高考重点词汇辨析.pdf

1、专升本常见词汇辨析总结常见动词辨析：1. 击，打： hit, beat, defeat, strike 单词 含义 例句hit 打中或对准某一点打 (一次击打 ) hit sb. on the head beat 连续的敲击 The raining is beating against the widow. defeat 打败某人或集体 (强调结果 ) We defeated the enemy. strike 用木棒石头等打；打动（抽象意义） I was struck by her beauty. 2. 穿： dress, put on, wear, have on 单词 含义 例句dres

2、s dress sb.+in； be dressed in She was dressed in red. put on 穿上，强调动作 Put on your coat when you go out. wear 穿着，带着，强调状态佩戴首饰、眼镜等He seldom wears a watch. have on 强调状态，一般不用现在分词和被动语态He always has dark glasses on. 3. 适合： suit, match, fit 单词 含义 例句suit 花色、款式适合，或与气质、身材等相称This dress doesnt suit me. Have you g

3、ot another style? match 搭配合适，性质相符 The color of the shirt doesn t match that of the tie.fit fit 尺寸、大小、形状合适 The key doesn t fit the lock.4. 花费： take, spend, cost, pay 单词 含义 例句take It takes sb.+time+to do sth. 做某事需要 , 时间It took me 15 minutes to finish this job. spend Sb.spend(s) +time/money+(in) doing

4、sth. I spent 15 minutes doing this work. cost sth. cost(s) +sb.+money 某物花费了某人 , 钱This book cost me 8 dollars. pay pay sb. pay(s) +money+forsth. I paid 8 dollars for this book. 5. 参加 : attend, join, join in, take part in, enter for 单词 含义 例句attend 参加婚礼、会议、上课、听报告等 attend a meeting join =become a member

5、 of 加入某个团体或组织join the students union join in 参加某项活动 join in the discussion take part in take part in 参加群众性活动，强调在该项活动 take part insocial activities 中发挥了一定作用enter for 报名参加某项比赛或考试 enter for the race 6. 毁坏： damage/destroy/ruin 单词 含义 例句damage 价值、用途降低或外表损坏 My house was damaged in the heavy rain. destroy 彻

6、底毁坏，很难修复 The big fire destroyed the little town. ruin 逐渐毁掉，常含比喻的隐含意义 My breakfast was ruined by what you said. 7. 发现： find, find out, discover, invent 单词 含义 例句find 侧重发现的结果 He finally found his key. find out 经过研究或询问查明某事或真相 I will find out what happened. discover 偶然或经过努力发现原来存在但不为人所知的事物The scientists c

7、an discover more secrets of the universe. invent 运用智慧发明新事物 Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. 8. 改变： change, alter, vary, turn 单词 含义 例句change 翻天覆地大变化， 变得与原物完全不同 I have changed my mind. alter 局部的、外表的变化，本质不变 This dress need altering a little. vary 一系列变化， 强调种类多样， 连续变化 Customs vary with the times. t

8、urn 变成，强调变化的结果 In this cartoon fairy tale, a prince turns into a frog. 9 得到 : achieve, acquire, gain, obtain 单词 含义 例句achieve 由于努力，克服困难后达到目标 Achieve one s goalacquire 经过努力获得的知识、技术等抽象东西，或养成习惯等acquire a bad habit gain 通过竞争或战争，历尽艰幸获得有价值的东西No pains, no gains. obtain 通过乞求或长时间付出代价得到渴望的东西obtain employment 1

9、0.要求： request, require, demand 单词 含义 例句request 有礼貌的请求；正式的请求 Many people requested another song. require 要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求All passengers are required to show their tickets. demand 主观要求，坚决或强烈要求 They are demanding higher wages. 单词 用法request request sb. to do sth. request that sb. should do s

10、th. require require sb. to do sth. require that sb. should do sth. require doing=require to be done demand demand to do sth. demand that sb. should do sth. 11.separate, divide 单词 含义 用法separate 把 , 从 , 中分离出来 (把原来是一个整体的，或靠近的东西分离出来 ) separate, from,divide 把 , 分成, (把一个整体分成若干部分） divide, into ,12. 发生 : ta

11、ke place, happen, occur, come about, break out 单词 含义 例句take place 按照安排，有计划地发生、举行 The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. happen 偶然或突发事件的发生 I happened to see a car accident. occur 发生 , 突然想到 It occurs to me that ,come about 事情已经发生 , 但不知道原因 , 多用于否定和疑问I don t know what have come about. break ou

