MOOC 环境分析化学-成都理工大学 中国大学慕课答案.docx

1、 MOOC 环境分析化学-成都理工大学 中国大学慕课答案Chapter 1 单元作业Chapter 1 单元测验1、问题：以下说法错误的是：现代环境分析化学就是研究如何运用现代科学理论和先进实验技术来鉴别和测定环境中化学物质的选项：A、成分B、含量C、化学形态和毒性D、不包括其种类正确答案:【不包括其种类】2、问题：本课程采用 教学。选项：A、汉语B、英语C、双语D、母语正确答案:【双语】3、问题：The practical of operations which is used to obtain an analytical result from asample, is known as

2、the analytical method.选项：A、methodB、personC、sequenceD、behavior正确答案:【sequence】4、问题：一项环境全分析过程，通常由 个阶段构成。选项：A、4B、5C、6D、7-8正确答案:【7-8】 5、问题：环境研究中，分析方法的选择，错误的说法是 。选项：A、需考虑方法的准确度B、需考虑方法的灵敏度C、需考虑方法的检出限D、不需考虑样品的个数正确答案:【不需考虑样品的个数】6、问题：进入 21 世纪， 已成为当今世界的三大社会问题。选项：A、人口B、资源C、环境D、动植物正确答案:【人口#资源#环境】7、问题：环境分析化学研究对象范

3、围广。涉及大气、溪流、湖泊、江河、海洋、土壤陆地系统乃至生物圈。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】8、问题：环境分析化学研究内容复杂。要求对进入环境的数万种化学品进行价态、形态分析，结构分析，系统分析，同类物、异构体分析，微区、薄层、表面分析，甚至到三维空间扫描分析和时间分辨数据。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】9、问题：环境属于多层次、多介质、多元动态系统，环境分析化学要求分析研究对象的迁移变化规律等。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】10、问题：环境分析化学研究组分的含量低。尤其是存在于环境、野生动植物和人体组织中的持久性有机污染物（POPs）和环境激素等，须用超高灵敏

4、度的分析设备和良好的净化技术以及特异性的分离手段。选项： A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】11、问题：环境分析化学中，分析测试技术涉及的专业面越来越广，综合性越来越强。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】12、问题：环境分析化学与环境化学和环境监测相比，具有显著的学科前沿性与超前性。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】13、问题：拟定分析方案、选择分析方法时，需要考虑的因素不包括完成测定的时间。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】14、问题：现代环境分析化学几乎动用了所有的现代分析化学的最新测试技术和手段，已发展成为内容浩繁、将化学和环境科学的基础理论和实验技术深度融合的交叉性学

5、科。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】15、问题：Sample consists of two parts, the matrix which is the substance to bedetermined, and the rest of the sample which comprises the analyte.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】16、问题：Where the aim is to identify or detect the presence of a species qualitativeanalysis is carried out. In circum

6、stances where the amount of a substance present ismeasured, quantitative analysis is used. 选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】17、问题：重量法、容量法、光谱法和质谱法都是分析方法，不是分析技术。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】18、问题：在确定环境分析目标时，分析化学家最好与环境科学家有一个充分的协商。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】19、问题：Sampling can be divided into following types: Hypothesis guided sampl

7、ing，random sampling，systematic sampling and stratified sampling选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】20、问题：Standard materials used should have a composition, which is closely similarto the sample, both its analyte concentration and matrix.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Chapter 2 单元作业Chapter 2 单元测验1、问题：For any measurement there

8、is an ultimately correct value which is known asthe .选项：A、meanB、medianC、experimental result D、true result正确答案:【true result】2、问题： is simply the difference between an experimental result and the true result.选项：A、varianceB、errorC、deviationD、relative error正确答案:【error】3、问题：The closeness of an experimenta

9、l result to the true result is known as its .选项：A、accuracyB、precisionC、errorD、sensitivity正确答案:【accuracy】4、问题：The closeness of an experimental result to another experimental result isknown as its .选项：A、accuracyB、precisionC、errorD、sensitivity正确答案:【precision 】5、问题： refers to variations where replicate

10、measurements are made under closelycontrolled circumstances in one place and in a short timescale.选项：A、reproducibilityB、precisionC、repeatabilityD、accuracy正确答案:【repeatability 】6、问题： applies when time and place and other circumstances may differ substantially,but with the method remaining ostensibly t

11、he same.选项：A、reproducibilityB、precisionC、repeatability D、accuracy正确答案:【reproducibility】7、问题：The numerical difference between the highest and lowest values in a data setis known as its .选项：A、areaB、range or spreadC、lengthD、width正确答案:【range or spread】8、问题：The arithmetic average of a set of data is know

