1、Unit33Interior Design in Augmented Reality EnvironmentTextThis article presents an application of Augmented Reality technology for interior design.Plus,an Educational Interior Design Project is reviewed.Along with the dramatic progress of digital technology,virtual information techniques are also re
2、quired for architectural projects.Thus,the new technology of Augmented Reality offers many advantages for digital architectural design and construction fields.AR is also being considered as a new design approach for interior design.In an AR environment,the virtual furniture can be displayed and modi
3、fied in real-time on the screen,allowing the user to have an interactive experience with the virtual furniture in a real-world environment.Here,AR environment is exploited as the new working environment for architects in architectural design works,and then they can do their work conveniently as such
4、 collaborative discussion through AR environment.Finally,this study proposes a new method for applying AR technology to interior design work,where a user can view virtual furniture and communicate with 3D virtual furniture data using a dynamic and flexible user interface.Plus,all the properties of t
5、he virtual furniture can be adjusted using occlusion-based interaction method for a Tangible Augmented Reality.Text1.INTRODUCTIONVisualizing how a particular table or chair will look in a room before it is decorated is a difficult challenge for anyone.Hence,Augmented Reality(AR)technology has been p
6、roposed for interior design applications by few previous authors,for example,Koller,C.Wooward,A.Petrovski;K.Hirokazu,et al.The related devices typically include data glasses connected to a portable PC(Head-mounted display-HMD).Plus,various lightweight solutions using a PDA device has been proposed b
7、y the Augmented Reality Team in Find land.However,these devices are right not commonly available for non-professional users.Accordingly,this paper presents an augmented reality system for designing、educating、presenting interior design projects using overlaid virtual furniture in a physical environme
8、nt based on a regular PC home system.Tracking markers are placed on the floors or walls to define the scale and coordinate system of the room.Next,the user selects virtual furniture on the screen and places it in the design space.In the AR scene,the 3D virtual furniture is integrated into a real env
9、ironment and can be arranged along side real furniture.Experiments are implemented using basic home computer equipment,including a PC,HMD(or web camera),and printer.As a result,it is hoped that the propo-Text-sed system will allow a broad range of users.While some similar systems have already been p
10、resented by another research group,the system proposed in this paper includes additional functions for the user interface and an improved implementation.For example,the user can interact with virtual furniture using a Tangible Augmented Reality in real time,and change the color,style,or covering of
11、furniture in a real environment.Therefore,this allows complex and varied designs to be explored and visualized,making AR technology for interior design accessible to both professionals and amateurs.2.AUGMENTED REALITY-NEWRESEARCH APPROACH FOR ARCHITECTUREAugmented Reality technologyAugmented Reality
12、(AR)is a new technology that involves the overlay of computer graphics on the real world.As a result,the user can see the real world augmented with virtual objects and can interact with them.Within a more general context,AR is also termed Mixed Reality(MR),referring to a multi-axis spectrum of areas
13、 that cover Virtual Reality(VR),Augmented Reality(AR),telepresence,and other related technology(Figure 1).Figure 1Paul Milgrams Reality-Virtual continuum.TextAugmented Reality systems combine digital information and the real world in a way that the user experiences them as one.A particularly importa
14、nt property of AR is locating virtual objects in the right place and position,which makes the Tracking System one of the most important components of an AR system.Essentially,an AR system must be able to follow the users point of view dynamically and keep virtual objects aligned with real world obje
15、cts.The basic components of an AR system are a display,camera for graphic captures,and computer installed application software,plus various different kinds of hardware can be used,for example,camera phones,PDAs,lap-tops,HMDs,and wearable computer systems.Typically,an ARToolKit library is used to det
