第48卷 帕斯卡文集(哈佛经典50部英文版).pdf
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1、 第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 2/455 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷
2、卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 3/455 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱
3、人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集:物理学、化学、科学论文集:物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 4/455 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传
4、 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从科林斯到英文诗集(卷)从科林斯到费兹杰拉
5、德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 5/455 督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷
6、哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 6/455 第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 PASCALS THOUGHTS TRANSLATED BY W.F.TROTTERINTRODUCTORY NOTE BLAISE PASCAL was born at Clermont in Auvergne on June 19,1623,the son of the president of the Court of Aids of Clermont.He was a precocious child,and soon
7、 showed amazing mathematical talent.His early training was scientific rather than literary or theological,and scientific interests predominated during the first period of his activity.He corresponded with the most distinguished scholars of the time,and made important contributions to pure and applie
8、d mathematics and to physics.Meantime,an accident had brought the Pascal family into contact with Jansenist doctrine,and Blaise became an ardent convert.Jansenism,which took its name from Jansenius,the bishop of Ypres,had its headquarters in the Cistercian Abbey of Port-Royal,and was one of the most
9、 rigorous and lofty developments of post-Reformation Catholicism.In doctrine it somewhat resembled Calvinism in its insistence on Grace and Predestination at the expense of the freedom of the will,and in its cultivation of a thoroughgoing logical method of apologetics.In practise it represented an a
10、ustere and even ascetic morality,and it did much to raise the ethical and intellectual level of seventeenth century France.Jansenism was attacked as heretical,especially by the Jesuits;and the civil power ultimately took measures to crush the movement,disbanding the nuns of Port-Royal,and by its per
11、secutions affording to many of the Jansenists opportunities for the display of a heroic obstinacy.In this struggle Pascal took an important part by the publication,under the pseudonym of“Louis de Montalte,”of a series of eighteen letters,attacking the morality of the Jesuits and defending Jansenism
12、against the 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 7/455 charge of heresy.In spite of the fact that the party for which he fought was defeated,in these“Provincial Letters,”as they are usually called,Pascal inflicted a blow on the Society of Jesus from which that order has never entirely recov
13、ered.Pascal now formed the plan of writing an“Apology for the Christian Religion,”and during the rest of his life he was collecting materials and making notes for this work.But he had long been feeble in health;in the ardor of his religious devotion he had undergone incredible hardships;and on Augus
14、t 19,1662,he died in his fortieth year.It was from the notes for his contemplated“Apology”that the Port-Royalists compiled and edited the book known as his“Penses”or“Thoughts.”The early texts were much tampered with,and the material has been frequently rearranged;but now at last it is possible to re
15、ad these fragmentary jottings as they came from the hand of their author.In spite of their incompleteness and frequent incoherence,the“Thoughts”have long held a high place among the great religious classics.Much of the theological argument implied in these utterances has little appeal to the modern
16、mind,but the acuteness of the observation of human life,the subtlety of the reasoning,the combination of precision and fervid imagination in the expression,make this a book to which the discerning mind can return again and again for insight and inspiration.SECTION I THOUGHTS ON MIND AND ON STYLE 1 T
17、HE difference between the mathematical and the intuitive mind.In the one the principles are palpable,but removed from ordinary use;so that for want of habit it is difficult to turn ones mind in that direction:but if one turns it thither ever so little,one sees the principles fully,and one must have
18、a quite inaccurate mind who reasons wrongly from principles so plain that it is almost impossible they should escape notice.But in the intuitive mind the principles are found in common use,and 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 8/455 are before the eyes of everybody.One has only to look,a
19、nd no effort is necessary;it is only a question of good eyesight,but it must be good,for the principles are so subtle and so numerous,that it is almost impossible but that some escape notice.Now the omission of one principle leads to error;thus one must have very clear sight to see all the principle
20、s,and in the next place an accurate mind not to draw false deductions from known principles.All mathematicians would then be intuitive if they had clear sight,for they do not reason incorrectly from principles known to them;and intuitive minds would be mathematical if they could turn their eyes to t
21、he principles of mathematics to which they are unused.The reason,therefore,that some intuitive minds are not mathematical is that they cannot at all turn their attention to the principles of mathematics.But the reason that mathematicians are not intuitive is that they do not see what is before them,
22、and that,accustomed to the exact and plain principles of mathematics,and not reasoning till they have well inspected and arranged their principles,they are lost in matters of intuition where the principles do not allow of such arrangement.They are scarcely seen;they are felt rather than seen;there i
23、s the greatest difficulty in making them felt by those who do not of themselves perceive them.These principles are so fine and so numerous that a very delicate and very clear sense is needed to perceive them,and to judge rightly and justly when they are perceived,without for the most part being able
24、 to demonstrate them in order as in mathematics;because the principles are not known to us in the same way,and because it would be an endless matter to undertake it.We must see the matter at once,at one glance,and not by a process of reasoning,at least to a certain degree.And thus it is rare that ma
25、thematicians are intuitive,and that men of intuition are mathematicians,because mathematicians wish to treat matters of intuition mathematically,and make themselves ridiculous,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 48 卷 帕斯卡文集 9/455 wishing to begin with definitions and then with axioms,which is not the
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