1、 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 2/499 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9
2、卷卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 3/499 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷
3、许婚的爱人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集：物理学、化学、科学论文集：物理学、化学、百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 4/499 天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼
4、自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到英文诗集（卷）从科
5、林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 5/499 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传
6、说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 6/499 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 INTRODUCTORY NOTE NO final history of the United States of America has been written,or is likely to be written.Research is constantly bringing to light new facts that correct details or modify the tradit
7、ional view of larger questions;and the most impartial historian is subject to personal or sectional bias which leads to his works being regarded as imperfect by another generation,or as unfair by the people of parts of the country other than his own.In such a series as the present,then,it is unwise
8、to represent the story of the growth of this nation by the summary of any one scholar.The alternative has been to place before the reader a selection of the most important documents which record in contemporary terms the great events in the history of the country.Beginning with the personal records
9、of the earliest discoverers of the continent,the selection goes on to present the first attempts at organizing a machinery of government made by the first settlers of the New England colonies;proceeds to the landmarks of the struggle for independence and the formation of the Constitution;shows the l
10、aying of the foundation of national policies and of the interpretation of the Constitution;indicates by the texts of the treaties themselves the acquisition of each successive increase of territory;and reveals by the original state papers the main causes and effects of the wars in which the country
11、has from time to time been engaged.Read in succession,these documents afford a condensed view of the political progress of the American people;freed from any prejudice save that which swayed the makers of the history themselves AMREICAN HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS THE VOYAGES TO VINLAND(c.1000)百年哈佛 50 部经典
12、英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 7/499 The following account of the discovery of North America by Leif Ericsson is contained in the“Saga of Eric the Red”;and the present translation is that made by A.M.Reeves from the version of the Saga in the Flateyar-bk,compiled by Jon Thrdharson about 1387.T
13、he part of the coast where Leif landed is much in dispute,the most recent investigations tending to the southern part of the coast of Labrador,though many scholars believe Vinland to have been on the New England shore.LEIF THE LUCKY BAPTIZED AFTER that sixteen winters had lapsed,from the time when E
14、ric the Red went to colonize Greenland,Leif,Ercs son,sailed out from Greenland to Norway.He arrived in Drontheim in the autumn,when King Olaf Tryggvason was come down from the North,out of Halagoland.Leif put into Nidaros with his ship,and set out at once to visit the king.King Olaf expounded the fa
15、ith to him,as he did to other heathen men who came to visit him.It proved easy for the king to persuade Leif,and he was accordingly baptized,together with all of his shipmates.Leif remained throughout the winter with the king,by whom he was well entertained.BIARNI GOES IN QUEST OF GREENLAND HERIULF
16、was a son of Bard Heriulfsson.He was a kinsman of Ingolf,the first colonist.Ingolf allotted land to Heriulf between V g and Reykianess,and he dwelt at first at Drepstokk.Heriulfs wifes name was Thorgerd,and their son,whose name was Biarni,was a most promising man.He formed an inclination for voyagin
17、g while he was still young,and he prospered both in property and public esteem.It was his custom to pass his winters alternately abroad and with his father.Biarni soon became the owner of a trading-ship;and during the last winter that he spent in Norway his father Heriulf determined to accompany Eri
18、c on his voyage to Greenland,and made his preparations to give up his farm.Upon the ship with Heriulf was a Christian man from the Hebrides;he it was who 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 8/499 composed the Sea-Rollers Song,which contains this stave:“Mine adventure to the Meek One,Mon
19、k-heart-searcher,I commit now;He,who heavens halls doth govern,Hold the hawks-seat ever oer me!”Heriulf settled at Heriulfsness,and was a most distinguished man.Eric the Red dwelt at Brattahlid,where he was held in the highest esteem,and all men paid him homage.These were Erics children:Leif,Thorval
20、d,and Thorstein,and a daughter whose name was Freydis;she was wedded to a man named Thorvard,and they dwelt at Gardar,where the episcopal seat now is.She was a very haughty woman,while Thorvard was a man of little force of character,and Freydis had been wedded to him chiefly because of his wealth.At
21、 that time the people of Greenland were heathen.Biarni arrived with his ship at Eyrar in Iceland in the summer of the same year,in the spring of which his father had sailed away.Biarni was much surprised when he heard this news,and would not discharge his cargo.His shipmates inquired of him what he
22、intended to do,and he replied that it was his purpose to keep to his custom,and make his home for the winter with his father;“and I will take the ship to Greenland,if you will bear me company.”They all replied that they would abide by his decision.Then said Biarni,“Our voyage must be regarded as foo
23、lhardy,seeing that no one of us has ever been in the Greenland Sea.”Nevertheless,they put out to sea when they were equipped for the voyage,and sailed for three days,until the land was hidden by the water,and then the fair wind died out,and north winds arose,and fogs,and they knew not whither they w
24、ere drifting,and thus it lasted for many“dcegr.”Then they saw the sun again,and were able to determine the quarters of the heavens;they hoisted sail,and sailed that“dcegr”through before they saw land.They discussed among themselves what land it could be,and Biarni said that he did not believe that i
25、t could be Greenland.They 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 9/499 asked whether he wished to sail to this land or not.“It is my counsel”said he“to sail close to the land.”They did so,and soon saw that the land was level,and covered with woods,and that there were small hillocks upon it
26、.They left the land on their larboard,and let the sheet turn toward the land.They sailed for two“dcegr”before they saw another land.They asked whether Biarni thought this was Greenland yet.He replied that he did not think this any more like Greenland than the former,“because in Greenland there are s
27、aid to be many great ice mountains.”They soon approached this land,and saw that it was a flat and wooded country.The fair wind failed them then,and the crew took counsel together,and concluded that it would be wise to land there,but Biarni would not consent to this.They alleged that they were in nee