12、n as its .选项：A、meanB、medianC、precisionD、experimental result正确答案:【mean】9、问题：If data are unsymmetrically distributed they may be best represented by themost frequently occurring value, i.e. the one corresponding to the peak of the distributioncurve. This is known as the .选项：A、peakB、modeC、maximum value

13、D、extreme value正确答案:【mode】10、问题：In a set of data of 2.9, 5.7, 3.8, 4.2, 7.7, 5.2, 9.4, the median is .选项：A、4.2B、5.7C、5.2D、7.7正确答案:【5.2】11、问题：The precision is usually expressed by the .选项：A、errorB、relative standard deviationC、standard deviation D、relative error正确答案:【relative standard deviation】12、问题：

14、Indeterminate error can be traced to sources such as:选项：A、sampling and sample handlingB、the analytical methodC、faulty instrumentationD、small variations in temperature正确答案:【small variations in temperature】13、问题：用 AAS 法测定某样品中锌的含量，得到如下结果：4.22, 3.95，4.12，4.19， 4.05(?g/g)，经计算，其 Q 值为 .选项：A、0.53B、0.45C、0.3

15、7D、0.66正确答案:【0.37】14、问题：The true result is never known.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】15、问题：For estimating the significance of an error, the absolute error is more usefulthan the relative error.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】16、问题：The absolute error is quoted in the same units as the measurement.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】17、问题

16、：A degree of freedom is an independent variable.选项：A、正确 B、错误正确答案:【正确】18、问题：variances are additive and the overall variance for a process may beestimated by summing the individual variances for its constituent parts.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】19、问题：两个实验室采用同一方法对同一样品中的某元素进行了分析，测得结果如下：第一组 6.1 6.9 5.9 6.2 6.7 6

17、.0 第二组 6.3 6.2 5.7 5.5 5.4 如果该样品的推荐值为5.5 (mg/g)经计算比较（90%的置信水平），两组数据的精密度有显著性差异。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】20、问题：上题中，经计算比较（90%的置信水平），两组数据的平均值有显著性差异。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Chapter 3 单元作业Chapter 3 单元测验1、问题：根据样品的性质来划分，形态可以划分为 金属元素形态、土壤和沉积物中金属元素形态和大气颗粒物形态。选项：A、水体中B、海水中C、湖水中D、淡水中正确答案:【水体中】2、问题：表征与测定元素（或污染物）在环境中存在的各种

18、物理和化学形态的 称为形态分析。选项：A、技术 B、手段C、过程D、方法正确答案:【过程】3、问题：森林土壤中， 更易被降水淋溶而迁移。选项：A、Pb2+比 Pb4+B、Pb4+比 Pb2+C、As(V)比 As()D、Sb(V)比 Sb()正确答案:【Pb4+比 Pb2+】4、问题：在 Tessier 法中，提取碳酸盐结合态的溶剂是 。选项：A、1mol/L MgCl2 或 NH4Ac ，pH 7.0B、1mol/L NaAc HAc，pH 5.0C、0.04mol/L NH2OHHCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96D、0.02mol/L HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85, 3

19、.2mol/L NH4Ac + 3mol/L HNO3正确答案:【1mol/L NaAc HAc，pH 5.0】5、问题：在 Tessier 法中，提取铁锰氧化物结合态的溶剂是 。选项：A、1mol/L MgCl2 或 NH4Ac ，pH 7.0B、1mol/L NaAc HAc，pH 5.0C、0.04mol/L NH2OHHCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96D、0.02mol/L HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac + 3mol/L HNO3正确答案:【0.04mol/L NH2OHHCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96】6、问题：在 Tess

20、ier 法中，提取可交换态的溶剂是 。选项：A、1mol/L MgCl2 或 NH4Ac ，pH 7.0B、1mol/L NaAc HAc，pH 5.0C、0.04mol/L NH2OHHCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96D、0.02mol/L HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac + 3mol/L HNO3正确答案:【1mol/L MgCl2 或 NH4Ac ，pH 7.0】7、问题：在 Tessier 法中，提取有机结合态的溶剂是 。选项：A、1mol/L MgCl2 或 NH4Ac ，pH 7.0B、1mol/L NaAc HAc，pH 5.0C

