1、RJ语法专题词法和句法考点解读实战演练教师备用习题专题5介词考点解读1.2018全国卷IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasIdbeenobserving.高考链接答案for考查介词。searchfor为固定搭配,意为“寻找”。考点解读2.2017全国卷Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.答案in考查介词。getadegreein是固定搭配,意为“在方面获得学位
2、”。考点解读3.2016天津卷Itoldhersheshouldntswimawholenightscoughing,butsherefusedtogiveupandinsistedshego.答案after考查介词。句意:我告诉她,她咳嗽了一整晚以后不应该再去游泳了,但是她拒绝放弃,选择坚持。after在之后。考点解读4.2016四川卷Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandamorethantwoyears.答案for考查介词。在时间段前用for,表示“一段时间”。考点解读5.2016浙江卷自选模块ThanksRobin,Ivefoundthecour
3、agetobelieveinmyselfasIgooutintotheworldonmyown.答案to考查介词。thanksto是固定结构,意为“幸亏,由于”。考点归纳考点一介词的基本用法常用介词(短语)如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,outof,across等含义较多,应全面把握。规则1 against有“违背,违逆;反对;对不利;倚;靠;碰撞;预防;衬托”之意。Vacationshelpusperformbetteratwork,improveoursleepqualityandcushionusagainstdepression.假期帮助我们在工作中
4、表现得更好,提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。考点解读考点归纳规则2 beyond可表示范围、限度,意为“超出,为所不及”。“Icometothankyou,”shesaid,surprisingmebeyondspeech.她说:“我是来感谢你的。”这让我惊讶得说不出话来。温馨提示 beyondwords/description/imagination/belief/onesreach/onescontrol,意为“无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/想象不出来/无法相信/够不着/无法控制”。考点解读考点归纳规则3 by可表示程度或增减的幅度,还可作“按;以计;依据”讲。AsfarasIknow,w
5、orkersaregenerallypaidbythemonth.据我所知,工人们的工资通常按月来付。规则4 for有“就而言;对来说;给,对;关于”之意。Thebiggestconcernformostofusisthequalityofpubliceducation.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。考点解读考点归纳规则5 off有“离开;偏离”之意。Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwentofftheroad.她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。规则6 across有“横跨”之意。Doyouthinkthisshirtisto
6、otightacrosstheshoulders?你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了?考点解读考点归纳规则7 on/upon有“刚就;一就”之意,后接名词或动词-ing形式。Upongraduation,CharlottereturnedtoMontrealandsetupaprivateclinic.夏洛特一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔,开了一家私人诊所。规则8 over可表示时间,意为“在期间;直到结束”。Talkswiththeteachersunionovertheweekendhaveavertedastrike.周末与教师工会的谈判避免了一场罢工。考点解读考点归纳Overcoffee
7、,shelitacigarette,hereyesdaringhimtocomment.喝咖啡时,她点燃了一支烟,用挑衅的眼神看着他,谅他也不敢吭声。规则9 within可表示范围、程度,意为“在之内”。Thegovernmentwasdoingeverythingwithinitspowertohelpthevictims.政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。考点解读考点归纳规则 10 of表示“在范围内”。Theceasefireresolutioncallsforthereleaseofallprisonersofwar.停火决议要求释放所有战俘。Acommonmemorytheyallha
8、veoftheirschooldaysistheschooluniform.他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。考点解读考点归纳考点二介词的搭配规则1 与介词in搭配的常用短语inaway在某种程度上innoway没门intheway挡住道路invain徒劳ingeneral通常,大体上indetail详细地inturn轮流inreturn作为回报inneed需要intime迟早;及时考点解读考点归纳规则2 与outof搭配的常用短语outofdate/time过时/过期outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不可能outofshape变形outoffashion不
9、流行outoforder出了故障outofreach遥不可及考点解读考点归纳规则3 “in+名词+of”常用搭配inhonourof为纪念inchargeof负责;掌管intermsof依据;就而言inpraiseof赞扬infavourof支持;赞同inneedof需要考点解读考点归纳规则4 与介词at搭配的常用短语atnotime决不atatime一次/每次atonetime一度/曾经attimes不时地/有时atonesrequest应某人的要求ataloss不知所措考点解读考点归纳规则5 其他常考短语onbehalfof代表bychance/accident偶然afterall毕竟;别
