1、rest and short- sightedness extend to the use of energy resources as well. Furthermore, nations, like people, tend to rationalize their own self-serving policies and actions. Emerging nations might argue, for example, that they should be exempt from energy conservation because it is the industrializ
2、ed nations who can better afford to make sacrifices and who use more resources in the first place. Another reason why an international effort is required is that other problems of an international nature have also required global cooperation. For example, has each nation independently recognized the
3、 folly of nuclear weapons proliferation and voluntarily disarmed? No: only by way of an international effort, based largely on coercion of strong leaders against detractors, along with an appeal to self-interest, have we made some progress. By the same token, efforts of individual nations to thwart
4、international drug trafficking have proven largely futile, because efforts have not been internationally based. Similarly, the problem of energy conservation transcends national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will ultimately suffer. In conclusion, nations are made up of in
5、dividuals who, when left unconstrained, tend to act in their own self-interest and with short-term motives. In light of how we have dealt, or not dealt, with other global problems, it appears that an international effort is needed to ensure the preservation of natural resources for future generation
6、s. 5. “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.” To what extent do you agree or disagree with
7、the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading. “所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定、分享责任和义务的团队来运作。给予一个人关于一个项目和 行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。 ” 1.For groups and organizations that are stable, it i
8、s reasonable to have a flat organizational structure. 2.For groups and organizations that are always confronted with emergencies, it is always better to give one certain person central authority and responsibility. 3.It is hard to say that one structure is necessarily better than the other. They all
9、 have advantages and disadvantages. And it is a case-by-case discussion. 1，Admittedly, 在团队中，每个人都应该起到积极的作用 take positive action。责任和义务的 share 可 以激发每个人更加主动 motivate the members creativity and initiative. 比方说，many companies let the employees to buy shares and stocks. 2，但是，这样不是说，everyone should be given
10、the power to make the final decision. 首先，天性是 自私的。In many circumstances, the personal goal may be different from or even contrary to the goal of the group. 如果任由每个人作出决定，很可能作出相反的，产生很多矛盾。incompatible conflict. 比如企业中，每个员工都想争取最多的工资，但也许与企业 cost-cutting policy 想矛盾。 3，这时候，就需要 one person with the authority an
11、d responsibility for a project 来协调 assort with the different interests。synthesize the various voices of all the group members and make the final decision.这样才能有效地领导一个团队，不会偏离最初的目标 stray from the initial goal of the task. Thesis sentence: it is true that team work is the most familiar functional way th
12、at adopted by many groups and organizations. It is also true that every team member should share responsibilities and duties within the team. However, it is hardly true that the absence of central authority that enable everybody to make decisions is an effective way to get work done. View1:compared
