1、people better informed of the National Park System D)Helping preserve the cultural heritage 解题思路：选项 A)、C)、D)都是文章中提到过的服务内容，B)虽然也在文中出现，但是仔细看就会发现 molded this country是由 heroic men and women 发出的动作，而非 National Park System 提供的服务，所以 B)是正确答案。转折处与强对比处常考转折一般指由 however，but，yet ，in fact 等词引导的短语或句子，这些词前面往往是铺垫、介绍等
2、信息，后面常常是语义的重点，是作者真正感兴趣的焦点信息，是重要的命题点。强对比常由 unlike，until，however，but 等引导。命题模式如3下：文章中说 A 具有 x 属性，B 与 A 不同。问题是 B 有何属性? 答案为非 x 属性。如：3，Many people believe the glare from snow cause snow-blindnessYet，dark glasses or not，they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindnes
3、s, when exposed to several hours of“snow light”.Q：To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow，dark glasses are _.A) indispensable B)useful C)ineffective D)available解题思路：这一类题型，其连词（此处为转折词）后面的信息非常重要，往往就是答案所在。Yet 后面谈到不管用不用墨镜，人们都会头疼，流泪等，说明墨镜没什么效果，因此 C)是正确选项。例子常考由 as，su
4、ch as，for example，for instance 等引导的短语或句子通常是举例，例子一般是和文章或段落中心思想紧密相关，体现了“中心思想是解”这一原则。如：4， “Women s language” shows up in all level of EnglishFor example, women are encouraged and allowed to make far more precise discriminations in naming colors than men do. Words like mauve, beige, and so on, are unrem
5、arkable in a womans active vocabulary, but largely absent from that of most menQ：Women can make far more precise discriminations in naming colors than men do because _.A) women are mole intelligent than men B) women see a wider range of colors than men doC) women are encouraged and supposed to pay m
6、ore attention to fine discriminations of names than men doD) women intentionally learn more of this kind of knowledge to show they are equal to men in intelligence解题思路：选择项 A)、B)、D)都是对文章意思的胡诌，尤其 B)把原文中谈论的色彩的词汇偷换成了色彩本身，只有 C)符合文义，其内容就是 For example 后面内容的改写。最高级及绝对性词汇常考“must，all，only，anyone，always ，never”
7、等意义绝对的词或“first，most beautiful”等最高级往往是考题要点，一般出现在“细节性问题”中。为什么可能是考点呢?因为它们都有一个共同特点：概念绝对，答案惟一，无论是命题还是答题，不会产生歧义和疑问，因此容易命题，答案不会模棱两可。相反，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇，就难有惟一的答案。请大家琢磨这个例题：Some of the people chose red hats, some chose green hats, and others blue ones问题：What color hats did some people prefer? 因为其中 some 为相对概念，所以
8、就难有惟一正确的答案，答案就可能为 red, green 或 blue，这样评卷也难免没有困难。大家体会一下，其实命题也受诸多限制，要按照一个固定套路进行。如下面三个例子：5，When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might h
9、elp, at the store of purchases.Q：When a consumer finds that his purchase has fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _.A)complain personally to the manager B)threaten to take the matter to courtC)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD)show some written proof of the purcha
10、se to the store解题思路：上例原文出现了最高级或概念绝对的词语，如例 5 中 the first step，命题者根据这些词语稍做改变，如在题干中将例 5 改为 the first thing；对照问题和原文中出现这些词语的句子，就可以肯定地找出三个答案分别是 D) 专有名词常考包括人名、地名、或其他的专有名词。阅读文章前，先扫视一下文章后面问题中是否有专有名词，这样在阅读时才能有的放矢。如：6No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation “Is this what
11、you intended to accomplish with our careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week “You have sold your souls，but must you corrupt our nation and threaten Our children as well?”Q：Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for _.A)its raising the corporate stock price B)its self-
12、examination of soulC)its neglect of social responsibility D)its emphasis on creative freedom解题思路：根据题干中的专有名词，我们很快便可在文中搜索到相关信息。c)符合题义，原文中的 corrupt our nation and 4threaten our children 就是 neglect of social responsibility 的同义语。隐蔽处常考隐蔽处顾名思义，即是指句子中隐蔽之处、容易忽视之处，包括：同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句、从句、不定式、副词如下面两例：7A contras
13、t is often made between business，which is competitive，and government，which is a monopoly Q：Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by _.A)its role in protecting basic American values B)its absolute control of powerC)its democratic way of exercisi