10、忘了regardlessof不管,不顾onthewhole总的来说onthecontrary相反考点解读实战演练.单句填空1.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,ourincomehasincreased10%inlessthanayear.答案by句意:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增加了10%。increaseby表示“增加了”。实战演练2.ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdonthaveenoughmoneyme.答案with句意:这本词典正好是我想要的那本,可是我没带够钱。with在此表示“有,带有”。实战演练3.theend
11、,theyoungmenfoundthatworkinghardistrulyatreasureinitself.答案In句意:最后,年轻人发现努力工作本身真的是一种财富。intheend意为“最后”,符合句意。实战演练4.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomeanimalsbothonlandandinthesea?答案to句意:你听说过作为陆地上和海洋里的动物的栖息地的树吗?behometo意为“是的栖息地”,为固定短语。实战演练5.Atthebadnews,thewomanputherhandshereyesandcriedout.答案over句意:听
12、到这条坏消息,那位女士用手捂住眼睛哭了出来。over意为“覆盖”,符合句意。实战演练6.ImafraidphysicsiscompletelymeandIhavetoaskyouforhelp.答案beyondbeyondsb某人所不能及。实战演练7.Weneedtopreventpollutiondrivingcarslessanddevelopingrenewableenergy.答案by表示通过某种方式用by。句意:我们需要通过少开车和开发可再生能源来阻止污染。实战演练8.Thedictionaryisofdate:manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguages
13、inceitwaspublished.答案out句意:这本词典过时了,自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。outofdate意为“过时”。实战演练9.Thetalkswillfocuseconomicdevelopmentoftheregion.答案onfocus on致力于,使聚焦于。实战演练10.Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkerToysasatestthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.答案atatthebeginningof在开始。实
14、战演练11.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.答案about句意:在高中,我变得对电脑感兴趣,而且建立了我自己的第一个网站。becuriousabout对感到好奇。实战演练12.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneyacause.答案tocontributeto向捐献。实战演练13.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadv
15、antagetheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.答案of句意:父母应积极督促他们的孩子抓住机会加入运动队。takeadvantageof利用。实战演练14.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.short,hesreliable.答案In句意:那个年轻人诚实、配合,总是在你需要他的时候帮助你。总之,他很可靠。inshort总之。实战演练15.Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupinfluencethebasicprocessesbywhi
16、chweseetheworldaroundus.答案in句意:研究表明,我们成长的文化影响我们看待我们周围世界的基本过程。wegrowupin是定语从句,省略了引导词that/which,与culture搭配用in,故填介词in。实战演练.单句改错1.2017全国卷ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.答案on改为of考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”。inthemiddleof表示“在的中央”。实战演练2.2016全国卷Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichi
17、nashortperiodoftime.答案becoming前加of实战演练3.2016浙江卷Whiletheychatted,myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.答案in改为on实战演练4.2016全国卷NowIamleavinghometocollege.答案to改为for实战演练5.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.答案on改为in实战演练.语法填空China,whichtakesprideininventionsinancienttimes,hasonceagaindemonstratedit
18、s1.(able)tochangetheworldwithits“newfourgreatinventions”:high-speedrailways,electronicpayments,2.(share)bicyclesandonlineshopping.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的“新四大发明”:高速铁路、电子支付、共享自行车和网上购物,以及它们对人们生活的影响。1.ability考查名词。句意:以古代发明为傲的中国,再一次用“新四大发明”展示了它改变世界的能力。its后接名词形式,故填ability。2.shared考查过去分词作定语。此处指“被分享的自行车”,sha