13、with giving the responsibility for a task to one authoritative person, the sharing of responsibilities and duties among team members is a more effective way to get things done. Evidence: the allocated responsibility and duties give workers the feeling of being important and necessary that motivated
14、them to fulfill their work. The fact that anyone who dose not accomplish his or her assigned work thus affect the whole progress of the project could be easily detected, gives the necessary pressure to workers that guarantee the efficiency thus the completion of the progect. View2: the claim that th
15、e everybody decision making structure rather than central authority is a more effective way to get things down is unwarranted. Evidence: Everybody makes decisions totally no decisions. Not everyone has acquired the essential abilities such as thorough analysis and foresighted prediction to make deci
16、sions. Which is a more productive method of performing a group task: allowing all group members to share in the decision making, duties and responsibilities, or appointing one member to make decisions, delegate duties and take responsibility? The speakers opinion is that the first method is always t
17、he best one. In my view, however, each of these alternatives is viable in certain circumstances, as illustrated by two very different examples. A jury in a criminal trial is good example of a group in which shared decision-making, duties, and responsibility is the most appropriate and effective way
18、to get the job done. Each member of the jury is on equal footing with the others. While one person is appointed to head the jury, his or her function is to act as facilitator, not as leader. To place ultimate authority and responsibility on the facilitator would essentially be to appoint a judge, an
19、d to thereby defeat the very purpose of the jury system. By way of contrast, a trauma unit in a hospital is a case in which one individual should assume responsibility, delegate duties and make decisions. In trauma units, split-second decisions are inherently part of the daily routine, and it is gen
20、erally easier for one person to make a quick decision than for a team to agree on how to proceed. One could argue that since decisions in trauma units are typically life-and-death ones, leaving these decisions to one person is too risky. However, this argument ignores the crucial point that only the
21、 most experienced individuals should be trusted with such a burden and with such power; leaving decisions to inexperienced group members can jeopardize a patients very life. In conclusion, I agree that in some situations the best way to accomplish a task is through teamwork- sharing responsibility,
22、duties and decision making. However, in other situations, especially those where quick decisions are necessary or where individual experience is critical, the most effective means is for one individual to serve as leader and assume ultimate responsibility for completing the job. 8. “For hundreds of
23、years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accoun
24、ts of credits and debits.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading. “几百年来，大多数国家的货币制度建立在金属硬币和打印的纸币的交换的基础之上。但是，因为最近技术的发展， 国际共同体应该考虑将整个硬币和纸币的系统用存款和贷款的电子帐目系统取代。 ” 1
