示：采收加工包装分级预冷仓储全过程处于适宜的温度、湿度等条件下运输批发零售本冷链物流系统主要加工、仓储及运输的产品有：肉食类，速冻食品，优质水果、精品蔬菜、蛋品、奶制品等。七、总投资及资金来源：（1） 本项目项目总资金为建设投资、铺底流动资金之和。经测算，项目总资金估算为11536.40万元，其中：建设投资10532.62万元，流动资金1000.78万元。（2） 融资方案a、申请中央专项补助资金1000万元, 占项目总投资的8.7%b、银行贷款申请
40、银行贷款3000万元，占项目总投资的26%。c、自筹企业自筹7536.40万元（含流动资金），项目总投资的65.3%。八、项目建设条件(1) 区位关系项目实施区位于市街龙古坳14号，处于市城市规划区内，此处无工厂企业，无工业污染源，而且靠近市铁路货运中心西门火车站？，交通方便，场地外部环境较好，供水、供电、供气、排污在城市规划区内，非常方便。同时，施工条件较好，有较大空间用于堆放建材和安装起吊设备，适宜进行机械化施工作业。(2) 气象水文项目区所在的市街龙古坳14号，气候温和，四季分明。属亚热带湿润性季风气候。项目建设地气象条件为：历年平均气温：1417.1极端最高气温：40.3极端最低气温：
41、5.3平均降水量为：1104MM降雨日数（年平均）：139天年均日照时间：1242.3小时无霜期：281天年均雷暴日：56天陆地蒸发是：714.7MM日平均相对湿度：80%全年平均相对湿度：77%主导风向：常年冬季 西北风 常年夏季 西北、东南风春秋季风向不定，但阵风偏西北风，亦有南风。风速：最大风速 13米/秒 方向风速 1.0米/秒地震裂度：按国家地震区域划分为7度区。该处多为一般性植被，无国家、地方需特殊保护品种。(3) 地形地貌、地质构造根据岩土工程勘察报告，地场地势较为平坦。适宜项目建设。根据钻探揭露：场地地层结构简单，岩性单一。场地内地下水贫乏，以基岩裂隙水为主，主要由大气降水补给
42、，蒸发排泄。地下水质类型属重碳酸钙型水，对混凝土、钢筋、钢结构的腐蚀性评价为弱腐蚀性，基础施工可使用普通硅酸盐水泥。(4) 交通运输本项目建设地点选择在市街龙古坳14号，临近市铁路货运中心西门火车站，周围地势开阔，交通十分方便，人员及物资进入快捷，便于大宗物资集散。(5) 市政基础设施水：市区内有自来水公司一家，建供水站2座，日供水能力10万吨；本项目水源取自市政用水，水质优良，储量充足，能够保证项目生产和生活用水。电：市用电已步入国家大电网，项目所在地用电设施已相当完善。废水治理：市污水处理厂日处理污水能力达到8万吨，市区的生活污水将得到集中处理。垃圾和废物处理：日处理能力300吨的城市垃圾
43、无害处理厂已投产使用，垃圾和废物将得到集中处理。邮电通讯设施先进：邮电通讯网络覆盖全市城乡，电话已实现了交换数据化，传输数字化，并开设了直拨国内国际电话，无线寻呼，A-G网移动通讯，多媒体、英特网等业务。九、项目进度资金方面：已完成建设投资投资的32.3%（3402.04万元）；工程方面：冷库改造工程已完成80%；新建工程方面基础设施建设已基本完成征地拆迁和“三通一平”的工作； 第三章 项目市场分析一、 冷藏物流市场分析（1）冷藏链和冷藏物流的概念冷藏链是易腐物品在田间采后、加工制作、贮藏、运输、分配流通各个环节和过程中，始终处于规定的低温状态，保证物品质量、减少物品损耗的一项系统工程。冷藏物
44、流是随着科学技术的进步、制冷技术的发展而建立起来的，是以冷冻工艺学为基础，以制冷技术为手段，在低温条件下的物流现象，是需要特别装置，需要注意运送过程、时间掌控、运输型态，物流成本所占成本比例非常高的特殊物流形式。冷藏物流应遵循“3T原则”：产品最终质量取决于在冷藏链中贮藏和流通时间（Time）、温度（Temperature）和产品耐藏性（Tolerance）。“3T原则”指出了冷藏食品品质保持所允许的时间和产品温度之间存在的关系。由于冷藏食品在流通中因时间温度的经历而引起的品质降低的累积和不可逆性，因此对不同的产品品种和不同的品质要求，有相应的产品温度控制和贮藏时间的技术经济指标。（2）我国冷
45、链物流市场概况（a）我国鲜活农产品流通存在的主要问题（b）冷链物流是解决上述问题的重要途径减少产后损失，延长流通半径防止变质，确保消费安全商品化处理，促使商品均匀上市，反季节销售，增加农民收入增强农产品的国际竞争力，应对贸易技术壁垒落实科学发展观，促进农业可持续发展（c）我国冷链物流的发展机遇科学发展观、建设新农村、建设资源节约型社会的方针是冷链物流发展的客观要求对优质农产品的消费需求为冷链物流发展提供了市场推动力促进农民增收成为冷链物流发展根本目的增强国际竞争力、应对贸易技术壁垒是发展冷链物流的必然选择冷链物流发展机遇解决“三农”、科学发展观，以及消费需求拉动（d）面临的挑战冷链物流会导致成
46、本及销售价格上升，影响竞争力，优质难以优价农业标准化、组织化程度低增加了冷链物流推广难度（农业生产标准化、质量等级化、包装规格化、流通规模化是冷链物流发展前提）冷链物流设施投资大制约冷链物流发展主体众多，利益难以协调，法规不健全（e）国家重点扶持对象大型农产品批发市场“断链”现象严重，批发市场缺乏冷链设施加强预冷保鲜、冷藏冷冻库建设强化批发市场冷链配送服务功能辐射带动能力强的农业产业化龙头企业区域性配送中心大中城市生鲜商品配送中心优势产区或集散地配送中心第三方冷链物流企业农民合作经济组织(3) 冷链物流市场分析目前我国的肉类食品厂有2500多家，年产肉类6000万吨，产量以每年5左右的速度递增
47、；速冻食品厂2000多家，年产量超过850万吨；冷饮业 4000多家（其中具有一定规模的有194家），年产量150多万吨，产量以每年7左右的速度递增；乳品业1500多家，年产量800万吨，乳品业以每年30%的速度增长；水产品年产量4400万吨，并以4%速度增长。近年来，随着我国经济的发展，人们生活水平不断提高，生活节奏不断加快，人们花在厨房里的时间越来越少，对冷冻冷藏食品的认知度越来越高，迅速拉动了冷冻冷藏食品的消费，冷藏冷冻食品每年增产约10，其中市场份额最大、发展最迅速的是预制食品，2002年预制食品销售额占冷冻食品销售总额42.44。冷冻肉制品和鱼类的销售额也强劲增长，在我国收入较高的发达城市，冷却肉已占到人均年消费肉量的10%15%。冷藏蔬菜的发展也很快，尽管目前冷藏蔬菜的消费总量仍较小，但是随着保鲜技术水平和产品质量的提高，会有越来越多的消费者接受这种产品。上述食品均属于易腐食品，大都需要冷藏物流，随着产销量的快速增长，我国的冷藏物流业将进入快速增长时期。冷藏冷冻食品每年10%的产销量增长，生产商更倾向于物流外包，这成为冷藏物流快速发展的动力，也为专业的3PL带来了新的发展机遇。随着产销量的快速增长，我国的冷藏物流业将进入快速增长时期。（
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