1、PA P E RM AY 2 02 2T ECH N OLOGY AND PU BL IC PU R POSE PR OJEC TThe Economic Consequences and Generational Impact of the Digital DivideFrancella Ochillo群内每日免费分享5份+最新资料 群内每日免费分享5份+最新资料 300T网盘资源+4040万份行业报告为您的创业、职场、商业、投资、亲子、网赚、艺术、健身、心理、个人成长 全面赋能！添加微信：xxyg_weixxyg_wei备注“入群”立刻免费领取 立刻免费领取 200套知识地图+最新研报收钱
2、文案、增长黑客、产品运营、品牌企划、营销战略、办公软件、会计财务、广告设计、摄影修图、视频剪辑、直播带货、电商运营、投资理财、汽车房产、餐饮烹饪、职场经验、演讲口才、风水命理、心理思维、恋爱情趣、美妆护肤、健身瘦身、格斗搏击、漫画手绘、声乐训练、自媒体打造、效率软件工具、游戏影音扫码先加好友，以备不时之需扫码先加好友，以备不时之需行业报告/思维导图/电子书/资讯情报行业报告/思维导图/电子书/资讯情报致终身学习者社群致终身学习者社群关注公众号获取更多资料关注公众号获取更多资料Technology and Public Purpose Project BelferCenter for Scien
3、ce and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138belfercenter.org/project/technology-and-public-purposeStatements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the author(s) and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, or th
4、e Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.Copyright 2022, President and Fellows of Harvard CollegePA P E RM AY 2 02 2T ECH N OLOGY AND PU BL IC PU R POSE PR OJEC TThe Economic Consequences and Generational Impact of the Digital DivideFrancella OchilloiiThe Economic Consequences and Gener
5、ational Impact of the Digital DivideAbout the Technology and Public Purpose Project (TAPP)The arc of innovative progress has reached an inflection point. It is our responsibility to ensure it bends towards public good.Technological change has brought immeasurable benefits to billions through improve
6、d health, productivity, and convenience. Yet as recent events have shown, unless we actively manage their risks to society, new technologies may also bring unforeseen destructiveconsequences.Making technological change positive for all isthe critical challenge of our time. We ourselves - not only th
7、e logic of discovery and market forces - must manage it. To create a future where technology serves humanity as a whole and where public purpose drives innovation, we need a new approach.Founded by Belfer Center Director, MIT Innovation Fellow, and former U.S. Secretary of Defense Ash Carter, the TA
8、PP Projectworks to ensure that emerging technologies are developed and managed in ways that serve the overall public good. TAPP Project Principles:1. Technologys advance is inevitable, and it often brings with it much progress for some. Yet, progress for all is not guaranteed. We have an obligation
9、to foresee the dilemmas presented by emerging technology and to generate solutions to them. 2. There is no silver bullet; effective solutions to technology-induced public dilemmas require a mix of government regulation and tech-sector self-governance. The right mix can only result from strong and tr
10、usted linkages between the tech sector and government. 3. Ensuring a future where public purpose drives innovation requires the next generation of tech leaders to act; we must train and inspire them to implement sustainable solutions and carry the torch. iiiBelfer Center for Science and Internationa
11、l Affairs | Harvard Kennedy SchoolAbout the Author Francella Ochillo Francella Ochillo is an attorney and nonprofit executive whose work underscores how widespread broadband access and adoption can improve economic resilience, educational outcomes, the ability to age in place, and pathways for parti
12、cipating in democracy. She is a long-time public interest advocate and leads a nonprofit organization devoted to helping local officials achieve their communitys connectivity goals. Through Federal Communications Commission working groups, Congressional testimony, and local, state, and federal level
13、 proceedings, Francella provides expertise on how government policies and industry practices affect societal infrastructure, particularly for underrepresented populations.This report is a product of the Technology and Public Purpose Fellowship, a program housed in Harvard Kennedy Schools Belfer Cent
14、er, which provided a platform for Francella to examine how digital inequities reinforce income inequality and contribute to the separation of wealth. She is grateful for student research assistance from Catherine Darin and the unequivocal support of TAPPs leadership team.ivThe Economic Consequences
15、and Generational Impact of the Digital DivideResearch Findings While universal service principles from the telephone era provided a necessary framework for universal broadband goals, monopolistic practices and lopsided power dynamics that shaped telephone industry regulations also laid the foundatio
16、n for limited competition and corporate-centered policies in the broadband marketplace. An influx of broadband funding will not cure the root causes of widespread digital inequities if many of the regulatory policies and industry practices that gave rise to the digital divide remain unchanged. Addit
17、ionally, closing deep-rooted digital divides could cost an estimated $175 billion more than the broadband funding allotted in the historic Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and other federal programs, further intensifying the need to invest public funds in strategic and sustainable ways. A digi
