1、Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared in
2、vasion, it would have been completed. Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel. If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.Lesson65 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take so
3、me presents to a childrens hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman appro
4、ached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo
5、must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wi
6、mpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile.
7、While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and un
8、usual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active
9、volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photogra
10、phs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he
11、 managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he
12、saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around
13、 all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had fini
14、shed speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so
15、 successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a chil
16、d suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal har
17、d and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of
18、 the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, howe
19、ver, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for h
20、im, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If
21、 the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremel
22、y accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A pai
23、nter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville
24、Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first ru
25、n. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an ho
26、ur. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinem
27、a seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered
28、 that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre o
29、f Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus s
30、topped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic,
31、said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themsel
32、ves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh,
33、is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and
34、her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the ni
35、ght, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in t
36、he snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer,
37、we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here
38、you can see two workers who, between them,农业科技成果转化资金项目可行性研究报告项目名称：蔬菜加工、贮藏与流通过程中安全质量控制技术的示范与推广 单位名称： 山东百株生物科技有限公司 推荐单位： 聊城市科技局 聊城市财政局 编写时间： 2010 年 4 月 5 日 山东省科学技术厅二一年制目 录一、总论（一）申请项目概述（二）项目预期目标1总体目标2阶段目标3资金投入及使用计划二、项目技术成果的先进性分析（一）简述（二）项目创新点（三）知识产权状况三、项目实施方案分析 （一）项目的转化内容与技术路线（二）项目组织实施方案（三）项目产品市场调查与竞争能力
