职称英语概括大意和完成句子题答题技巧.doc

1、职称英语概括大意和完成句子题答题技巧1. 出题思路 书内共编写15篇短文，每篇下面都分成两个部分：一是概括大意；二是完成句子。每小题1分，共8分。 概括大意：要求对四个指定的段落作出概括，从给出的A-F六项中挑选出你认为正确的一项来概括某一段落。有两项属于干扰项。其目的是考核学员对指定段落的理解和概括能力。 完成句子：给出4个不完整的句子，要求从A-F六项中挑出你认为正确的一项补充到某一句中，使其合乎逻辑，通顺达意。有两个干扰项。其目的是考核学员队语法结构及逻辑关系的理解能力。2. 解题步骤概括大意部分：（1）先看A-F6项 （2）后按指定段落回到短文。完成句子部分：（1）先看4个不完整句子的

2、语法结构。（2）后看A-F 6项3. 解题的方法和技巧概括大意部分：（1）先快速将A-F6项翻译过来。（2）回到指定段落，要重点盯住每一段的第一句，第二句或最后一句，对照A-F6项，选出正确一项。完成句子部分：（1）重点盯住每句短线的“前”与“后”，依据语法结构，采取“各取所需”进行选项。（2）如无法进行，采取“上”“下”相通相顺进行选项（3）如还无法进行，就要按照“信息词”回归到原文，找到原句看懂，再进行选项。实例分析：第一篇 Architecture1 Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The

3、 best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. 2 The renaissance brought about

4、 an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. 3 Many kinds of stone are used as building mater

5、ials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use. 4 The c

6、omplexity of modern life calls for a variety of building. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and

7、clinics. All theses different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers. 5 By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of m

8、odern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. 概括大意解题思路：概括大意的解题思路我们采取先翻译选项或者划出A-F六项的关键词的方法，然后在原文的中心句中找关键词或者同义改写确定答案，所以我们先划A-F六项的关键词，A选项 bulilding material B选项

9、varieties, modern life， C选项 restoration, D选项evolution，E选项affecting, modern architecture， F选项social art练习 1. Paragraph 2_C_. 解题思路：这道题让我们概括第二段的大意，我们需要先找到第二段的中心句，第二段的中心句是：The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well.我们在第二段中心句中可以

10、看到renaissance,这个词是C选项restoration的同义改写，所以第一题的答案选择C。2. Paragraph 3_A_. 解题思路：这道题让我们概括第三段的大意,我们先要找到第三段的中心句，第三段的中心句是：Many kinds of stone are used as building materials.我们在第三段中心句中可以看到builiding material和A选项的信息词一致，所以这道题目答案选择A。3. Paragraph 4_B_. 解题思路：这道题让我们概括第四段的大意，我们要先找到第四段的中心句，第四段的中心句是：我们在第四段中心句中可以看到modern

11、 life和varieties，和B选项的信息词一致，所以答案选择B4. Paragraph 5_E_. 解题思路：这道题让我们概括第五段的大意,我们要先找到第五段的中心句，第五段的中心句是：The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of building.我们在第五段中心句中可以看到modern achitechture，和E选项的信息词一致，所以答案选择E A Building materialsB Need of greater building varieties in modern life C Restoration of

12、ancient civilizations D Evolution in style E factors affecting modern architecture F A social art 完成句子解题思路：完成句子我们要首先看到是否有固定搭配如果没法走固定搭配这条路，我们就采用相通相顺的办法，实在不行我们就使用查读法。5. Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful_B_.解题思路：这道题目中间我们看到有一个明显的not only,所以根据固定搭配not only.but also，我们可以确

13、定选项中一定有一个but also，B选项出现了but also，所以答案选B。6. Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles，which were restored during renaissance, were still influential _E_. 解题思路：我们来看这个句子，这个句子是一个完整的句子，所以我们可以知道缺的成分一定是修饰整个句子，所以缺乏的成分是状语。不过选项中每一个都可以做状语，所以我们走第二步相通相顺，句子说古希腊罗马的建筑风格从文艺复兴时期就保留了下来，并还有影响。我们看选项，E选项为就算是在20世纪。所以我们

14、补全句子之后就可以这样理解：古希腊罗马的建筑风格从文艺复兴时期就保留了下来，并且到了20世纪都还有影响。填入之后句子通顺，所以这道题选E7. As modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings _A_. 解题思路：我们来看这个句子，这个句子是一个完整的句子，所以我们可以知道缺的成分一定是修饰整个句子，所以缺乏的成分是状语。不过选项中每一个都可以做状语，所以我们走第二步相通相顺，句子说因为现代生活方式越来越复杂，所以人们需要修建很多不同的建筑。A选项的意思为以满足

15、他们的需求。所以我们补全句子之后就可以这样理解：因为现代生活越来越复杂，所以人们需要修建很多不同的建筑以满足他们的需求。填入之后句子通顺，所以这道题选A。8. The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role _C_. 解题思路：这道题目我们可以看到有一个明显的play an important role，根据固定搭配play an important