14、ng leadership D)its function in preserving personal freedom解题思路：此题解就在隐蔽的定语从句 which is a monopoly 中，正确答案 B)就是它的改写。8But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest，than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey showsQ：Compared with other TV t
15、alk shows，both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are _.A) more family-oriented B)unusually popular C)more profound D) relatively formal解题思路：While 引导的是插入语，修饰 two shows，符合题干中的 both，standing out above the rest 则等同于选项 B)的unusually popular，故 B)是正确答案。因果句常考句中含有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：表示因果的连词：because，since ， f
16、or，as ，therefore, so, consequently 等。表示因果的动词：cause，result in，originate from 等。表示因果的名词：base，basis，result，consequence 等。这些都可指明因果关系，尤为命题者所青睐，因为可以命题考查文中两个事件的因果关系，一般属于“推断性问题” 。如：9Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming，a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewers a
17、ttentionFor example，notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some typeQ：Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because _.A)pop songs attract viewers attention B)it can increase their loudnessC)advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programsD)adv
18、ertisers want to merge music with commercial解题思路：A)意为“流行歌曲吸引观众的注意力 ”。这是干扰项，因为原文中根本没提流行音乐。B)意为“它能增加它们的音量” ，这显然荒谬：愉快的歌怎能增加广告的音量?D)意为“广告商想让音乐同广告相结合” ，这听起来也许有道理，但文章中根本没这样说。C)意为“广告商想让它们听起来跟普通节目不一样” ，我们只要仔细分析原文就可知道：For example 前后存在因果关系，而且 a dramatic change in sound quality 同 sound different from regular p
19、rograms 的意思相同，故 C)为正确答案。段落主题句常考段落的第一句和最后一句均是十分重要的地方，二者往往是表达中心思想的主题句。有时前者是主题句，后者是主题总结句，因此常出主题性问题、细节性问题和结构性问题。如：10Crime has its own cycles，a magazine reported some years agoPolice records that were studied for five years from over 2,400 cities and towns show a surprising link between changes in the se
20、ason and time patternsQ：A good title for this passage would be A)A Time for Murder B)Summer Crimes C)Crime Cycles Throughout the Year D)Intellectual Seasonal Cycles解题思路：这是一道主旨题。段落的首句就概括了全文主题，所以 c)正确，其余选项都不全面。特殊标点常考一些标点符号同篇章结构或句间关系有密切关系，常是考点。破折号：表示解释，考细节性问题；括号：表示解释，考细节性问题；5冒号：表示解释，考细节性问题；引号：表示引用，考细节性
21、问题。如以下几个例子：11Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged，and the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damagea person may feel perfectly well，but the cells of
22、his or her sex organs may be damaged，and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildrenQ：We know from the passage that _.A)exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal B)the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in comingC)radiation is avoidable in sp
23、ace exploration D) People neednt worry about any radiation damage解题思路：A)和 D)过于绝对；C)是胡乱推理。根据破折号后面的内容， B)是正确答案。篇章阅读理解大纲要求与命题形式篇章阅读理解是一道传统的四级考试题型。在 710 方案中，这一部分包括 2 篇文章的阅读，每篇后有 5 道选择题，共 10 道题，占整套试题的 20。四级阅读理解文章题材广泛，但是所涉及的背景知识是能被多数考生所接受和理解的。从对 2000年2005 年四级考试题目的统计数据看，涉及人文类题材的（包括文化、历史、教育、文学、风俗习惯和音乐等）占60；
24、科普类文章占 25；其余社科类文章占 15。就体裁而言，议论文占 50；说明文占 40；其他占 10。从以上的数据可以看出，四级考题中的阅读理解题材和体裁的分布都很明确，而且内容都是考生能够理解的，因此只要多加练习，有针对性地阅读文章，便可取得理想的成绩。短文后面选择题的类型多种多样，但归纳起来大致可分为二大类，即全域型问题（Global Question ）和局域型问题（Local Question ）. Local Question 一般涉及三方面内容：Subject Matter, Attitude/Tone; Local Question 涉及：Supporting Details ,
25、Inference, Vocabulary.以下，我们将针对这部分的特点、出题范畴、出题方式等，根据这些问题在考试出题中的大致排列顺序，进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能训练。 2. 题型分类分析四级考试篇章阅读题共有 5 种常见题型，分别是：主题性问题；细节性问题；态度性问题；推断性问题；词汇性问题2.1 主题性问题在阅读时必须把握内在的逻辑关系，沿着作者的思路，才能掌握文章的主题思想，了解作者的观点和态度。此类考题的典型出题形式有： The best title for the passage is _ . The main idea/purpose/subject/topic of the
26、 passage is _ . The article is mainly/primarily concerned with _ . The central idea conveyed in the above passage is _ . Which of the following can best summarize the article? Which of the following descriptions suits this passage best?【例】 Oxford and Cambridge differ from the rest of the universitie
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