1、HeadlineseThe Significance of Newspaper Reading 1.Good learning Resources for English learners for the rich vocabulary,which includes various idioms,common sayings and diverse phrases.2.Enable the learners to enhance their reading ability by providing authentic English learning material.3.To broaden
2、 the readers horizon and be familiar with the American&British cultures.4.Good helper for the learners to improve their writing skill,due to the expert use of various writing techniques like personification,irony etc.in features.1.美英报刊文章(精选本)周学艺庞广廉马忠牛健编著北京大学出版社2.报刊英语-如何读英语报刊李自强主编吴世忠王铁民朱伟容编写外语教学与研究出版
3、社3.美英报刊的阅读与理解潘维洛等编著中国对外翻译出版公司4.英语报刊阅读教程张健主编外语教学与研究出版社PartI:GrammaticalFeaturesPartII:WordingFeaturesPartIII:RhetoricalFeatures1.Omission2.Tense3.Voice4.Punctuation1.OmissionOmission of function words,such as articles,possessive pronouns,be verbs,auxiliary verbs,etc.省略冠词、物主代词、系动词、助动词,等等37 Killed in I
4、talian Plane Crash=37(are)Killed in an Italian Plane CrashBushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low=Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New LowPolice Rush to Shut Down Performance by Underdressed Actresses(演员衣着过于暴露，警方及时勒令停演）=The Police Rush to Shut Down the Performance by the Underdressed ActressesLau
5、rel,Aquino Cut TiesLaurel and Aquino Cut(their)Ties(劳雷尔和阿基诺夫人分道扬镳）Gunfire,Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel=Gunfire and Explosions Rock(a)Mumbai HotelMother,Daughter Share Fulbright Year=(A)Mother(and)Her Daughter Share(a)Fulbright Year母女同享富布莱特访学年Headless bodies Dumped in MexicoHeadless bodies are dumped
6、 in Mexico.Political Efforts Vital to Reform-Party Leader(党的领导人说：改革一定要讲政治）Political Efforts Are Vital to Reform-Party Leader Financier Killed By Burglars（窃贼夜行窃，金融家遇害）(A)Financier Is Killed By BurglarsMoscows Food Prices Soaring=Moscows Food Prices Are Soaring有时保留冠词、连词和系动词等虚词：顾全某些习语或词组的完整性e.g:1)Comba
7、t on the Web 网络之战2）TB on the Rise Again in London伦敦地区结核病卷土重来EXERCISESEXERCISESGlobal Poll:Fashion Models“Too Thin”A Global Poll:Fashion Models are“Too Thin”What Decling Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?What Does the Decling Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?3 in 10 mid-Life Coup
8、les Abandon Sex for Stress from Life3 in 10 mid-Life Couples Abandon Their Sex for the Stress from LifeGreat Wall at Top of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”The Great Wall is at the Top of the“Worlds New Seven Wonders”Both Ends of Films to be ShortenedBoth Ends of Films Are to be ShortenedLots of Fruit in C
9、hildhood Cuts Adult Cancer RiskLots of Fruit in Ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer RiskUS,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold WarThe US and Russia Are Warned of a Repeat of the Cold WarKingsSpeechseeksOscarscrownIrishoppositionclaimspollwinHeadlessbodiesdumpedinMexicoThreekilledinTunisiaprotestsEgyptba
10、cksconstitutionchangesNKoreaissuesthreatonleafletsChinasWeninonlineQ&Asession新闻标题中一般不用过去时态，而采用现在在时态，使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中，这叫做“新新闻现在在时”(Journalistic Present Tense)，与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(Historical Present Tense)实际上完全一样。英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种：一般一般现在在时、现在在进行行时和一般将来和一般将来时。现分述如下：新闻用了过去时态，容易给人一种陈旧感，被认为新闻不“新”。e.g:Heavy