18、tally equitable ecosystem in which all Americans can leverage the benefits of technology requires public and private cooperation buttressed by consumer-focused public policies from federal, state, and local government entities. The digital divide is far more expansive than what is depicted in curren
19、t broadband access data. Using binary measurements for a multi-dimensional problem blurs pictures of digital inequality and reduces the effectiveness of public and private interventions. Persistent digital inequities exacerbate other societal inequalities which, combined, cause a ripple effect in lo
20、cal and state economies. They also hobble domestic productivity and competitiveness while increasing the cost of public service delivery nationwide. An analysis of broadband access and adoption rates in the richest and poorest states shows a direct correlation between low-income status and the lack
21、of adoption. The race and income levels of disconnected populations were remarkably similar regardless of geography. vBelfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy School Low- and middle-income Americans have significant limitations on increasing earning power and developing
22、the net assets needed to create intergenerational wealth. Increasing opportunities for digital citizenship improves prospects for higher education, economic mobility, and healthcare while boosting agility in a rapidly changing digital economy. The social return on public investments in digital equit
23、y is evidenced, for instance, by increases in healthcare options, workforce participation, productivity, and competition. Further, a highly connected populace introduces new communication channels for disenfranchised Americans to access information, financial inclusion, and community-building opport
24、unities to which some have historically been denied. The U.S. has a long history of investing in science and technology to boost economic growth and mitigate harm. In addition to developing public policies that center the high-speed connectivity needs of today and tomorrow, investing in digital equi
25、ty would exponentially boost economic opportunities and create cost savings for generations to come.viiBelfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy SchoolTable of ContentsIntroduction .viIntricacies Of The Digital Divide . 1The Digital Divide Is As Old As The Internets Publi
26、c Debut .3Examining The Roots of Digital Inequities .6The Economic Impact of The Digital Divide .10Digital Inclusion is a Prerequisite for Economic Inclusion .12Digital Inequality Impacts Earning Power and Net Assets .14Broadband Is Critical for Economic Mobility .16Ripple Effect in Communities .17T
27、rends in the Ten Richest and Ten Poorest States .18Lost Productivity and Wealth Nationwide .22Recommendations and Potential Solutions .241. Broadband policies must be laser-focused on enabling all U.S. residents to benefit from high-speed technologies. .262. A binary measurement of who does and does
28、 not have broadband access will never be able to capture the contours of the digital divide. .283. Income inequality is made worse by continual gaps in broadband access and adoption. .294. Longitudinal studies on the cost of digital inequities would not only help to improve public policy solutions b
29、ut would also provide essential documentation of why digital citizenship is a determinant of social and economic wellness. .305. The societal benefits of digital equity investments include those that can be quantified on a balance sheet and many that cannot. .316. The U.S. has a long history of inve
30、sting in technology to boost economic growth and mitigate harm. .32Conclusion .34Appendix .36viiiThe Economic Consequences and Generational Impact of the Digital DivideIntroductionHistory has its eyes on us.1 Years from now, what was and was not attempted to address the digital divide will not only
31、be remembered but will also be memorialized in code. Americans who perpetually struggle with the ability to get online continually lag behind their connected counterparts in earning power, lifelong learning, healthcare options, and political clout. Meanwhile, those with reliable high-speed internet
32、access, digital dexterity, and ready access to computing devices will continue to produce some of the most influential digital architects of our time as they enjoy unmatched opportunities for well-being, longevity, and wealth.Digital inequities allow the digital divide to thrive in the most under-re
33、sourced communities. Proof of inequity rarely surfaces in isolation and has a compound effect by multiplying the impact of disadvantage. By the time a household is labeled as being on the wrong side of the digital divide, its residents have already missed out on the benefits of a digital economy and
34、 experienced socioeconomic consequences that transcend household walls.In examining the ten highest and lowest median income states, data show that the populations struggling with connectivity are remarkably similar. Poverty tends to be a root problem for households that live in close proximity to d