25、.Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor. 2.Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts. 3.It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible system entirely. We can let they two coexist. Optional words: Thesis sentence: while electronic currencies enj
26、oy their own merits, it still can not replace the entire system of tangible currencies. View1: convenient, efficient and easy to carry are the exclusive advantages of electronic currencies. Evidence: View2:tangible currencies such as coin and paper has its own merits and special functions that could
27、 not be replaced by electronic currencies. Evidence: merits: more reliable, more efficient in small sum transaction, more systematically safe; function: collection The prospect of converting the worlds monetary system of metal coins and printed paper into a computerized system of credits and debits
28、is intriguing. Opponents of the idea regard a digital economy as a dangerous step toward a totalitarian society in which an elite class dominates an information-starved lower class. My view, however, is that conversion to a digital economy has far-reaching economic and social virtues that outweigh t
29、he potential risk of misuse by a political elite. Supporters of the idea of “digital cash” view the move to a digital economy as the next logical step toward a global system of free trade and competition. Herein lies the main virtue of a digital economy. In facilitating trade among nations, consumer
30、s worldwide would enjoy a broader range of goods at more competitive prices. In addition, a digital economy would afford customers added convenience, while at the same time saving money for businesses. Making purchases with electronic currency would be simple, fast, and secure. There would be no nee
31、d to carry cash and no need for cashiers to collect it. A good example of the convenience and savings afforded by such a system is the “pay and go” gasoline pump used at many service stations today. Using these pumps saves time for the customer and saves money for the business. A third benefit of su
32、ch a system is its potential to eliminate illegal monetary transactions. Traffickers of illegal arms and drugs, dealers in black-market contraband, and counterfeiters all rely on tangible currency to conduct their activities. By eliminating hard currency, illegal transactions such as these would be
33、much easier to track and record. As a result, illegal monetary transactions could be virtually eliminated. A related benefit would be the ability to thwart tax evasion by collecting tax revenues on transactions that otherwise would not be recorded. To sum up, I think it would be a good idea to conve
34、rt current monetary systems into a system of electronic accounts. The economic benefits, convenience and savings afforded by such a system, along with the potential to reduce crime, far outweigh the remote loss of a significant social or political shift toward totalitarianism. 9. “Employees should k
35、eep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.” “雇员应该保持他们的私人生活和个人行为尽量远离工作场所。 ” 1，Personal activities should not be brought to ones workplace since they can reduce ones efficiency. Thinking about ones private life can distract one from his or her work. 2，T
36、alking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers. 3，It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace. 1，it