28、d of both wood and water.“Ye have no lack of either of these,”says Biarni,a course,forsooth,which won him blame among his shipmates.He bade them hoist sail,which they did,and turning the prow from the land they sailed out upon the high seas,with south-westerly gales,for three“dcegr,”when they saw th
29、e third land;this land was high and mountainous,with ice mountains upon it.They asked Biarni then whether he would land there,and he replied that he was not disposed to do so,“because this land does not appear to me to offer any attractions.”Nor did they lower their sail,but held their course off th
30、e land,and saw that it was an island.They left this land astern,and held out to sea with the same fair wind.The wind waxed amain,and Biarni directed them to reef,and not to sail at a speed unbefitting their ship and rigging.They sailed now for four“dcegr,”when they saw the fourth land.Again they ask
31、ed Biarni whether he thought this could be Greenland or not.Biarni answers,“This is likest Greenland,according to that which has been reported to me concerning it,and here we will steer to the land.”They directed their course thither,and landed in the evening,below a cape upon which there was a boat
32、,and there,upon this cape,dwelt Heriulf,Biarnis father,whence the cape 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 10/499 took its name,and was afterward called Heriulfsness.Biarni now went to his father,gave up his voyaging,and remained with his father while Heriulf lived,and continued to live
33、 there after his father.HERE BEGINS THE BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GREENLANDERS NEXT to this is now to be told how Biarni Heriulfsson came out from Greenland on a visit to Earl Eric,by whom he was well received.Biarni gave an account of his travels upon the occasion when he saw the lands,and the people th
34、ough that he had been lacking in enterprise,since he had no report to give concerning these countries;and the fact brought him reproach.Biarni was appointed one of the Earls men,and went out to Greenland the following summer.There was now much talk about voyages of discovery.Leif,the son of Eric the
35、 Red,of Brattahlid,visited Biarni Heriulfsson and bought a ship of him,and collected a crew,until they formed altogether a company of thirty-five men.Leif invited his father,Eric,to become the leader of the expedition,but Eric declined,saying that he was then stricken in years,and adding that he was
36、 less able to endure the exposure of sea life than he had been.Leif replied that he would nevertheless be the one who would be most apt to bring good luck and Eric yielded to Leifs solicitation,and rode from home when they were ready to sail.When he was but a short distance from the ship,the horse w
37、hich Eric was riding stumbled,and he was thrown from his back and wounded his foot,whereupon he exclaimed,“It is not designed for me to discover more lands than the one in which we are now living,nor can we now continue longer together.”Eric returned home to Brattahlid,and Leif pursued his way to th
38、e ship with his companions,thirty-five men.One of the company was a German,named Tyrker.They put the ship in order;and,when they were ready,they sailed out to sea,and found first that land which Biarni and his shipmates found last.They sailed up to the land,and cast anchor,and launched a boat,and we
39、nt ashore,and saw no grass there.Great ice mountains lay inland back from the sea,and it was as a 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 11/499 tableland of flat rock all the way from the sea to the ice mountains;and the country seemed to them to be entirely devoid of good qualities.Then s
40、aid,Leif“It has not come to pass with us in regard to this land as with Biarni,that we have not gone upon it.To this country I will now give a name,and call it Helluland.”They returned to the ship,put out to sea,and found a second land.They sailed again to the land,and came to anchor,and launched th
41、e boat,and went ashore.This was a level wooded land;and there were broad stretches of white sand where they went,and the land was level by the sea.Then said Leif,“This land shall have a name after its nature;and we will call it Markland.”They returned to the ship forthwith,and sailed away upon the m
42、ain with north-east winds,and were out two“dcegr”before they sighted land.They sailed toward this land,and came to an island which lay to the northward off the land.There they went ashore and looked about them,the weather being fine,and they observed that there was dew upon the grass,and it so happe
43、ned that they touched the dew with their hands,and touched their hands to their mouths,and it seemed to them that they had never before tasted anything so sweet as this.They went aboard their ship again and sailed into a certain sound,which lay between the island and a cape,which jutted out from the
44、 land on the north,and they stood in westering past the cape.At ebb-tide,there were broad reaches of shallow water there,and they ran their ship aground there,and it was a long distance from the ship to the ocean;yet were they so anxious to go ashore that they could not wait until the tide should ri
45、se under their ship,but hastened to the land,where a certain river flows out from a lake.As soon as the tide rose beneath their ship,however,they took the boat and rowed to the ship,which they conveyed up the river,and so into the lake,where they cast anchor and carried their hammocks ashore from th
46、e ship,and built themselves booths there.They afterward determined to establish themselves there for the winter,and they accordingly built a large house.百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 12/499 There was no lack of salmon there either in the river or in the lake,and larger salmon than
47、 they had ever seen before.The country thereabouts seemed to be possessed of such good qualities that cattle would need no fodder there during the winters.There was no frost there in the winters,and the grass withered but little.The days and nights there were of more nearly equal length than in Gree
48、nland or Iceland.On the shortest day of winter,the sun was up between“eykarstad”and“dagmalastad.”When they had completed their house,Leif said to his companions,“I propose now to divide our company into two groups,and to set about an exploration of the country.One-half of our party shall remain at h
49、ome at the house,while the other half shall investigate the land;and they must not go beyond a point from which they can return home the same evening,and are not to separate from each other.Thus they did for a time.Leif,himself,by turns joined the exploring party,or remained behind at the house.Leif
50、 was a large a powerful man,and of a most imposing bearing,a man of sagacity,and a very just man in all things.LEIF THE LUCKY FINDS MEN UPON A SKERRY AT SEA IT was discovered one evening that one of their company was missing;and this proved to be Tyrker,the German.Leif was sorely troubled by this,fo
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