1、高考英语复习 被动语态【壹】为什么会有被动语态？LH hit DG.DG was hit (by LH). DG was hit.当不知道或不强调动作发出者的时候，使用被动语态。基本长相：be done【贰】谓语动词长相构成大盘点注：另见文档。【叁】各种时态下的被动语态一、一般现在时am/is/are + donePeople know the Great Wall all over the world. （原句中有宾语，才能变成被动） The Great Wall all over the world.答案：is known二、一般过去时Lu Xun wrote the book. The
2、book by Lu Xun.答案：was written三、一般将来时He will give a talk (on Chinese history) (next week). A talk on Chinese history by him next week.答案：will be given四、过去将来时They were going to sell the cow the next day. The cow the next day.答案：was going to be sold was/were going to be done五、现在进行时They are watering the
3、 flowers. The flowers by them.答案：are being watered六、过去进行时He said he was repairing the shoes. He said the shoes .答案：were being repaired七、现在完成时He has cut down the tree. The tree down.答案：has been cut八、过去完成时They had found the lost boy before midnight. The lost boy before midnight.答案：had been found九、将来完成
4、时Mother will have set the table by the time we come back. The table will by the time we come back.答案：have been set十、过去将来完成时He said he would have finished the job by then. He said the job by then.答案：would have been finished【四】被动语态的特殊结构形式一、带情态动词的被动结构，其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词You can finish the work tomorrow.T
5、he work tomorrow.答案：can be finished二、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态（原句子中有宾语）小辉辉给了向迪好多钱。LH gave DG many dollors.= LH gave many dollors (to DG).DG was given many dollors (by LH). Many dollors were given (to) DG (by LH).三、现在分词做宾补，变被动语态时，现在分词不变（变被动，找 宾语）Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smo
6、king a cigarette (by someone).小试牛刀work site 工作站approach 接近As we approached the work site, the workers were seen the new house.A. buildingB. buildC. builtD. to build四、一些短语动词变被动语态时有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The baby must be taken good care of.这个婴儿要好好照看。So
7、meone must take good care of the baby.小试牛刀make fun of sb.Mary realized she .A. was making fun ofB. was made funC. was being made fun ofD. was being made fun【五】主动表被动的情况一、半系动词在系表结构中用主动形式表被动意思（主+系+表）常见的有：look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove, remain 等。 The flower looks ugly. （is） (What you said) sound
8、s reasonable. The dish smells delicious. The food tastes good. The story proved quite false. She remains silent. This material feels soft.小试牛刀1. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building now.A. remainsB. is remainedC. is remainingD. has been remained
9、2. Do you like the material? Yes, it very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt 二、某些可以和 well, badly, easily, smoothly 等副词连用的不及物动词如 read, write, wash, clean, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut, tear 且主语是非生命的名词或代词，用主动结构表被动意思，多用来说明主语的特征、性质或所处的状态等。（起来；得） This kind of book sells well. 这种书好卖。This ki
10、nd of book is good to sell. The pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。This pen is smooth to write (with). The cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。 The poem reads smoothly. 这首诗读起来很流畅。 The table doesnt clean easily. 这个桌子不容易擦。 This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind. 这种米比那种米好烹饪。 That door shuts well. 这个门好关。小