37、 is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal intere 1 青农大团字201510 号 关于在全校广泛组建青年网络文明志愿者队伍 深入推进青年网络文明志愿行动的通知 各分团委: 为深入贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示和青年网络文明志 愿者电视电话专题工作会议精神，按照团省委部署要求，结合 推动团员青年成为注册志愿者活动
38、，在全校范围内广泛组建青 年网络文明志愿者队伍、深入推进青年网络文明志愿行动。有 关事项通知如下。 一、学校青年网络文明志愿者队伍组建 （一）人员构成 2 学校青年网络文明志愿者队伍主要由以下人员构成： 1、学校团委书记、学生会主席、全体专职团干部及学生会 和社团骨干成员； 2、学院分团委书记、学生会主席、学院专职团干部、辅导 员、学生党员、学生会和各社团骨干成员； 3、班级班主任、团支部书记、团支部委员、表现突出的入 党积极分子。 （二）数量要求 学院组织发动参加“青年网络文明志愿行动”须覆盖到每 一个班级团支部，学院发动总人数原则上不少于学院学生团员 总数的 30%。 （三）队伍建制 青年
39、网络文明志愿者队伍的组建方式参照网络宣传员队伍， 分校、院、班三级建立，分别设立网络文明志愿行动小组。校 级网络文明志愿行动小组由学校团委书记、学生会主席分别任 指导老师和组长，学校专职团干部及学生会和社团骨干成员加 入同级组织；院级网络文明志愿行动小组由各学院分团委书记 和学生会主席分别任指导老师和组长，学院专职团干部、辅导 员、学生党员、学生会和社团骨干成员加入同级组织；班级网 络文明志愿行动小组由各班班主任和团支部书记分别任指导老 3 师和组长，各班团支部委员及部分思想进步、表现突出的入党 积极分子加入同级组织。 （四）组建流程及要求 第一步 依据人员构成要求，确定本学院网络文明志愿者范
40、 围。 第二步 组织青年网络文明志愿者填写青年网络文明志愿 者信息登记表 （附件 1） 。同时，关注微信订阅号“山东省学 生联合会” （微信号：sdxslhh） ，在自定义菜单“清朗侠注册” 专栏进行填写注册。注册时， “所在市或系统”选项选择“高校 系统”青岛农业大学“；“单位及职务”一项，请精确到 学院（系别） 、班级，例如：青岛农业大学 xx 学院 20xx 级 xx 专业 xx 班。 第三步 由学院团委统一组织填写学院青年网络文明志愿 者信息汇总表 （附件 2） 。 第四步 请于 6 月 8 日前完成各项统计注册，将附件 1、附 件 2 电子版打包上报校团委（qdndtw ） 。 在组
41、建队伍时，要注重四个同步： 1.组建队伍与注册成为青年网络文明志愿者同步进行。在 组建队伍的同时，确保每一名成员填表注册，同时成为志愿者， 不允许只报名单不填信息或先报名单后补信息的现象，确保加 4 入一人、注册一人，确保信息真实准确。 2.线下注册与线上注册同步进行。各学院要确保所有青年 网络文明志愿者在认真填写青年网络文明志愿者信息登记表 （附件 1）的基础上，同步完成微信线上注册。线上注册和线 下注册吻合度作为是否完成队伍组建的重要依据。 3.组建队伍与组织发声同步进行。抓住人员集中注册加入 的契机，发挥个人能动性，主动开展“小雨滴灌”式发声活动， 增强青年网络文明志愿者的发声意识。 二
42、、青年网络文明志愿者的主要职责 （一）在互联网上主动弘扬正能量。积极参与“阳光跟帖” 行动，用文明语言和理性态度发表网络评论，营造理性、平和、 有序的网络舆论氛围；积极参加“青年好声音”网络文化行动， 围绕中国梦、推进改革、推行法治、奋斗创业、社会公益等内 容，主动在网上发出和传播弘扬社会主义核心价值观的微博、 微信、贴文、视频等内容；积极参与各级团组织开展的话题讨 论、线上活动，积极与“山东团省委学校部（腾讯） 、山东省 学生联合会（新浪） 、青岛农业大学团委（新浪） 、青岛农业 大学团委（腾讯） ”官方微博、 “山东省学生联合会、青岛农业 大学学生会”官方微信进行互动。 （二）在互联网上自
43、觉抵制负能量。对网上出现的违反四 5 项基本原则、违背社会主义核心价值观、不利于民族团结的错 误言论，对于黄赌毒等负面网络信息，坚决抵制、主动驳斥、 积极举报。 （三）自觉增强网络文明素养。遵守互联网法律法规和网 络文明规范，自觉依法上网、文明上网、绿色上网，不浏览不 健康的网络页面和信息，不造谣、不信谣、不传谣。 三、2015 年主要活动 （一）全团性主题网络活动 一是在“清明节” 、 “五四” 、 “七一” 、 “抗日战争胜利纪念 日” 、 “国庆节” 、 “南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日”等重要时间 节点开展全团性主题网络活动；二是不定期推出“光盘行动” 、 志愿公益、传承优秀传统文化等主题
44、网络活动。 （二）阳光跟帖行动 按照团中央、团省委、学校团委统一部署，组织开展“阳 光跟帖行动” ，各学院团委要积极倡导网民特别是广大青年网民 健康、积极、乐观、友善地跟帖，努力营造清朗网络舆论。 （三）学校特色网络志愿活动 学校各级团组织结合自身实际，积极策划设置议题，组织 动员青年网络文明志愿者在网上积极行动，努力营造和谐有序 的校园网络舆论。 6 2015 年内，每名青年网络文明志愿者参与“阳光跟帖行动” 及其它主题网络活动不少于 3 次。同时，倡导鼓励青年网络文 明志愿者在网上积极发起和参加弘扬正能量的网络活动，积极 参加举报不良网络信息等志愿活动。 四、工作要求 （一）强化领导，实字
45、当头。各学院团委要切实重视，精 心部署，全力推进。各学院团委书记为本学院青年网络文明志 愿行动第一责任人，要担负起保质保量完成本学院青年网络文 明志愿者队伍组建工作的职责任务。要把从严治团的要求和工 作的推进有机结合起来，狠抓督查，狠抓落实。 （二）广泛发动，严密组织。要按照青年网络文明志愿者 的三个方面主要来源，广泛动员本学院的团员和优秀青年参加。 要把青年网络文明志愿者队伍建设与注册志愿者工作，特别是 推动团员成为注册志愿者的工作结合起来，下大力气组织共青 团员参加网络文明志愿行动。要按照队伍建制要求，建立起 “建制规范、指挥畅通”的严密组织体系，有效指挥、协调青 年网络文明志愿者队伍集中
46、发声、开展活动，确保形成良好的 声势。 （三）加强统筹，形成合力。各学院团委要抓好统筹，做 好队伍规划、活动设计、协调推进、任务督导等工作。要积极 7 动员团干部、共青团员和广大青年网络文明志愿者参与各项活 动，促进青年网络文明志愿行动更好实现组织化动员和社会化 动员相结合，形成声势、取得实效。 附件：1.青年网络文明志愿者信息登记表 2.高校青年网络文明志愿者信息汇总表 3.山东团省委学校部、山东省学生联合会、 青岛农业大学团委、青岛农业大学学生会微博微信二维 码 4.2015 年团中央学校部拟开展线上活动清单 共青团青岛农业大学委员会 2015 年 5 月 27 日 8 附件 1： 青年网络文明志愿者信息登记表 （青年网络文明志愿者填写） 姓 名性 别 出生年月政治面貌 单位及职务 手 机电子邮箱 微信号 新浪微博 账号 腾讯微博账号 （选填） 常用论坛及 账号（选 填） 我的网络文明志愿宣言 9 填表人（签名 ）： 年 月 日 10 附件 2： 高校青年网络文明志愿者信息汇总表 （由学院团委填写） 填报单位： 填报日期： 青年网络文明志愿者总数： 分类统计类别及人数 性 别男女 中共党员共青团员 政治面貌 其他 专职团干部 青年教师 （不包括专职 团干部） 青年 职工 本专科生 硕士研究生 身 份 学生 博士研究生 填表人： 联系电话： 11 附
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