第43卷 1000—1904(哈佛经典50部英文版).pdf
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1、 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 2/499 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9
2、卷卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 3/499 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷
3、许婚的爱人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集:物理学、化学、科学论文集:物理学、化学、百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 4/499 天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼
4、自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从科林斯到英文诗集(卷)从科
5、林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 5/499 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传
6、说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 6/499 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 INTRODUCTORY NOTE NO final history of the United States of America has been written,or is likely to be written.Research is constantly bringing to light new facts that correct details or modify the tradit
7、ional view of larger questions;and the most impartial historian is subject to personal or sectional bias which leads to his works being regarded as imperfect by another generation,or as unfair by the people of parts of the country other than his own.In such a series as the present,then,it is unwise
8、to represent the story of the growth of this nation by the summary of any one scholar.The alternative has been to place before the reader a selection of the most important documents which record in contemporary terms the great events in the history of the country.Beginning with the personal records
9、of the earliest discoverers of the continent,the selection goes on to present the first attempts at organizing a machinery of government made by the first settlers of the New England colonies;proceeds to the landmarks of the struggle for independence and the formation of the Constitution;shows the l
10、aying of the foundation of national policies and of the interpretation of the Constitution;indicates by the texts of the treaties themselves the acquisition of each successive increase of territory;and reveals by the original state papers the main causes and effects of the wars in which the country
11、has from time to time been engaged.Read in succession,these documents afford a condensed view of the political progress of the American people;freed from any prejudice save that which swayed the makers of the history themselves AMREICAN HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS THE VOYAGES TO VINLAND(c.1000)百年哈佛 50 部经典
12、英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 7/499 The following account of the discovery of North America by Leif Ericsson is contained in the“Saga of Eric the Red”;and the present translation is that made by A.M.Reeves from the version of the Saga in the Flateyar-bk,compiled by Jon Thrdharson about 1387.T
13、he part of the coast where Leif landed is much in dispute,the most recent investigations tending to the southern part of the coast of Labrador,though many scholars believe Vinland to have been on the New England shore.LEIF THE LUCKY BAPTIZED AFTER that sixteen winters had lapsed,from the time when E
14、ric the Red went to colonize Greenland,Leif,Ercs son,sailed out from Greenland to Norway.He arrived in Drontheim in the autumn,when King Olaf Tryggvason was come down from the North,out of Halagoland.Leif put into Nidaros with his ship,and set out at once to visit the king.King Olaf expounded the fa
15、ith to him,as he did to other heathen men who came to visit him.It proved easy for the king to persuade Leif,and he was accordingly baptized,together with all of his shipmates.Leif remained throughout the winter with the king,by whom he was well entertained.BIARNI GOES IN QUEST OF GREENLAND HERIULF
16、was a son of Bard Heriulfsson.He was a kinsman of Ingolf,the first colonist.Ingolf allotted land to Heriulf between V g and Reykianess,and he dwelt at first at Drepstokk.Heriulfs wifes name was Thorgerd,and their son,whose name was Biarni,was a most promising man.He formed an inclination for voyagin
17、g while he was still young,and he prospered both in property and public esteem.It was his custom to pass his winters alternately abroad and with his father.Biarni soon became the owner of a trading-ship;and during the last winter that he spent in Norway his father Heriulf determined to accompany Eri
18、c on his voyage to Greenland,and made his preparations to give up his farm.Upon the ship with Heriulf was a Christian man from the Hebrides;he it was who 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 8/499 composed the Sea-Rollers Song,which contains this stave:“Mine adventure to the Meek One,Mon
19、k-heart-searcher,I commit now;He,who heavens halls doth govern,Hold the hawks-seat ever oer me!”Heriulf settled at Heriulfsness,and was a most distinguished man.Eric the Red dwelt at Brattahlid,where he was held in the highest esteem,and all men paid him homage.These were Erics children:Leif,Thorval
20、d,and Thorstein,and a daughter whose name was Freydis;she was wedded to a man named Thorvard,and they dwelt at Gardar,where the episcopal seat now is.She was a very haughty woman,while Thorvard was a man of little force of character,and Freydis had been wedded to him chiefly because of his wealth.At
21、 that time the people of Greenland were heathen.Biarni arrived with his ship at Eyrar in Iceland in the summer of the same year,in the spring of which his father had sailed away.Biarni was much surprised when he heard this news,and would not discharge his cargo.His shipmates inquired of him what he
22、intended to do,and he replied that it was his purpose to keep to his custom,and make his home for the winter with his father;“and I will take the ship to Greenland,if you will bear me company.”They all replied that they would abide by his decision.Then said Biarni,“Our voyage must be regarded as foo
23、lhardy,seeing that no one of us has ever been in the Greenland Sea.”Nevertheless,they put out to sea when they were equipped for the voyage,and sailed for three days,until the land was hidden by the water,and then the fair wind died out,and north winds arose,and fogs,and they knew not whither they w
24、ere drifting,and thus it lasted for many“dcegr.”Then they saw the sun again,and were able to determine the quarters of the heavens;they hoisted sail,and sailed that“dcegr”through before they saw land.They discussed among themselves what land it could be,and Biarni said that he did not believe that i
25、t could be Greenland.They 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 43 卷 10001904 9/499 asked whether he wished to sail to this land or not.“It is my counsel”said he“to sail close to the land.”They did so,and soon saw that the land was level,and covered with woods,and that there were small hillocks upon it
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