19、re和bicycles之间是被动关系,故用shared作前置定语。实战演练The“newfourgreatinventions”areallrelated3.Chinashigh-techinnovation(创新),whichhasimprovedthequalityofpeopleslives.答案to考查介词。句意:“新四大发明”都与中国的高科技创新有关,这提高了人们的生活质量。berelatedto是固定词组,意为“与有关”。实战演练“Mywalletisnolongerinuse.Icanbuyandeatanything4.Iwantsimplywithatapofmyphone,
20、”saidLinJinlong,5.overseasChinesestudentfromCambodia,4.that考查定语从句。句意:我不再使用钱包了。我可以仅仅用手机一点就买和吃任何我想要的东西。此句是定语从句,先行词anything是不定代词,且从句缺少引导词和宾语,故用that引导定语从句。5.an考查冠词。句意:来自柬埔寨的一个海外华裔学生林金龙说。根据句意可知用不定冠词表示泛指意义;overseas以元音音素开始,故用不定冠词an修饰。实战演练6.(add)that“EvenpancakesellersareusingAlipay(mobilepayment).Wecanalso
21、orderfoodathome,whichissuperconvenient.IfI7.(be)athomeinCambodia,Iwouldhavetogooutdoors.”答案6.adding考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,由于add与LinJinlong之间是主动关系,故用现在分词adding作状语。7.were考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我在柬埔寨的家里,我就得去户外。if引导的条件状语从句中与现在事实相反的情况用一般过去时表示虚拟,如果是系动词be用were,故填were。实战演练Thebikesthemselvesarenotnew,buttheoperatingmodelo
22、fbike-sharingisbasedonsatellitenavigationsystem,mobilepayment,bigdataandotherhightechnologies.Itis8.(increase)clearthatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingWesternideas.答案increasingly考查副词。句意:越来越明显的是,中国正在创新,不再照搬西方的想法。这里用副词作状语,故填increasingly。实战演练ThisispartlybecauseChinaskippedoverthePCageandwentdirectly
23、tomobile.Chinahasthe9.(large)numberofmobileusersintheworld.答案largest考查形容词的最高级。句意:中国拥有世界上最大数量的手机用户。根据定冠词the可知用最高级largest。实战演练Intermsofthe“newfourgreatinventions”,CharlieDai,principalanalystofAmericanmarketresearchcompanyForrester,said,“Theseproductsandservices10.(improve)thecustomerexperiencesofar,im
24、provingnationalandglobaleconomyatthesametime.”答案haveimproved考查动词的时态。句意:这些产品和服务到目前为止改善了客户体验,同时改善了国家和全球经济。由时间状语sofar可知用现在完成时,句子主语theseproductsandservices是复数形式,故填haveimproved。教师备用习题误区之一 介词词义的误用(1)【误】Thebridgeontheriver,whichhasahistoryofnearly100years,isnowindangeroffallingdown.【正】Thebridgeovertheriver
25、,whichhasahistoryofnearly100years,isnowindangeroffallingdown.分析on改为over。over通常指“正对的上方”,表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置;on指线上或面上的接触点,仅在两个物体互相接触的情况下表示“在上面”。反面解读教师备用习题(2)【误】Inthosedays,wehadnophones,sowehadtokeepintouchwithwritingoften.【正】Inthosedays,wehadnophones,sowehadtokeepintouchbywritingoften.分析with改为by。此处用by表示方
26、式。bywriting意为“通过写信”。本题不是keepintouchwith的固定搭配。教师备用习题误区之二介词搭配的误用【误】Youshouldeatmorefruitandvegetables,whicharerichofvitamins.【正】Youshouldeatmorefruitandvegetables,whicharerichinvitamins.分析berichin是固定搭配,意为“富含”。根据语境可知把of改为in。教师备用习题误区之三介词的缺失错误【误】Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertol
27、eadyououtside.【正】Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaitforyourteachertoleadyououtside.分析waitfor是固定搭配,意为“等待”,由于其后有宾语yourteacher,故需要加介词for。教师备用习题误区之四介词的冗余错误【误】We,togetherwithourteacher,visitedalocalnursinghomeinlastweek.【正】We,togetherwithourteacher,visitedalocalnursinghomelastweek.分析lastweek本身就是一个完整的时间状语,其前面不要加in或on。
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