职称英语概括大意和完成句子题答题技巧.doc
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1、职称英语概括大意和完成句子题答题技巧1. 出题思路 书内共编写15篇短文,每篇下面都分成两个部分:一是概括大意;二是完成句子。每小题1分,共8分。 概括大意:要求对四个指定的段落作出概括,从给出的A-F六项中挑选出你认为正确的一项来概括某一段落。有两项属于干扰项。其目的是考核学员对指定段落的理解和概括能力。 完成句子:给出4个不完整的句子,要求从A-F六项中挑出你认为正确的一项补充到某一句中,使其合乎逻辑,通顺达意。有两个干扰项。其目的是考核学员队语法结构及逻辑关系的理解能力。2. 解题步骤概括大意部分:(1)先看A-F6项 (2)后按指定段落回到短文。完成句子部分:(1)先看4个不完整句子的
2、语法结构。(2)后看A-F 6项3. 解题的方法和技巧概括大意部分:(1)先快速将A-F6项翻译过来。(2)回到指定段落,要重点盯住每一段的第一句,第二句或最后一句,对照A-F6项,选出正确一项。完成句子部分:(1)重点盯住每句短线的“前”与“后”,依据语法结构,采取“各取所需”进行选项。(2)如无法进行,采取“上”“下”相通相顺进行选项(3)如还无法进行,就要按照“信息词”回归到原文,找到原句看懂,再进行选项。实例分析:第一篇 Architecture1 Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The
3、 best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. 2 The renaissance brought about
4、 an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. 3 Many kinds of stone are used as building mater
5、ials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use. 4 The c
6、omplexity of modern life calls for a variety of building. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and
7、clinics. All theses different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers. 5 By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of m
8、odern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. 概括大意解题思路:概括大意的解题思路我们采取先翻译选项或者划出A-F六项的关键词的方法,然后在原文的中心句中找关键词或者同义改写确定答案,所以我们先划A-F六项的关键词,A选项 bulilding material B选项
9、varieties, modern life, C选项 restoration, D选项evolution,E选项affecting, modern architecture, F选项social art练习 1. Paragraph 2_C_. 解题思路:这道题让我们概括第二段的大意,我们需要先找到第二段的中心句,第二段的中心句是:The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well.我们在第二段中心句中可以
10、看到renaissance,这个词是C选项restoration的同义改写,所以第一题的答案选择C。2. Paragraph 3_A_. 解题思路:这道题让我们概括第三段的大意,我们先要找到第三段的中心句,第三段的中心句是:Many kinds of stone are used as building materials.我们在第三段中心句中可以看到builiding material和A选项的信息词一致,所以这道题目答案选择A。3. Paragraph 4_B_. 解题思路:这道题让我们概括第四段的大意,我们要先找到第四段的中心句,第四段的中心句是:我们在第四段中心句中可以看到modern
11、 life和varieties,和B选项的信息词一致,所以答案选择B4. Paragraph 5_E_. 解题思路:这道题让我们概括第五段的大意,我们要先找到第五段的中心句,第五段的中心句是:The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of building.我们在第五段中心句中可以看到modern achitechture,和E选项的信息词一致,所以答案选择E A Building materialsB Need of greater building varieties in modern life C Restoration of
12、ancient civilizations D Evolution in style E factors affecting modern architecture F A social art 完成句子解题思路:完成句子我们要首先看到是否有固定搭配如果没法走固定搭配这条路,我们就采用相通相顺的办法,实在不行我们就使用查读法。5. Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful_B_.解题思路:这道题目中间我们看到有一个明显的not only,所以根据固定搭配not only.but also,我们可以确
13、定选项中一定有一个but also,B选项出现了but also,所以答案选B。6. Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles,which were restored during renaissance, were still influential _E_. 解题思路:我们来看这个句子,这个句子是一个完整的句子,所以我们可以知道缺的成分一定是修饰整个句子,所以缺乏的成分是状语。不过选项中每一个都可以做状语,所以我们走第二步相通相顺,句子说古希腊罗马的建筑风格从文艺复兴时期就保留了下来,并还有影响。我们看选项,E选项为就算是在20世纪。所以我们
14、补全句子之后就可以这样理解:古希腊罗马的建筑风格从文艺复兴时期就保留了下来,并且到了20世纪都还有影响。填入之后句子通顺,所以这道题选E7. As modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings _A_. 解题思路:我们来看这个句子,这个句子是一个完整的句子,所以我们可以知道缺的成分一定是修饰整个句子,所以缺乏的成分是状语。不过选项中每一个都可以做状语,所以我们走第二步相通相顺,句子说因为现代生活方式越来越复杂,所以人们需要修建很多不同的建筑。A选项的意思为以满足
15、他们的需求。所以我们补全句子之后就可以这样理解:因为现代生活越来越复杂,所以人们需要修建很多不同的建筑以满足他们的需求。填入之后句子通顺,所以这道题选A。8. The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role _C_. 解题思路:这道题目我们可以看到有一个明显的play an important role,根据固定搭配play an important
16、 role in,我们可以确定该题目的选项有一个in,所以这道题目答案选择CA to meet their needs B but also beautiful to look at C in the development of modern architecture D to design more buildings E even in the 20th century F to outlast their original use 第二篇Earthquake1Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of dea
17、ths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An examp
18、le of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on
19、 the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.3The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists be
20、lieve may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth s crust and continental drift.4In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special inst
21、ruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.5Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These in
22、clude strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.概括大意解题思路:概括大意的解题思路我们采取先翻译选项或者划出A-F六项的关键词的方法,然后在原文的中心句中找关键词或者同义改写确定答案,所以我们先划A-F六项的信息词,A选项forecast,B选项historical
23、record,C 选项intensities, D选项cause,E选项indications F选项damaging练习l Paragraph 2_C_.解题思路:这道题让我们概括第二段的大意,我们先找到第二段的中心句,第二段的中心句是:The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. 我们在第二段的中心句中可以看到C选项的信息词intensity,所以第二段的大意我们选择C。l Paragraph 3_D_.解题思路:这道题让我们概括第三段的大意,我们先找到第
24、三段的中心句,第三段的中心句是:The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. 我们在第三段的中心句中可以看到D选项的信息词cause,所以第三段的大意我们选择D。l Paragraph 4_A_.解题思路:这道题让我们概括第四段的大意,我们先找到第四段的中心句,第四段的中心句是:In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthqu
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