12、t 战争、疾病、灾难等的突然爆发 A fire broke out last night while we were sleeping. 14. 建议： advise, suggest, persuade 单词 含义 用法advise 建议 ,劝告 advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth. advise that sb. (should) do sth. advise = try to persuade suggest 建议 suggest to sb. suggest doing sth. suggest that sb. (should) do sth

13、. persuade 说服 ,劝服 (强调结果 ) persuade sb. To do sth. persuade sb. into doing sth. persuade sb. out of doing sth. 15. 看： glance, glare, glimpse, stare, peer, peep, gaze, gape 单词 含义 例句glance (粗略地，随便地 ) 一瞥 She gave him a quick glance and smiled. glare 怒目而视 They glared at each other after a big fight. glim

14、pse 一瞥，看一眼 I caught a glimpse of that girl. stare 盯着 (粗鲁无礼的 ) I told him not to stare at her; it s rude.peer 费力地看 She has to peer at things because of her short sight. peep 窥视，偷看 The mother peeped into the bedroom. gaze 凝视，目不转睛地看 He gazed at his beautiful bride. gape 吃惊地看着 The children gaped at the

15、dinosaur model in the museum. 16. 宣布： declare, announce, proclaim 单词 主语 宾语 场合declare 则既可以是权力机关或政府首脑，也可以是普通个人重要的决策、举措或意见 主要用于正式场合，也可用于非正式场合announce 公众关心的， 特别是具有新闻性的事件可以用于一般场合，也可用于官方正式公告proclaim 只能是权力机关或政府首脑指意义重大的事情 正式场合17. consist of/be made up of/be composed of 单词 用法 例句consist of 无被动，无进行时 Our team c

16、onsists of five doctors and two nurses. be made up of 被动形式，无进行时 Our life is made of choices. be composed of 被动形式，无进行时 Every substance is composed of very small particles called molecules. 18. 辨析： represent/stand for/on behalf of 单词 含义 例句stand for 代表；象征。侧重于用另外的东西代表或表示What does a yellow rose stand for

17、? on behalf of 代表 (某人或某组织 )；为了 , 的利益On behalf everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday. represent 指有代表性或象征性地描述或讲述This picture represents a storm at sea. 19. cross/across/over/through 单词 含义 例句cross 穿过；十字路口 Be careful when you cross the street. across 从一边到另一边， 从表面穿过；在 .对面Go across the bridge, yo

18、u will see a building. My house is across the Central Plaza. through 从内部穿过 The elephant cant go through the gate. over 从上空越过，翻越过去 climbed over the hill; jump over the desk The bird flew over the river. 20. rise, raise, arise, arouse 单词 含义 例句rise 不及物(rose, risen) 日月云雾烟热气， 物价河水温度计， 起床起立与起义皆由 rise 升上去。

19、The sun rose at seven o clock. The price is rising. Jane rose slowly from the chair. arise 不及物(arose, arisen) 多用于问题、 困难、 分歧等出现、由 .引起How did the quarel arise? Problems arose from the lack of communication. raise 及物(raised, raised) 招募、 募捐、 饲养、 养育、提高、举起用 raise Salaries have now been raised. They perfor

20、m to raise money for the poor. arouse 及物(aroused, 同 ) 唤起 (兴趣、同情心等 )、唤醒某人He fell asleep. Don t arouse him. The lecture aroused my interest. 练习：(1) He _and walked downstairs. (2) They _glasses to their friendship. (3) Steam is _from the kettle. (4) They have _up to 20,000 yuan for the Hope Project. (5

21、) When the question_, no now could solve it. 答案： (1) rose (2) raised (3) rising (4) raised (5) arose 21. refuse/deny/reject/decline 单词 含义 用法deny 否认 (某事的真实性 ) +n./ 代词 / 动名词 /that 从句拒绝给予某人想要的东西 deny sb sth. refuse 坚决地、不客气地拒绝 +n./ 代词 / 不定式reject 拒绝、驳回 (正式、语气更强 ) +n./ 代词 / 动名词decline 婉言拒绝、 谢绝 refuse pol

22、itely Eg. She refuse to help me. He denied what he had done. Don t deny yourself pleasure. 不要有乐不享。练习：(1) Are you still mad at her? Not really, but I can t _ that her remarks hurt me. A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline (2)She _my invitation because of a previous appointment. A. refused B. decline

23、d C. deny D. reject (3)The soldiers were put into prison because they_to obey orders. A. rejected B. declined C. objected D. refused 22. desire/hope/want/wish 单词 含义 例句desire 指由于愿望强烈而迫切希望、渴望I desire to see you. 我很想见到你。He desires success. 他渴望成功。hope 指希望某人有一个良好的结果， 而且这种希望是可能得到满足的I hope to be a doctor.