16、 role in,我们可以确定该题目的选项有一个in，所以这道题目答案选择CA to meet their needs B but also beautiful to look at C in the development of modern architecture D to design more buildings E even in the 20th century F to outlast their original use 第二篇Earthquake1Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of dea

17、ths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An examp

18、le of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on

19、 the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.3The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists be

20、lieve may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth s crust and continental drift.4In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special inst

21、ruments are used to help people record, for example， shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.5Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These in

22、clude strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.概括大意解题思路：概括大意的解题思路我们采取先翻译选项或者划出A-F六项的关键词的方法，然后在原文的中心句中找关键词或者同义改写确定答案，所以我们先划A-F六项的信息词，A选项forecast,B选项historical

23、record,C 选项intensities, D选项cause，E选项indications F选项damaging练习l Paragraph 2_C_.解题思路：这道题让我们概括第二段的大意，我们先找到第二段的中心句，第二段的中心句是：The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. 我们在第二段的中心句中可以看到C选项的信息词intensity，所以第二段的大意我们选择C。l Paragraph 3_D_.解题思路：这道题让我们概括第三段的大意，我们先找到第

24、三段的中心句，第三段的中心句是：The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. 我们在第三段的中心句中可以看到D选项的信息词cause，所以第三段的大意我们选择D。l Paragraph 4_A_.解题思路：这道题让我们概括第四段的大意，我们先找到第四段的中心句，第四段的中心句是：In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthqu

25、akes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. 我们在第四段的中心句中可以看到prediction，该词为A选项的信息词forcast的同义词，所以第四段大意我们选择A。l Paragraph 5_E_.解题思路：这道题让我们概括第五段的大意，我们先找到第五段的中心句，第五段的中心句是：Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. 我们在第五段的中心句中可以看到phen

26、omena,这个词是phenomenon的复数形式，是indication的近义词，所以第五段大意我们选择E。A Earthquakes forecast B Historical records of earthquakes C Intensities of earthquakes D Cause of earthquakes E Indications of earthquakesF Damaging earthquakes 完成句子解题思路：完成句子我们要首先看到是否有固定搭配如果没法走固定搭配这条路，我们就采用相通相顺的办法，实在不行我们就使用查读法。l Not all damage

27、during an earthquake is caused _A_.解题思路：该题目末尾出现了caused，是动词的被动式，我们看到被动语态就应该想到动词的被动式+by+施动者，比如praised by him被他奖励。所以我们就应该在选项中找by,选项中只有A选项出现了by，所以这道题目答案选择A。l Not all earthquakes are strong enough _C_.（enough to do）解题思路：该题目末尾出现了enough，根据固定搭配enough to do ,我们要在选项中找to,选项中只有C选项出现了to，所以这道题目答案选择C。l Scientists

28、have been working hard to warn people _D_.（warn people of/against)解题思路：这道题目的题干中出现了warn，根据固定搭配warn people of/against，我们要在选项中找of或者aginst，选项中只有D选项有of，所以这道题目答案选择D。l Earthquakes can be predicted by observing _E_.(缺宾语）解题思路：我们来看这个句子，这个句子我们之前学过句子成分，知道少了observing的受动者，也就是句子的宾语。句子的宾语为名词，选项中只有E和F是名词。我们接下来走相通相顺的

29、方法，题干的意思是地震可以通过观察.预测，E选项是某些动物的反常举动，F选项是人类的强烈举动。所以句子的意思是地震可以通过观察某些动物的反常举动相对比较合乎逻辑，所以答案选择E。A by the quake itselfB not be preventedC to cause damage of property and loss of livesD of a possible earthquakeE the unusual behaviors of some animalsF the strong behaviors of human beings第三篇Heartbeat of Americ

30、a1. New York the Statue of Liberty, the skyscrapers, the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue and the many theaters on Broadway. This is Americas cultural capital. It is also her biggest city, with a population of nearly 8 million. In the summer it is hot, hot, hot and in the winter it can be very cold.

31、Still there are hundreds of things to do and see all the year round.2. Manhattan is the real center of the city. When people say “New York City,” they usually mean Manhattan. Most of the interesting shops, buildings and museums are here. In addition, Manhattan is the scene of New Yorks busy night li

32、fe. In 1605 the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland. They bought the island from the Native Americans for a few glass necklaces worth about $26 today.3. Wall street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA. It is also the most important banking center in the world. It is a street of

33、 “skyscrapers.” These are those incredible, high buildings, which Americans invented, and built faster and higher than anyone else. Perhaps the two most spectacular skyscrapers in New York are the two towers of the New York World Trade Center. When the sun sets, their 110 floors shine like pure gold

34、.4. Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. Traffic jams can be terrible. Its usually quickest to go by subway. The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap. The subway goes to almost every corner of Manhattan. But it is not safe to take the subway late at night because in so

35、me places you could get robbed. New York buses are also easy to use. You see more if you go by bus. There are more than 30,000 taxis in New York. They are easy to see, because they are bright yellow and carry large TAXI signs. Taxis do not go outside the city. However, they will go to the airports.