16、ermine the relation between the real and virtual world.The ARToolKit uses a computer vision technique to define the position and orientation of the real camera viewpoint relative to a real world marker.Next,the ARToolKit defines and calculates the position of the virtual coordinates.Based on a concu
17、rrence of virtual and real camera coordinates,the computer graphics are then drawn as an overlay on a fiducial markers card.As a result,the user experiences a video see-through augmented reality on the PC screen or morelively impression by HMDs(Kato,H.2001 and HIT Lab Washington University).TextAlth
18、ough Augmented Reality has only been studied for one decade,the growth and progress in the past few years have been remarkable.As such,AR technology has many possible applications across a wide range of fields,including entertainment,education,medicine,military,training,engineering and manufacturing
19、.It is also expected that other potential areas for application will still appear with the dissemination of this technology.During the early stages,the main focus of AR development was related to Hardware technology rather than usability.However,the rapid development of mobile(handheld)with better p
20、rocessing capacities and long-lasting batteries has raised the issue of lightweight mobile AR systems.Thus,mobile AR devices are now one of the most promising emerging technologies.Similarly,the proposed system was also designed to appeal to a broader range of users based on the use of a regular PC
21、and HMD.3.INTERIOR DESIGN IN DIGITALENVIRONMENT3.1Properties of interior designIn the case of interior design,the designer essentially applies the three basic principles of interior design:color,scale,and proportion within a predetermined space.Thus,the proposed AR sy-Text-stem is focused on giving
22、the user the flexibility to design using these three basic principles.Therefore,in the proposed A environment,the user is able to adjust the properties of virtual furniture and create different arrangements in a real environment.3.2 System designFor implementation,two separate modules were developed
23、:one for creating and managing the 3D database,and the other for displaying.First,CAD applications extract information from a drawing and link it to a database.For the given space,geometrical information is then extracted from a three-dimensional database of furniture.After loading the geometries,th
24、e position and direction of the views for the user are calculated based on data marker tracking.Simultaneously,the location-and direction-based geometry data are transformed using transformation matrices to produce images that align beside other objects in the real view.As such,the position tracker
25、and orientation tracker are important elements of AR systems and the development AR technology.summaries the tracking and display process.The properties of the furniture graphics are saved in a database generated by a CAD application,e.g.3DSMax software,while OpenGL renders the final graphics.Plus,a
26、n ARToolKit software library is used to calculate the 3D positions and orientations of the virtual furniture.Text3.3 SoftwareCAD applications handle the management of the building geometry data and link it to a database.Next,the AR software retrieves and displays the position and orientation data in
27、 the defined environment.The 3DSMax or other Building Information Modelling(BIM)applications.are used as the basic software for the CAD applications and also provides customized support for ARToolKit-2.72.1.The 3DSMax(and others)produces a VRML file of a model which has a type.wrl extension.An ARToo
28、lKit library then assumes the role of building the AR application.One of the key difficulties involved in developing an AR application is tracking the users viewpoint.In order to determine which viewpoint to use to align the virtual imagery with real-world objects,the AR application first needs to d
29、etermine the viewpoint of the user in the real world.ARToolKit software uses computer vision algorithms to solve this problem.An ARToolKit video tracking library defines the virtual camera position and orientation relative to physical markers in real time.The ARToolKit library-the product of HIT Lab