24、I hope that she will recover soon. wish 常表示难以实现的愿望， 所以其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气I wish to be a millionaire. I wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。I wish that I would fly to the moon one day. I wish you success. 祝你成功。搭配： desire to do sth. desire sth. hope to do sth. hope +that 从句wish to do sth. wish sb to do sth. wish th

25、at + 虚拟语气 wish sb sth. ( 跟双宾语 ) 23. hurt, wound, injure 单词 含义 例句hurt 使人的肉体受伤而疼痛，或伤了人的自尊心或感情。Mary hurt herself when she fell over. Thatll hurt her feeling. harm 对身体或精神上的伤害，常指伤害人的肉体、身心健康、事业等。Overdrinking will harm your stomach. Those fairy tales won t harm our students. wound 一般指严重的外伤， 主要指在战场上受伤，作 vt.

26、 ，宾语是人，而不是受伤部位。He got wounded in the war. The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.injure 一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。 Tom injured his leg in a skating accident.注意： wound n. 创伤；伤口 v. 伤，伤害 wounded adj. 负伤的，受了伤（害）的injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的常见名词辨析：1.标记： sign, signal, symbol, mark 单词 含义 例句sign 符号、招牌、征兆，代表固定意义的符号或标记Raising

27、a finger to the lips is a sign for silence. signal 信号，被用作交通、通讯的指示或传递消息的一种手势或声音、光等The traffic signal turns to green. symbol 记号或象征，尤其指用有形实物代表抽象的实体What is the chemical symbol for copper? mark 斑点、标记、刻度 ,为某一特定目的而做的标记或有意无意留下的痕迹a burn/scratch mark 2. 道路，入口： way, means, method, manner, approach 单词 含义 例句way

28、方式，方法 (普通用词 ) I ll answer your question in another way.means 实现目的的任何手段，或使用交通工具的方式。The money wasn t earned by honest means. method 指有条理的，系统的办法，特别指新的办法。Have you tried the new method? the proper method of brushing teeth manner 特殊的或怪异的方式、方法 Why are you talking in such a strange manner? approach 解决一特定问题的

29、方法，尤其是经过深思熟虑的方法I don t like her approach to the problem. 搭配：way to do/of doing ，前面接 in(He did this in this way. ) method of ，前面接 with(He earns money with the method of stealing money.) by means of(He went to school by means of taking a bus.) approach to n. /doing(the approach to the question) access

30、 (接近或进入某地的 )方法、通道 The only access to the farm house is across the field. (使用某物或接近某人的 )机会或权利Students must have access to good libraryapproach 接近，靠近 When I approached, they grew silent. 解决一特定问题的方法，尤其是经过深思熟虑的方法Have you found a correct approach to the subject？3. 习惯 : tradition, habit, custom, practice 单

31、词 含义 例句tradition 传统， 长时间形成并能传递给下一代的习惯cultural tradition 文化传统habit 个人长期养成的生活习惯或癖好 He has a bad habit of smoking. custom 风俗习惯， 一批人按照一定规律做的事情。It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. practice 惯例， 医生律师等职业人员的从业习惯It s his practice to read a book every week.4. 事情，事件： affair, a

32、ccident, incident, event 单词 含义 例句event 重大事件或活动affair 外交事件或公众关注的事件matter “事情”，普通用语，日常事务incident 政治事件或发生令人讨厌的不寻常的事accident 意外的事5. 风景，景色 : view, scene, scenery, sight 单词 含义 例句scene 情景、场面等，指某处小范围的景色 , 大多包括景物中的人及活动，为可数名词scenery 景色、风景 (是总称 )，为不可数名词view 指以一定的角度 (从远处或高处 )所看到的景色，还有观点、看法的意思sight 眼睛所看到的美丽风景或悲惨

33、景象，其复数 sights 表示名胜古迹，人文景观等6. 位置 , 条件 : situation, position, condition 单词 含义 例句situation 侧重形式和环境 in a dangerous situation position 侧重方位和位置 ; 处境 take up a position in the union condition 条件 necessary condition Situation: The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs. Position:

34、 A place or location; Social standing or status; rank. Condition: A restricting or modifying factor. 7. 薪水，收入 : salary, pay, wage, income 单词 含义 例句salary 按月发的薪水， 领取薪水者通常是经过培训而具有特殊技能或专门知识的人。可数或不可数The lawyer was paid a huge salary. pay 因某项工作而获得的报酬，为不可数 Your thanks are pay enough. wage 一般指按星期甚至按天发的工资， 领