21、、0.04mol/L NH2OHHCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96 D、0.02mol/L HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac + 3mol/L HNO3正确答案:【0.02mol/L HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac + 3mol/L HNO3】8、问题：在 Tessier 法中，提取残渣态的溶剂是 。选项：A、1mol/L MgCl2 或 NH4Ac, pH 7.0B、HF + HClO4C、0.04mol/L NH2OHHCl +4.4mol/L HAc, 96D、0.02mol/L HNO3 +H2

22、O2 pH 2.0, 85, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac + 3mol/L HNO3正确答案:【HF + HClO4】9、问题： 是准确形态分析的主要手段。选项：A、色谱技术B、光谱技术C、联用技术D、电化学技术正确答案:【联用技术】10、问题：金属与土壤和沉积物组分的结合形态，是根据特定的提取剂和提取步骤来定义的。目前，有代表性的分类方法主要有：选项：A、Tessier 法B、Cambrell 法C、Shuman 法D、BCR 法正确答案:【Tessier 法#Cambrell 法#Shuman 法#BCR 法】11、问题：形态分析采样时需要考虑的主要问题有：选项：A、样品的种类B、样品的

23、大致浓度范围C、基体的种类及均匀程度D、所用分析方法的特殊性正确答案:【样品的种类 #样品的大致浓度范围#基体的种类及均匀程度#所用分析方法的特殊性】12、问题：Speciation may be defined as the different physico-chemical forms of anelement which together comprise its total concentration in a given sample.选项：A、正确 B、错误正确答案:【正确】13、问题：根据形态的物理化学性质来划分，形态包括物理和化学形态。物理形态包括粒度、溶解度、密度、胶体等；

24、化学形态包括价态、化合态、结合态和结构态。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】14、问题：化学形态分析包括筛选形态分析、分组形态分析、分配形态分析和个体形态分析等选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】15、问题：化学形态分析分为准确定量形态分析和按操作定义的形态分析。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】16、问题：砷形态的毒性顺序为:三氧化二砷（砒霜）砷化氢亚砷酸砷酸盐砷酸砷。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】17、问题：顺序（分步）提取法的基本原理是：模拟自然和人为的环境条件变化，按从弱到强的原则，合理使用一系列选择性试剂，连续溶解不同结合态痕量元素的矿物相，将样品中不同赋存

25、状态的元素解析出来，最后分别进行测定。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】18、问题：形态分析时，样品贮存要考虑光照、微生物（生物甲基化或生物降解）、温度、pH、贮存容器材料（吸附或污染）的对元素化学形态的影响，保持化学形态的完整性。选项： A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】19、问题：溶解态金属的形态分析技术分为实验法(或叫直接法)和计算机模拟法（计算法）两大类。选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】20、问题：模拟计算法是根据热力学平衡原理，计算时考虑到处于平衡状态下溶解态金属的水解、聚合、络合、胶体形成和吸附等因素对金属形态的影响，通过计算，估算出水体中可能存在的金属形态及其浓度。

26、选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Chapter 4 单元作业Chapter 4 单元测验1、问题：1.There are naturally occurring elements on the earth.选项：A、92B、90C、78D、86正确答案:【90】2、问题：In biological systems elements can be basically grouped into .选项：A、major elementsB、minor elementsC、trace elementsD、A+B+C正确答案:【A+B+C】3、问题：From a biological viewp

27、oint, trace elements are most conveniently classifiedinto: .选项： A、major, minor and traceB、essential, non-essential and toxicC、organic and inorganicD、toxic and non-toxic正确答案:【essential, non-essential and toxic】4、问题：The trace elements essential for plants are those elements which cannot besubstituted

28、by others in their specific biochemical roles and that have a direct influenceon the organism so that it can neither grow nor complete some metabolic.选项：A、rolesB、behaviorsC、propertiesD、reactions正确答案:【roles】5、问题：In systems, trace elements are defined as being essential if depletionconsistently result

29、s in a deficiency syndrome and repletion specifically reverses theabnormalities.选项：A、plantB、humanC、animalD、human and animal正确答案:【human and animal】6、问题：The physiological roles of the essential trace elements relate to theirassociation with systems.选项：A、proteinB、enzymeC、lipidsD、free fatty acids正确答案:【e

30、nzyme】7、问题：The earths crust is the source of all the natural trace elements of the variousenvironmental, geological and marine systems.选项：A、earlyB、mainC、primordialD、natural正确答案:【primordial】 8、问题：The earths crust contains free trace elements.选项：A、very fewB、a lot ofC、very littleD、very much正确答案:【very f