11、 Rain Lashed Cityvs Heavy Rain Lashes City一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的新新鲜鲜感感(Freshness)(Freshness)现实现实感感(Reality)(Reality)直接感直接感(Immediacy)(Immediacy)此外，标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“ed”两个字母，节省标题字数。Russian Leader Meets Fidel Castro In Cuba(Russian Leader Meets(Met)Fidel Castro InKings Speech seeks Oscars CrownEgyp
12、t Backs Constitution Changes 注意：当标题中出现时间状语时，动词用过去时。例如：Unemployment in U.K.Increased in October 十月份英国失业率上升对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题采用“Be现在分词”这一形式，但其中“Be”又通常省略。因此，剩下的ing分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如：BBC Considering Starting Global Television Service(BBC is Considering Starting(the)Global Television Servic
13、e）UK stopping aid to 16 countries UK is stopping aid to 16 countries标题中动词的将来时：1）will+动词原形Next Century will Challenge Law of Land2）更多采用“be动词不定式”，其中be通常省略，以节省标题字数。即动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作。例如：Romania to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a Barrel=Romania is to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a BarrelLargest Chinese Trade Delegation
14、 to Visit US in Nov.Largest Chinese Trade Delegation is to Visit US in Nov.Kaymer to become world number oneKaymer is to become world number one1.Global Poll:Fashion Models“Too Thin”2.What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low4.Great Wall at T
15、op of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”5.Both Ends of Films to Be Shortened6.Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk7.US,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War 1.A Global Poll Shows Fashion Models are“Too Thin”(全球调查：时装模特“太瘦”）2.What Does the Declining Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?(考研热
16、为何降温？）3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New Low(布什支持率跌至历史新低）4.The Great Wall is at the Top of the“Worlds New Seven Wonders”(长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首）5.Both Ends of Films are to Be Shortened(片头片尾将“减肥”）6.Lots of Fruit in ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer Risk(孩提时水果摄入多成年后癌症风险低）7.The US and Russia are Warne
17、d of a Repeat of the Cold War(俄美受到警告，谨防冷战重现）英语新闻标题中,动词表示被动语态时，被动语态结构“be过去分词”中的助动词“be”通常被省略。即，用过去分词直接表示被动语态。同时，“by”和它引出的动作的执行者也经常省略。如：Journalist Fired in Spy DebateA Journalist is Fired in a Spy Debate(涉嫌间谍案纠纷一记者被炒鱿鱼）Three killed in Tunisia protestThree are killed in Tunisia protest13 crimes removed
18、from death penalty list13 crimes are removed from death penalty listChinas newly revised Criminal Law eliminated the death penalty for 13 economy-related crimes,as the country moved to restructure its penalty system and better protect human rights.Europe Tested by Financial Crisis(Europe is Tested b
19、y Financial Crisis)33 Killed in Northeast India Fighting(33 are Killed in Northeast India Fighting)Note:其实，英文新闻标题使用动词的主动语态的频率远远超过被动语态。因为从修辞角度而言，主动语态比被动语态更加丰富多彩且发乎自然，读之朗朗上口。只有在事件或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时才使用被动语态，突出强调宾语部分，引起读者注意。英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练，不使用标点的情况占了绝大多数。例如，使用陈述句的标题都省略句号。即便使用某个标点符号，其主要目的不外乎两种:1.区分表示各句子成分或意群之