39、预测（四）投资预算与资金筹措（五）项目实施风险评价（六）项目实施计划四、项目预期效益分析（一）成果转化目标分析（二）经济效益分析1产品成本分析2产品单位售价与盈利预测3经济效益分析4项目投资评价（三）社会效益、生态效益分析五、项目支撑条件分析（一）申请单位基本情况（二）单位转化能力论述（三）单位职工队伍情况（四）单位管理情况（五）单位财务经济状况（六）合作单位研发能力农业科技成果转化资金项目可行性研究报告编写提纲一、总论（一）申请项目概述包括项目已有的核心技术，本次申请需中试、转化的主要内容、创新点、技术水平，项目在农业生产中的主要用途及应用范围（限200字以内。如果申报单位同意“*”信息公开
40、，此内容应属可以公开部分）。（二）项目预期目标（此栏目各项指标是项目立项后，签订合同的主要内容，也是项目验收的主要依据）1. 总体目标：包括项目执行期间（指农业科技成果转化资金资助期限内）计划投资额；项目完成时达到的成果熟化程度、项目执行期结束时达到的主要技术与性能指标（需用定量的数据描述）、执行的质量标准、通过的国家相关行业许可认证及企业通过的质量认证体系等；转化后可获得的经济、社会、生态效益等。2. 阶段目标：（阶段目标的完成情况是项目后续资金划拨的重要依据）在项目执行期内和结束时，每一阶段应达到的具体目标，包括进度指标、技术工程化指标、资金落实额、生产建设情况、实现的销售收入和示范规模等
41、。每一阶段目标应进行比较详细的、可进行考核的定性定量描述。阶段目标完成时指标应与“总体目标”条款中的“技术、质量指标”一致。3. 资金投入及使用计划：包括在项目执行期内计划投资额，其中已到位投资额和需新增加的投资额；列表说明项目执行期内由单位负责完成的新增投资资金到位时间和到位金额。二、项目技术成果的先进性分析（一）简述简述本项目所涉及的具体农业生产领域国内外发展现状、存在的主要问题及近期发展趋势，并将本项目技术成果转化后在克服生产中现存的主要问题与国内、国外同类技术、产品进行质量性能等量化比较，描述项目实施前后技术经济指标将发生的主要变化（可以表格方式说明）。（二）项目创新点论述项目创新点，
42、包括技术创新、产品结构创新、生产工艺创新、产品性能及使用效果的显著变化等。申报单位应在不泄露商业秘密的前提下，尽可能详细地说明本项目的创新点、创新范围、创新难度，并附上权威机构出示的近期查新报告、检测报告、实验报告或其它能说明项目技术水平的证明材料，已有样品的可附照片。（三）知识产权状况详细描述项目的技术来源、合作单位情况；说明项目知识产权，尤其是核心技术知识产权的归属情况。合作转化和委托转化的科技成果，及购买的科技成果，需附上相关的合作转化协议书和成果转让说明；引进技术再转化的成果，需说明再转化的主要内容并提供相应的技术资料；单位自主转化的成果，需提供相应的技术资料或技术鉴定报告。三、项目实
43、施方案分析（一）项目的转化内容与技术路线论述详细说明本项目开展中间性试验，或技术组装、配套、集成，或生产性试验示范的具体内容，以及所采取的技术路线与技术方案。（二）项目组织实施方案说明本项目开展中间性试验或生产性试验示范的具体地点与规模；各参加单位承担的具体工作任务和分工（需附相关合作协议）；论述开展本项目各项工作所需设备、原辅材料的来源、供应渠道，工程建设已具备的条件和需新增加的基本建设内容；简述转化过程中的“三废”情况及处理的措施和方案；如果是需要行业主管部门审批的技术成果，说明是否已获得批准或许可，如果还没有获得，需描述目前申请、审批进展情况以及预计何时可以获得。（三）项目产品市场调查与
44、竞争能力预测说明本项目成果转化后技术或产品在农业生产中的用途，分析本项目产品的国内外市场竞争能力、在国内外市场占有份额等。（四）投资预算与资金筹措投资预算根据项目需要转化的内容和目标，估算本项目在资金资助期内计划投资额，至项目申报时已到位的投资额、需要新增投资额，并对已到位投资部分分项说明资金来源及主要用途。新增资金的筹措对新增投资部分，需阐述资金筹措渠道、预计到位时间、目前进展情况。具体包括：利用银行贷款并已获得贷款的，在附件中须提供贷款合同，尚未取得贷款的，需说明目前贷款的进展情况；自筹资金部分，须详细说明筹措渠道、筹集额度；地方政府配套部分，应说明拨款部门、资金使用方式、资金到位时间，已
45、经拨款的，须附相关证明文件；申请农业技术成果转化资金部分，需明确说明申请种类及其金额。资金使用计划根据项目实施进度和筹资方式，编制资金使用计划。对农业科技成果转化资金部分，需单独列出明细表说明主要使用方向。（五）项目实施风险评价对项目的风险性及不确定因素进行识别分析，提出降低风险的措施。（六）项目实施计划详细描述项目各项工作的进展计划，以甘特图注：甘特图（GANT）是查看项目进程最常用的工具图，也叫线条图或横道图，由二维坐标构成，其横坐标表示时间，纵坐标表示任务。申请单位应将转化资金项目执行期内的各项任务分解，每项任务用一条横线表示，其长度是完成这项任务所需的时间，将横线按任务的起止时间放在图
46、内。的形式列出，并明确标出完成各项工作预计所需时间及达到的阶段目标。此处列出的各项指标应与“总论”中“阶段目标”的描述相吻合。任务任务1 任务2 任务3时间 2010年 2010年 2011年 2011年 2012年 6月 12月 6月 12月 6月四、项目预期效益分析（一）成果转化目标分析分析经中试、组装、工程化后，成果可以达到的熟化目标，如经转化后技术可以满足大面积推广或产业化生产的程度等。（二）经济效益分析1产品成本分析按财务制度的规定，估算项目产品的年生产成本（包括人工费、材料费、制造费等）和期间费用（包括管理费及相关财务费用），并提供计算生产成本的基础；说明对生产成本产生负面影响的主
47、要因素以及可采取的对策。2产品单位售价与盈利预测根据产品的成本和市场分析，预测本项目产品进入市场的单位销售价格，并编制该项目五年内的产业化生产和推广应用预测，包括收入预测、成本预测、利润预测，上述预测分析要求列表计算。3经济效益分析根据销售价格和市场占有情况的分析，预测本项目在农业科技成果转化资金资助期限内累计可实现的销售收入、净利润、缴税总额、创汇或替代进口情况。4项目投资评价计算项目的净现值、内部收益率、投资回收期。（三）社会效益、生态效益分析分析本项目实施后对于农业和农村经济结构战略性调整的影响，对于合理利用自然资源的影响，对改善农业生态环境和生态效益的影响，对于提高农业产业化水平的影响
48、，对于提高农业国际竞争能力的影响，以及对于增加农民收入的影响等。五、项目支撑条件分析（一）申报单位基本情况包括单位名称、通讯地址、注册时间、注册资金、登记注册类型、主管单位(部门)名称。（二）单位转化能力论述农业新技术、新产品开发能力情况，从事农业科技成果转化的业绩和投入情况（企业应说明科技转化投入占企业年销售收入的比例）；科研转化队伍情况；与本项目相关的技术储备情况等。项目技术负责人的基本情况，包括学历、所学专业、主要工作经历、技术专长和工作业绩；项目技术负责人与单位之间的任用关系。（三）单位职工队伍情况单位法定代表人的基本情况，包括学历、所学专业、主要经历、技术专长、创新意识、开拓能力及主要工作业绩。单位人员情况，包括人员总数、大专以上人员数；
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