31、ew】9、问题：Soilsare considered as for trace elements, and therefore they play an importantrole in the environmental cycling of elements.选项：A、sourcesB、originsC、basinD、sinks正确答案:【sinks】10、问题：Bacteria in the top sediment-water interface can strongly influence thechemical form and toxicity of various trace

32、 elements.选项：A、physical form and toxicityB、chemical form and toxicityC、chemical form and sizeD、physical form and bioavailability正确答案:【chemical form and toxicity】11、问题：The purposes for most water samples to be filtrated immediatelyfollowingcollection are to remove .选项：A、algae, bacteria and particulat

33、e matterB、algaeC、bacteriaD、particulate matter正确答案:【algae, bacteria and particulate matter 】12、问题：Freeze drying is the preferred method for removing moisture from sampleswithout trace element losses or contamination.选项：A、soil and sedimentB、soil and waterC、plant and animalD、animal and water正确答案:【plant

34、 and animal】 13、问题：The most desirable features of sample digestion methods are： .选项：A、The ability to dissolve the sample completely (no insoluble residues)B、reasonably quick and always safeC、no possible sources of sample loss through volatibility, adsorption onto the walls ofthe vesselD、elimination

35、of sample contamination from the reagents used in the dissolutionprocess正确答案:【The ability to dissolve the sample completely (no insolubleresidues)#reasonably quick and always safe#no possible sources of sample loss throughvolatibility, adsorption onto the walls of the vessel#elimination of sample co

36、ntaminationfrom the reagents used in the dissolution process】14、问题：The analytical techniques for measuring trace elements in environmentalsamples include:选项：A、AAS, AFS, ICP-OES or ICP-AESB、NAA, XRF, PIXE, SSMS, IDMSC、electrochemical (anodic stripping voltammetry and polarography)D、inductively couple

37、d plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS)正确答案:【AAS, AFS, ICP-OES or ICP-AES#NAA, XRF, PIXE, SSMS,IDMS#electrochemical (anodic stripping voltammetry and polarography)#inductivelycoupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS)】15、问题：The elemental composition of the earths crust is predominantly H, O, C, N,Ca, P, K

38、and Cl, whereas the human body is O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, and Mg.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】16、问题：Elemental distribution is very complex and dependent upon many physicaland chemical factors, including energetic radiation, weathering, pH, redox properties,solubility, etc.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】17、问题：Due to t

39、heir low concentration, many of the trace elements are not importantfor the growth, development, and health of living organisms.选项：A、正确 B、错误正确答案:【错误】18、问题：In biological systems the major elements maintain electrolyte balanceprocesses while the minor elements act as structural components.选项：A、正确B、错误正

40、确答案:【错误】19、问题：The trace element composition of animal and human tissues or fluid isdirectly related to the trace element content and bioavailability in the soil or sediment-plant-animal-human food chain.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】20、问题：The impact of water pollution depends upon the magnitude of trace eleme

41、ntinput, duration of input, physical and chemical form and associated ligands or chemicals.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Chapter 5 单元作业Chapter 5 单元测验1、问题：Environmental analysis may be limited1111 to surrounding environment,where we may investigate the presence of unnatural or unwanted materials in .选项：A、Water

42、B、soilC、AirD、All of the above正确答案:【All of the above】2、问题：Techniques such as and infrared (IR, 红外) spectroscopywhich have beentraditionally used as aids in identification rather than for quantitation are most applicable.选项：A、Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)B、Atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) C、Ato

43、mic emission spectroscopy (AES)D、UV-vis adsorption spectroscopy正确答案:【Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)】3、问题：Environment organic pollutants include , alcohols and phenols, anilines andbenzidines (联苯氨), chlorinated solvents, etc.选项：A、Aliphatic hydrocarbonsB、Aromatic hydrocarbonsC、AldehydesD、All of the

44、above正确答案:【All of the above】4、问题：Methods commonly used for trace organic analysis can be assigned to one ofthree subdivisions: sample preparation, and detection.选项：A、PartitionB、ExtractionC、ChromatographyD、None of the above正确答案:【Chromatography】5、问题： can be chosen for extracting chlorinated pesticide

45、residues, hence separationby gas chromatography and quantitation using an electron capture detector.选项：A、HexaneB、DichlorobenzeneC、ChloroformD、Dichloromethane正确答案:【Hexane】6、问题：In general, the first common step in most protocols for sample preparation is .选项：A、MacerationB、DissolutionC、ExtractionD、Partition正确答案:【Maceration】7、问题：Once the solution has been reduced to a small volume, ca. cm3 (mL), it isbet