20、间的关系；2.进一步节省标题字数。(1)、逗号、逗号(comma)常被用来代替常被用来代替连词“and”，表示并列成分之，表示并列成分之间的停的停顿。例如：。例如：Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms=The Guangzhou Fair Closes And The Trade Booms（广交会闭幕交易量火爆）(2)、冒号、冒号(colon)除了用在引除了用在引语之前表示之前表示“说”外，外，还经常被用来代替常被用来代替联系系动词“Be”。例。例如：如：Health Survey:New Yorker Fitter,Slimmer=Health Survey
21、says(that)New Yorker is Fitter and Slimmer（健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗条)Shanghai:Resplendent Pearl Of New China.=Shanghai Is A Resplendent Pearl Of New China（上海：新中国的璀璨明珠）(3)、破折号、破折号(dash)主要用于在引主要用于在引进某一某一说法法时交代交代说话者身份，既可以表示引者身份，既可以表示引语本身可能比本身可能比说话人更重要，又可使人更重要，又可使标题内容更加直接、真内容更加直接、真实。例如：。例如：Political Efforts Vital
22、 to Reform-Party Leader=Party Leader says that Political Efforts Are Vital to ReformWorld Unity Against Terrorism Needed-BrownBrown says that World Unity Against Terrorism is Needed(布朗表示：全世界需联手反恐）(4)、用分号、用分号(semicolon)表示两表示两层意思意思（书）The Gay-Marriage Flap;The Government is out of Step(also Rhyme)（同性婚姻
23、遭抨击；政府背离公众舆论）(5)、用单引号代替双引号(single/double quotation marks)Irans nuclear threat hyped,says UN watchdog（联合国观察机构表示：伊朗核威胁被“夸大”）英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用：字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词优势：1.不但可节省、美化版面，还可增强新闻的简洁性和可读性2.这些小词均为带有新闻体特色的词汇，并且词义范畴很宽，新闻英语称这类词为“万能同义词”(synonyms of all work)。1.Allowance to be cut in 200,000 families(政府消减津贴波
24、及二十万家庭）比较：reduced2.Reshuffle axes Frances cabinet(法国政府改组阁员人数锐减）比较：reduce drastically 3.Ethiopia Jails Jews Escaping to Israel(逃往以色列未果埃犹太人险囹圄）比较：put into prison体会：US Refuses to Back Environment FundEurope Hold Talks to End Tension in YugoslaviaWorld Eyes Mid-East Peace Talkaidassist;helpair=publicize
25、;expressalterchange or modifyaskinquireaxe=dismiss;reduceassail=denounceback=supportbanprohibit or forbidBar=preventBare=expose;reveal;discloseblastexplodeBlock;balk=obstruct;impedebegincommenceboostincreasecheckexamineclaimcause the death of.clashdisagree stronglycurbcontrol or restrictdipdecline o
26、r decreaseBegin=commenceeaselessenbid=attempt endterminateBilk=cheatBolt=desert;abandonBoost=increaseBuy=purchaseCite=mentionCurb=control;restrictEase=lessen;alleviateEnd=terminateDue=scheduleflaycriticizefloutinsultfoilprevent fromgrillinvestigategutdestroyheaddirectholdarrestmapwork out（制（制订）订）mar
27、kcelebrate（庆（庆祝）祝）nameappoint or nominateoptchooseperilendangerpledgedetermine（发誓）（发誓）plotconspire（预谋，（预谋，密谋策划）密谋策划）poiseready for action（作好准备）（作好准备）probeinvestigate raidattack（进攻）（进攻）rapcriticizerebukecriticizeslaymurder（谋杀）（谋杀）soarskyrocket（急（急剧上升）剧上升）swapexchange（交（交流，交换）流，交换）swayinfluence（影（影响）响
28、）trimreduce（削减）（削减）vowdetermine（决（决心，发誓）心，发誓）weighconsider（考（考虑）虑）accord=agreement(协议）协议）aidassistance（帮助）（帮助）aim=purpose(目的）目的）arms=weapons(武器）武器）blastexplosion（爆炸）（爆炸）bodycommittee,commission（委员会）（委员会）clashcontroversy;dispute（冲突）（冲突）crashcollision（碰撞，坠毁）（碰撞，坠毁）dealagreement,transaction（协议，交易）（协议，交
29、易）envoyambassador（大使）（大使）fakecounterfeit（赝品，骗局）（赝品，骗局）fetecelebration（庆祝（活动）（庆祝（活动）feudstrong dispute（严重分歧）（严重分歧）flopfailure（失败）（失败）freezestabilization（物价、（物价、工资等）冻结）工资等）冻结）gems jewels(珠宝；首珠宝；首饰）饰）nodapproval（许可，批（许可，批准）准）pactagreement,treaty（条约，协议）（条约，协议）pollelection,public opinion poll（投票选举，（投票选举，
