1、 刀具涂层技术理论研究学生姓名： 指导教师： 所在院系：工程学院所学专业：机械设计制造及其自动化研究方向：机械设计及理论东 北 农 业 大 学中国哈尔滨20XX 年 X 月刀具涂层技术理论研究目 录摘要 .- 1 -关键词 .- 1 -前言 .- 3 -1 研究意义 .- 4 -1.1 粘结磨损 .- 4 -1.2 氧化磨损 .- 4 -1.3 剥落与崩刃 .- 4 -1.4 扩散磨损 .- 4 -2 国內外刀具涂层技术的现状 .- 5 -2.1 国外 CVD 技术的发展 .- 5 -2.2 国外 PVD 技术的发展 .- 5 -2.3 我国 CVD 技术的发展 .- 5 -2.4 我国 PV
2、D 技术的发展 .- 6 -3 涂层材料的特点及要求 .- 6 -3.1 涂层材料的特点 .- 6 -3.2 涂层材料的要求 .- 6 -4 刀具涂层技术综述 .- 7 -4.1 化学气相沉积涂层 .- 7 -4.1.1 高温化学气相沉积涂层的优点 .- 7 -4.1.2 高温化学气相沉积涂层的缺点 .- 7 -4.1.3 中温化学气相沉积涂层优点 .- 7 -4.2 物理气相沉积涂层 .- 7 -4.2.1 物理气相沉积涂层步骤 .- 8 -4.2.2 物理气相沉积涂层优点 .- 8 -4.2.3 物理气相沉积涂层缺陷 .- 8 -4.3 等离子体化学气相沉积涂层 .- 8 -4.3.1 等
3、离子体化学气相沉积涂层优点 .- 8 -4.3.2 等离子体化学气相沉积涂层缺点 .- 8 -4.4 溶胶-凝胶法 .- 9 -5 刀具涂层改性意见 .- 9 -6 结语 .- 9 -参考文献 .- 10 -致谢 .- 11 -刀具涂层技术理论研究刀具涂层技术理论研究- 1 -摘要机械制造工业是制造业最重要的组成之一,它担负着向国民经济的各个部门提供机械装备的任务。我国现代化建设的发展速度在很大程度上要取决于机械制造工业的发展水平,因此,从这个意义上说,机械制造工业的发展水平是关系全局的。机械制造中的加工方法很多,其中材料去除加工精度较高!表面质量较好,有很强的加工适应性,是目前机械制造中应用
4、最广泛的加工方法。材料去除加工又可分为切削加工和特种加工,切削加工是利用切削刀具从工件上切除多余的材料,这就要求切削刀具的硬度要比工件高得多。刀具切削性能的优劣取决于刀具材料!切削部分几何参数及刀具的结构。目前生产中所用的刀具材料主要是高速钢和硬质合金,高速钢强度高!韧性好,但硬度与耐磨性比硬质合金差；硬度合金硬度与耐磨性较好,但强度与韧性比高速钢差,而涂层刀具是在高速钢或硬质合金基体上涂覆一层难熔金属化合物,涂层刀具表面硬度高!耐磨性好,其基体又有良好的抗弯强度和韧性,涂层硬质合金刀具寿命可提高 1-3 倍,涂层高速钢刀具寿命可提高 1.5-10 倍。涂层刀具可以进行干切削,即无需在加工中使
5、用切削液,从而节省资源,节约材料,降低能耗,减少排放,减轻对人及周围环境的污染,实现机械加工过程的绿色化,干式加工对刀具材料要求很高,它要求材料要具有很高的红硬性和热韧性,良好的耐磨性!耐热冲击和抗粘结性,现在立方氮化硼(CBN)!聚晶金刚石(PCD)!超细晶粒硬质合金等超硬材料已经广泛应用于干切削。实验表明,干式切削理想的条件应该是在高速切削条件下进行,这样可以减少传到工件!刀具和机床上的热量。经过大量的研究,高速钢和硬质合金经过 PVD!CVD 涂层处理后也可以用于干切削,且成本较立方氮化硼(CBN)!聚晶金刚石(PCD)!超细晶粒硬质合金等超硬材料要低。实验表明,在加工铝硅合金和淬火钢中
6、,涂层刀具与未涂层刀具相比寿命有大幅度提高。关键词:涂层材料；涂层刀具；切削性能；刀具寿命刀具涂层技术理论研究- 2 -AbstractMachinery manufacturing,one of the most important components of manufacturing,bears the mission to provide machineries and equipments for each department of the national economy.The pace of modernization of our country depends mainl
7、y on the development of machinery manufacturing industry.Therefore,from this sense,the machinery manufacturing industry 15 related to the development of the country .Among the ways of Machinery Manufacturing Processing,material Removal processing has been widely used because of its high precision,be
8、tter surface quality and Intense self-adapting. Material removal processing can be divided into cutting processing and some special processing.Cutting processing, Which is to cut the extra material from the workpiece with tools, requires the hardness of cutting tools much higher than the workpiece.
9、Currently the main material utilized in the production of cutting tools is high-speed steel and hard alloy. High-speed steel is of high strength than good toughness, but the hardness and wear resistance are worse than hard alloy: hard alloy is of good hardness and wear resistance, but the strength a
10、nd toughness are worse than the high-speed steel. The coating tool ,the substrate of high-speed steel or hard alloy coated with a layer of refractory metal compounds, 15 of hard surface, good wear resistance and its matrix has good bending strength and toughness. The lifetime of coated hard alloy To
11、ol can be increased by l-3 times, while Coated High-speed Tool can be increased from 1.5to10times.Coated cutting tool can do dry cutting,that15, without of cutting fluid in processing, thereby can save resources, save material,reduce energy consumption, drain contamination,and pollution to the surro
12、unding and achieve the friendly Machining process.Dry-type processing,high demanding of the material of tool,requires materials to be of high red hardness and toughness of hot, good wear resistance,thermal shock and anti-caking. Now super-hard materials such as Cube Boron Nitride(CBN), polycrystalline diamond(PCD)and ultra-fine grained cement carbide have been Widely used in dry cutting.The experimental results show that the ideal condition of dry cutting is High-speed cutting, which can reduce the spread of the heat on the workpieces,tools and machine tools. Many studies reve
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