35、取工资者通常是做体力劳动的人。The low wage had warmed the worker to strike. income (定期 )收入，所得 (报酬 )，投资的收益。 Tourism is a major source of income for the country. salary: money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month. pay:

36、the money that sb. gets for doing regular work. wage: a regular amount of money that you earn, usually every week, for work or services. income: the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. earns from work, from investing money from business. 8. 伤害 : hurt, wound, injury 单词 含义 例句hurt 可指精神上或肉体上的

37、伤害 ,疼痛 You hurt my feelings. wound 刀枪所伤，或特指战场上受的伤 The soldier got a wound in a battle. injury 意外 (火灾 ,车祸 )中受伤；精神或财产的损害；强调身体功能的缺失。back injury 9. result/consequence/effect/outcome 单词 含义 例句result 普通用语，指直接或间接、近因或远因所引起的结果The students are anxious to know the result of the entrance examination. consequence

38、 指自然而然的或当然的结果 If you behave so foolishly, be ready to bear the consequence. effect 严格强调因果关系， 指和 cause直接相对应的结果They are invesgating the cause of the accident. outcome 强调事件的特有的结局，表示终的结果The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 10. jewel 和 jewelery(jewellery) 单词 含义 例句jewel “珠宝，首饰”，为可 I wondered whe

39、re he got all those jewels. He 数名词 , jewels 为其复数。must have knocked them over. jewelery (jewellery) “珠宝”的总称，不能变复数。Jane always love beautiful clothes and jewelery but in fact she is big hat, no cattle. 11. power/energy/force/strength 单词 含义power 权力、 职权， 人工开发出的动力，如“电源、电力”等energy 物理学上的 “热量、 能量” ; 自然界的 “能

40、源” ， 人的 “精力”force 物理学中的“力”；也指“武力、暴力”strength 体力， 是内部的能力， 是在身体内存在的体力； 还有 “优势，长处”之意12. state/situation/circumstance 单词 含义state “情况、状态”，其存在形式并不是具体事物。普通用语situation 指危急或重大的事态，侧重“事态”。circumstance 指某种事件或动作发生时的情况，一般都用复数形式。常见形容词辨析：1. common/general/normal/ordinary/usual 单词 含义 例句common 共同的 , 常见的反义： rare commo

41、n sense(常识 ) ordinary 普通的 , 平凡的反义： superior an ordinary looking person usual 通常的 , 习惯的反义： unusual He arrived later than usual. normal 正常的，常规的反义： abnormal normal temperature general 总体上的反义： specific the general idea 2. lonely/alone 单词 含义 例句lonely 强调主观上的“孤独感” I am alone, but I don t feel lonely. alone

42、 强调客观上的“一个人”3. 值 : worth, worthy, worthwhile 单词 含义 例句worth be worth + n. be worth doing The book is worth 180 yuan. The novel is worth reading a second time. worthy be worthy of sth. be worthy of being done be worthy to be done It is worthy of our efforts. The novel is worthy to be read a second tim

43、e. = The novel is worthy of being read. worthwhile It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.It is worthwhile learning a foreign language. = It is worthwhile to learn a foreign language. 4. specific/particular/especial/special 单词 含义specific 指某种事物的唯一性、奇异性，特种的 (生物学 )，特效的 (医学 ) particular 侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性e

44、special 尤其，特别，指有意把所修饰的人或物突出到显眼或例外的程度special 指与众不同，着重事物的专门性、目的性常见短语辨析：1. 辨析： the first time 和 for the first time (1) I was struck by her beauty _ I met her. (2) I m not familiar with her. I met her _ .for the first time: 做状语 the first time: 做连词，引导时间状语从句2. 辨析： rather than 和 other than 单词 含义 例句other th

45、an 除了 I have nothing to do other than waiting for you. rather than 而不是；宁愿 , 而不愿, I think Jack, rather than you, is to be blame. or rather 更确切地说 I am learning English. Or rather, I am learning how to learn English. 3. 辨析： in charge of/ in the charge of 单词 含义 例句in charge of “负责，主管”表示主动 Class Five is i

46、n the charge of Miss Li; that is to say, Miss Li is in charge of Class Five. in the charge of “由 , 管理”表示被动4. in return/in turn/by turns 单词 含义 例句in return 作为回报 /回应 I sent him a present in return for his help. in turn 依次， 轮流 (按着一定的顺序进行 ) The students clean the classroom everyday in turn. by turns 轮流 (交替 ) Many young people will host such parties by turns.