1、.初中英语语法： 动词八种时态、被动语态详解练习及答案：一、初中英语被动语态用法小结1一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变
2、化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amis/arespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bri
3、dge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中
4、的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。We can repair thi
5、s watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV .被动语态同步达标练习】 .单项选择(选自各地中考题)( )1 .The medicine_in
6、 a dry and cool place .(2000年重庆市中考题)A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep( )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must_down too many trees . (2001年安徽省中考题)A .stop to out B .stop from cuttingC .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting( )5 .The key _ for locking the classro
7、om door . (2001年广西省中考题)A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use( )6 .A new school_over there in two years . (2001年四川省中考题)A .may build B .may be built C .is built( )8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can_sending e-mail .(电子邮件) (2001年苏州市中考题)A .use for B .be used of C .be used for D .use of(
8、)9 .What a nice garden !It_every day . (2000年武汉市中考题 )A .is cleaning B .has cleaned C .must clean D .is cleaned( )10 .This work _next week . (2000年广西省中考题)A .may finish B .finish C .finishes D .may be finished( )11 .My house_in 1995 .We have lived there for nearly five years . (2000年广西省中考题)A .was buil
9、t B .has built C .is built D .were built( )12 .The lost boy_early this morning . (2000年四川省中考题)A .found B .was founded C .was found D .founded( )13 .That white building_two years ago ,but it is quite old now . (2000年河北省中考题)A .built B .was built C .is built D .builds( )14 .The big tree_by my mother te
10、n years ago .(2000年甘肃省中考题)A .was planted B .planted C .has planted D .was planting【综合能力训练】 .用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。1 .English_widely_(use) in the world .2 .These pictures must (keep) well .3 .She_(fall) ill last night ,and she_(take) to the hospital at once .4 .Now rice and wheat_(grow) in my hometown ,t
11、oo .Look !The crops_(grow) fast in the fields .5 .The Great Wall (know) all over the world .6 ._the street lights usually _(turn) on at seven in summer evening ?7 . _this kind of car_(produce) in Wuhan ?8 ._the doctor_(send) for last night ?9 .We used a teapot before the thermos_(invent) .10 .Three
12、children_(take) good care of by the nurse .11 .Some new houses_(build) by the villagers themselves .12 .What language _(speak) in Japan ?13 .The black bike_(buy) in that shop three days ago .14 .The doctor said Jim must _(operate) on at once .15 .The big tree_(blow) down in the storm last night .【创新
13、备考训练】 .将下列主动语态改为被动语态。1 .You neednt do it now .2 .You must finish your homework now .3 .We can do the work today .8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .9 .Yesterday we played football after school .10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall .11 .He often helps his brother .一般现在时1) 描述当前时间内经常出现
14、、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我
15、每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family l
16、ove football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是没有时间概念的；也不会在意动作进行的状态。例如：The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by t
17、he west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today ,
18、 nowadays等等。 一般过去时主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before
19、yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。过去的时间概念有两层意思：一是指现在某个时间以前的时间；二是指说话、写文章的那个时间点以前的时间，在这个意义上，现在的那个时间点是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。-Wheres
20、 Jim? 吉姆在哪里？ -He just went out.他刚刚出去。一般将来时主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式这种表示方法主要是说明 A）“说话人的意图、打算”；B）“某种可能性”。例如：A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。Who
个人主页