30、 NZ-is then used to display the virtual objects.TextThis research examined virtual furniture and adjustment work to create a new design method using Augmented Reality technology for Interior Design education.In particular,AR technology opens up many new research fields in engineering and architectur
31、e.In an AR environment,design work can become more lively,convenient,and intelligent.Plus,design work and manufacturing can be conducted at the same time and we close relationship with each other.With AR,the virtual products of graphic technology are not only for simulation but also obtain real high
32、er values.Furthermore,AR technology can become a new animated simulation tool for interior design,allowing the user to see a mixed AR scene through HMD,video display,or PDA.It is also anticipated that the interactive potential can be increased according to the users needs.exploitedvt.开采；开拓；剥削decorat
33、edvt.装饰；点缀；粉刷overlayv.在上铺或盖；撒满，遮掩；制作照相地图，覆盖graphicsn.制图学；制图法；图表算法componentsn.成分；零件；adj.组成的；合成的；构成的；成分的see-throughadj.透明的，极薄的 n.透视装manufacturen.制造业，工业flexibilityn.柔韧性，机动性，灵活性；伸缩性；可塑度；柔度principlesn.原则，原理；准则，道义；道德标准；本能capacityn.容量；才能；性能；生产能力databasen.数据库；资料库；信息库 geometricaladj.几何的，几何学的；几何图案的；成几何级数增加的th
34、ree-dimensionaladj.三维的；立体的；空间的；三度orientationn.方向，定位，取向，排列方向propertyn.房地产；财产；所有权；特性calculate vt.预测，推测 vt.&vi.计算；估计；打算Modelling模化；模型化；造型Algorithmn.运算法则；演算法；计算程序Graphicadj.图解的，用图表示的；用文字表示的；形象的，生动的anticipatedvt.预感；预见；预料；先于行动New Words and PhrasesNotes（1）Along with the dramatic progress of digital technol
35、ogy,virtual information techniques are also required for architectural projects.Thus,the new technology of Augmented Reality offers many advantages for digital architectural design and construction fields.随着数字技术的迅猛发展，建筑工程也需要虚拟信息技术。因此，新增的实体技术为数字建筑设计和施工领域提供了许多优势。（2）Visualizing how a particular table o
36、r chair will look in a room before it is decorated is a difficult challenge for anyone.在装修前想象一个特定的桌子或椅子在房间里的样子，对任何人来说都是一个困难的挑战。（3）Tracking markers are placed on the floors or walls to define the scale and coordinate system of the room.Next,the user selects virtual furniture on the screen and places
37、it in the design space.跟踪标记放置在地板或墙壁来定义房间的规模和坐标系统。接下来，用户在屏幕上选择虚拟家具放置在设计空间中。Notes（4）While some similar systems have already been presented by another research group,the system proposed in this paper includes additional functions for the user interface and an improved implementation.与另一个研究小组已经提出其他一些类似系
38、统做比较，本文提到的该系统包括用户界面、升级软件使用等方面的附加功能。（5）In the case of interior design,the designer essentially applies the three basic principles of interior design:color,scale,and proportion within a predetermined space.在室内设计时，设计师会主要运用室内设计的三个基本原则：颜色，规模，和目标空间的比例。1.For implementation,two separate modules were develop
39、ed:one for creating and managing the 3D database,and the other for displaying,as show in below figure.2.After loading the geometries,the position and direction of the views for the user are calculated based on data marker tracking.Simultaneously,the location-and direction-based geometry data are tra
40、nsformed using transformation matrices to produce images that align beside other objects in the real view.3.CAD applications handle the management of the building geometry data and link it to a database.4.ARToolKit software uses computer vision algorithms to solve this problem.An ARToolKit video tra
41、cking library defines the virtual camera position and orientation relative to physical markers in real time.5.This research examined virtual furniture and adjustment work to create a new design method using Augmented Reality technology for Interior Design education.In particular,AR technology opens
42、up many new research fields in engineering and architecture.6.With AR,the virtual products of graphic technology are not only for simulation but also obtain real higher values.Furthermore,AR technology can become a new animated simulation tool for interior design,allowing the user to see a mixed AR
43、scene through HMD,video display,or PDA.It is also anticipated that the interactive potential can be increased according to the users needs.Exercises（Translate the following Chinese into English,or English into Chinese）7.因此，在提出的一种环境中，用户可以调整虚拟家具的性能并创建在真实环境中不同的安排。8.在早期，AR发展的主要焦点是硬件相关技术而不是可用性。9.最后，本研究提出应用AR技术的室内设计工作的一种新方法，其中用户可以通过使用这个动态的、灵活的用户界面查看虚拟家具并且与3D虚拟家具数据联系起来。10.因此，本文提出了一种增强现实系统/教育/展示室内设计项目使用重叠虚拟家具基于普通个人电脑的家居系统物理环境的设计。Exercises（Translate the following Chinese into English,or English into Chinese）
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