36、In addition to the taxi fare, people give the taxi driver a tip of 15 percent of the fares value.5. Central Park is a beautiful green oasis in the middle of New Yorks concrete desert. It is surprisingly big, with lakes and woods, as well as organized recreation areas. New Yorkers love Central Park,

37、and they use it all the time. In the winter, they go ice-skating, and in the summer roller-skating. They play ball, ride horses and have picnics. They go bicycling and boating. There is even a childrens zoo, with wild birds and animals.6. Along the east side of Central Park runs Fifth Avenue, once c

38、alled “Millionaires Row.” In the 19th century, the richest men in America built their magnificent homes here. It is still the most fashionable street in the city, with famous department stores.7. Broadway is the street where you will find New Yorks best-known theaters. But away from the bright light

39、s and elegant clothes of Broadway are many smaller theaters. Their plays are called “off-Broad-way” and are often more unusual than the Broadway shows. As well as many theaters, New York has a famous opera house. This is the Metropolitan, where international stars sing from September until April. Ca

40、rnegie Hall is the citys more popular concert hall. But night life in New York offers more than classical music and theater. There are hundreds of nightclubs where people go to eat and dance.概括大意解题思路：概括大意的解题思路我们采取先翻译选项或者划出A-F六项的关键词的方法，然后在原文的中心句中找关键词或者同义改写确定答案，所以我们先划A-F六项的信息词，A选项的信息词:financial center

41、,B选项的信息词：night life, C选项的信息词：traffic facilities，D选项信息词：shopping center for the rich， E选项的信息词：international city，F选项的信息词：central park，place of recreation。练习（1） Paragraph 3_A_. 解题思路：这道题让我们概括第三段的大意，我们首先要找到第三段的中心句，第三段的中心句是：Wall street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA.这个句子里heart是center的同义词，

42、所以我们可以确定该中心句出现了A选项的信息词financial center，所以这道题答案选择A。（2） Paragraph 4_C_. 解题思路：这道题让我们概括第四段的大意，我们首先要找到第四段的中心句，第四段的中心句是：Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. 我们可以看到第四段的中心句中出现了C选项的信息词traffic 所以这道题目答案选择C。（3） Paragraph 5_F_.解题思路：这道题让我们概括第五段的大意，我们首先要找到第五段的中心句，第五段的中心句是：Central Park is a bea

43、utiful green oasis in the middle of New Yorks concrete desert.我们可以看到第五段的中心句中出现了F选项的信息词central park，所以这道题选择F。（4） Paragraph 6_D_.解题思路：这道题让我们概括第六段的大意。我们首先找到第六段的中心句，第六段的中心句是： Along the east side of Central Park runs Fifth Avenue, once called “Millionaires Row.” Millionaires row的意思是百万富翁的天堂的意思，和选项D的富人的购物中

44、心意思是一致的，所以这道题答案选择D。A.The Financial Center of USA B. The Night Life in New York C. The Traffic Facilities of New York D. Shopping Center for the Rich E. New Yorkan International City F. Central Parka Place of Recreation for the New Yorkers. 完成句子解题思路：完成句子我们要首先看到是否有固定搭配如果没法走固定搭配这条路，我们就采用相通相顺的办法，实在不行我们就

45、使用查读法。l The island of Manhattan was bought by the Hollanders from the native Americans_F_.解题思路：这道题目我们根据之前的句子成分的知识可以知道这是一个完整的句子，所以我们可以确定的是横线处的成分缺少的是一个状语从句。A-F六项中只有F项的for可以引导方式状语从句，所以这道题目答案选择F。6. Central Park is a good place where the New Yorkers can go and_A_ .解题思路：这道题目我们看到题目后有个and, and表示一个并列结构，所以and

46、连接的两个词的时态，感情色彩应该是一样的，and 前面是go,是动词原形，所以and后面也应该是动词原形，选项中只有A选项和F选项是动词原形开头，我们走相通相顺，题干的意思是中央公园是一个纽约人可以去.的好地方，A选项是做任何他们喜欢的放松的事情，D选项享受城市的夜生活。我们看到原文中对Central Park中央公园的描述说Central Park is a beautiful green oasis in the middle of New Yorks concrete desert. It is surprisingly big, with lakes and woods, as wel

47、l as organized recreation areas。最后一句中有一个recreation,是relax的同义词，所以可以知道中央公园是人们放松，享受的地方，所以答案选择A。7. Fifth Avenue is the place_E_ .解题思路：这道题我们看到句子缺乏的是一个修饰名词的成分，根据句子成分的知识，我们可以知道这里缺少的是一个定语从句，选项中B选项是一个where引导的定语从句，表示地点，和先行词place表示的地点相符合，所以这倒个题目答案选择B。8. For those play-lovers who are interested in what is unusu

48、al, the small theaters might be more attractive_C_ .解题思路：这道题目我们看到句子中出现了比较级more,根据比较级的相关知识，比较级后一般会出现than，所以我们看到选项，选项中只有C选项出现了than，所以这道题答案选C。A do whatever they like for relaxationB where you can play all kinds of ball gamesC than the world famous BroadwayD enjoy the colorful night life of the cityE where the wealthy people would go shoppingF for w