11、试牛刀1. The food easily and sells .A. cooks; wellB. is cooking; goodC. is cooked; wellD. cooked; good2. The flowers were so lovely that they in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were soldD. would sell三、be worth doing 中，doing 是主动形式表被动意思The book is worth buying. 这本书值得买。- 7 -小试牛刀 What do you think of the
12、 book? Oh, excellent. Its worth a second time.A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read四、当 need/want/require/deserve 后跟动名词作宾语时The desk needs mending.（桌子需要修理。）= The desk needs to be mended.小试牛刀1. This page needed again.A. being checkedB. checkedC. to checkD. to be checked2. The sentence wants on
13、ce more.A. to explainB. explainingC. being explainedD. to be explained it五、一些动词和词组不能用于被动语态，常使用主动形式表被动含 义take place happen break out belong to come out come aboutgo up go out grow upconsist of add up tocome into beingcome into use come true run outturn up1. Great changes in our province. Many tall bu
14、ildings .A. have been taken place, have been set upB. have taken place, have been set upC. have been taken place, have been set upD. were taken place, were set up2. He does not possess a bicycle; this one (he uses) to Peter.A. is belonged toB. belongedC. belongsD. is belonging3. The war in 1937.A. w
15、as broken outB. had been broken outC. has broken ou tD. broke outDG makes LH work 24 hours a day.LH is made to work 24 hours a day.铁(3) 为了使 A、B 对水平地面的压强相等, 他们分别设计了不同的方法如下表所示. 若 你认为小阳的方法可行, 请计算出铁块和铜块的体积是多少 cm3. 你认为小宣的方 法可行, 请计算出截去的质量是多少 g. 你认为小东的方法可行, 请计算出截去的 体积是多少 cm3. 你认为小文的方法可行, 请计算出截去的高度是多少 cm.铜(
16、已知 r = 8.9 103 kg/ m3 ,r = 7.9 103 kg/ m3 ,g = 10N/kg , 计算结果保留整数 )同学所设计的方法小阳将体积相等的铁块和铜块分别放在 A、B 的上面小宣沿水平方向分别截去质量相等的部分小东沿水平方向分别截去体积相等的部分小文沿水平方向分别截去高度相同的部分实战演练【练1】 一个如图所示长、宽、高分别为 L1、L2、L3 的长方体铁块放在水平桌 面上铁块的密度为 r , 当用大小为 F 的力竖直向上（力的作用线 通过重心）提这个物体时, 铁块静止不动此时铁块对地面的压强大 小是【练2】 如图所示, 放在水平地面上的两个实心长方体 A、B, 已知体
17、积 VAVB, 与地面的接触面积 SASB, 对地面的压强 pA=pB下列 判断正确的是 ( )A. A 的密度一定小于 B 的密度 B. A 的密度可能等于 B 的密度 C. A 的质量一定大于 B 的质量 D. A 的质量可能等于 B 的质量【练3】 如图所示, A、B 两长方体叠置在一起放于桌面上, A 的密度为 rA ,底面积为 S ；B 的密度为 r 、底面积为 S 若 A 对 B 的压强与ABBB 对桌面的压强恰好相等, 则它们的厚度之比 hA : hB = .AB【练4】 如图所示, 圆柱体 A 和圆柱体 B 放在水平地面上. 圆柱体 A 对地 面的压强为 pA , 圆柱体 B
18、对地面的压强为 pB . 圆柱体 A 的密度为r A, 圆柱体 B 的密度为 r B. 圆柱体 A 的底面积为 SA, 圆柱体 B的底面积为 SB. 圆柱体 A 的质量为 mA, 圆柱体 B 的质量为 mB. 圆柱体 A 的高度为 hA, 圆柱体 B 的高度为 hB. 已知: pA : pB =6:5;r A: r B=4:5; SA: SB=5:8. 则下列计算结果正确的是 () A. 两圆柱体的质量之比是 mA: mB=4:3B. 两圆柱体的高度之比是 hA: hB=2:31C . 如果将圆柱体 A 水平切去hA , 则两圆柱体对地面压强相等42D. 如果从两个圆柱体上部各水平切去mA ,
19、 圆柱体 A 对地面的压强为 pA , 圆柱体 B3对地面的压强为 p . 则 p : p = 4:5BAB黑洞的“隐身术”与别的天体相比, 黑洞是显得太特殊了. 例如, 黑洞有“隐身术”, 人们无法直接观察到它, 连科学家都只能对它内部结构提出各种猜想. 那么, 黑洞是怎么把自己隐藏起 来的呢？答案就是弯曲的空间. 我们都知道, 光是沿直线传播的. 这是一个最基本 的常识. 可是根据广义相对论, 空间会在引力场作用下弯曲. 这时候, 光虽然仍然沿任 意两点间的最短距离传播 , 但走的已经不是直线 , 而是曲线. 在经过大密度的天体时 , 四维空间会弯曲. 光会掉到这样的陷阱里. 形象地讲, 好像光本来是要走直线的, 只不 过强大的引力把它拉得偏离了原来的方向.在地球上, 由于引力场作用很小, 这种弯曲是微乎其微的. 而在黑洞周围, 空间的 这种变形非常大. 这样, 即使是被黑洞挡着的恒星发出的光, 虽然有一部分会落入黑洞 中消失, 可另一部分光线会通过
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