35、igital infrastructure but cannot afford to maintain broadband subscriptions throughout the year. Approximately 50% of Indigenous residents living on tribal lands still do not have baseline broadband access or a computing device at home to get online.2 Black and Brown households in high- and low-inco
36、me states consistently trail behind their White counterparts in broadband adoption rates, a statistic made worse by them being twice as likely to have canceled broadband service at home due to the financial strain of the pandemic.3This research was designed to explore three primary questions. First,
37、 is there a predominant race and socioeconomic class of the populations most frequently impacted by the digital divide? Second, does the digital divide impose a collective cost that is shared with digitally disadvantaged and connected households? Third, should investing in digital equity be a nation
38、al priority? The analysis documents why the answer to all three of those questions is a resounding yes. 1 “History Has Its Eyes on You,” Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation, January 30, 2022), https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_Has_Its_Eyes_on_You.2 Chase DiBenedetto, “Indigenous Communities Built The
39、ir Own Internet. Heres How.,” Mashable, October 29, 2021, https:/ Emily Vogels et al., “53% Of Americans Say the Internet Has Been Essential during the COVID-19 Outbreak” (Pew Research Center, April 30, 2020), https:/www.pewresearch.org/internet/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2020/04/PI_2020.04.30_COVID
40、internet_REPORT.pdf.ixBelfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy SchoolEven though the recommendations in this report primarily focus on the effect of public policy decisions or inaction coupled with marketplace dynamics, there is an implicit call for both public and priva
41、te entities to examine how their roles including strategic silence have contributed to digital inequality. Public policy changes are only ceremonial without confronting the underbelly of how technology and telecommunications regulations are made. Moreover, permanently eliminating digital divides nec
42、essitates deliberate reflection on whose voices and stories actually inform remedies, which can differ from those that policy proposals are purported to help.Clearly, the consequences of the digital divide go far beyond the estimated nineteen million households that do not have a single household on
43、 their census block that can subscribe to broadband service.4 The economic impact of persistent digital inequities, which also exacerbate other societal inequalities, causes a ripple effect in local and state economies in addition to hobbling domestic productivity and competitiveness. Separate but r
44、elated, when unequal access to financial resources plays such a central role in building assets and transmitting intergenerational wealth, ensuring that all Americans, particularly those trapped in cycles of poverty, have reliable access to a known economic enabler is essential, especially when it i
45、mproves agility in a rapidly changing digital economy.5 There is a direct correlation between the digital divide and income inequality. For digital citizens those with ready access to broadband connections, computing devices, digital skills, and the ability to contribute to a digital society technol
46、ogy accelerates earning power and career opportunities. Both are critical for transforming income into wealth. Conversely, those with marginal to no connectivity have significantly different economic outcomes and frequently rely on manual labor or jobs that pay lower wages.Benchmarks of connectivity
47、 will continue to evolve with innovation. Unless public policy strategies recognize the digital divide as a dynamic, multi-dimensional problem that demands sustainable solutions for access and adoption challenges, it will be impossible to contain the economic fallout. The consequences limit educatio
48、n, economic development, wellness outcomes, government service delivery options, access to emergency services, civic engagement, and more for the digitally disadvantaged. These vulnerabilities warrant thoughtful, long-term interventions that meet the enormity of the problem. 4 “FCC Annual Broadband
49、Report Shows Digital Divide Is Rapidly Closing,” Federal Communications Commission, January 19, 2021, https:/www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-annual-broadband-report-shows-digital-divide-rapidly-closing.5 John Jerrim and Lindsey Macmillan, “Income Inequality, Intergenerational Mobility, and the Great Gatsby
50、 Curve: Is Education the Key?,” Social Forces 94, no. 2 (September 2015): pp. 505-533, https:/doi.org/10.1093/sf/sov075.xThe Economic Consequences and Generational Impact of the Digital DivideAdobe Stock Image1Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy SchoolIntricacies Of
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