30、民意测验）民意测验）probeinvestigation（调（调查）查）pulloutwithdrawal（撤（撤退，撤离）退，撤离）riftseparation（隔离，（隔离，分离）分离）setready（准备）（准备）stepprogress（进程，进（进程，进步）步）strifeconflict（冲突，矛（冲突，矛盾）盾）talk=negotiation(谈判）谈判）ties(diplomatic)relations（外交）关系）（外交）关系）K:newspaper readingTwin Bombings Rock Central Baghdad.doce.g.:1.Xi Jinpin
31、g appointed Vice-chairman of CMC（习近平当选中央军委副主席）CMC：Central Military Commission2.G20 FM meeting closes with agreement on IMF reform,exchange rates (20国集团财长会议闭幕，就国际货币基金组织改革及汇率问题达成一致）G20:the Group of 20 FM:Finance Minister IMF:International Monetary Fund作用&特点：既可节省版面标题词数，又能更好地提示新闻内容，使人读来颇感简洁易记，还可使版面编排减少沉
32、闷之感。无论是常见的还是陌生的，其全称一般均能在消息正文的第一段即导语（lead)中找到，不解之处便可迎刃而解了。英语新闻标题中经常出现的缩略词主要分为三类：1、组织机构等专有名称CPPCC=Chinese Peoples Political Consultative ConferenceUNESCOUnited Nations Educational,Scientific And Cultural OrganizationIMFInternational Monetary FundASEANAssociation Of Southeast Asian NationsWTOWorld Trad
33、e OrganizationOPECOrganization Of Petroleum Exporting CountriesIOCInternational Olympic CommitteeNASANational Aeronautics And Space AdministrationWHOWorld Health OrganizationIAEA=International Atomic Energy Agency2、常见事物名称：Aids（艾滋病）【获得性免疫功能丧失综合症】(Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeUFOUnidentified Fly
34、ing ObjectDJIDow-Jones IndexCPI=Consumer Price Index PRPublic RelationsSALTStrategic Arms Limitation Talks（限制战略武器会谈）SDIStrategic Defense Initiative（战略防御措施）GMTGreenwich Mean TimeJV=Joint VentureIPR=Intellectual Property Rights3、职业、职务或职称的简称，如MP（议员）。又如：PMPrime Minister（总理；首相）FM=Foreign Minister 外长;Fina
35、nce Minister 财长DM=Defense Minister 国防部长GMGeneral Manager总经理CEO=Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官CFO=Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官CMO=Chief Market Officer 首席市场总监CTO=Chief Technology Office首席技术官COO=Chief Operating Officer 首席运营官VIPVery Important Person贵宾；要人TPTraffic Policeman交通警察PAPersonal Assistant私人助理1)留
36、头去尾：留头去尾：Auto=automobile 汽车汽车bizbusiness商业商业celeb=celebrity 名人，名流名人，名流champ=champion 冠军冠军doc=doctor 医生医生dorm=dormitory 宿舍宿舍expoexposition 博览会博览会gym=gymnasium 体育馆体育馆homo=homosexual 同性恋同性恋info=information 信息信息libliberation解放解放proprofessional专业的，职业的专业的，职业的reprepresentative 代表代表RussRussia 俄罗斯俄罗斯secsecre
37、tary秘书秘书techtechnology技术技术2)截头留尾：截头留尾：chuteparachute降落伞降落伞copter=helicopter 直升机直升机Quake=earthquake 地震地震3）截取首尾，保留中间截取首尾，保留中间flu=influenza流感流感frige=refrigerator 冰箱冰箱Tec=detective 侦探侦探Vic=convict 罪犯罪犯 or victory胜利胜利 4）截去中间，保留首尾截去中间，保留首尾cteecommittee委员会委员会CwealthCommonwealth英联邦英联邦comlcommercial（商业的，（商业的
38、，广告）广告）govt=government 政府政府motel=motor hotel 汽车旅汽车旅馆馆natlnational全国的全国的telecast=television broadcast 电视广播电视广播5）不规则裁剪词不规则裁剪词 AussieAustralian澳大利亚人澳大利亚人 tellytelevision（电视机）（电视机）Brunch=breakfast+lunch 早中早中餐餐ecopolitics=economic politics 政治经济政治经济N-test=Nuclear test 核试验核试验pixpictures（电影）（电影）L.America=La
39、tin America 拉丁拉丁美洲美洲N.Ireland=North Ireland 北爱尔北爱尔兰兰SAfrica=South Africa 南非南非JOURNALISTIC COINAGEJOURNALISTIC COINAGESmog=烟雾Newscast=新闻广播Atobomb=原子弹Blacketeer=blackmarketeer黑市商人Cinemanufacturer=电影制片商fruice=果汁slanguage=俚语Euromart=欧洲市场Stagflation=stagnationandinflation经济滞涨Dating and Mating for Over-35
40、s(rhyme:尾韵）标题修辞的作用：生动有力、鲜明形象、引人注目头韵（头韵（Alliteration/Initial Rhyme/Head Rhyme）The sun sank slowly、尾、尾(押押)韵韵（Rhyme）witty/pretty;love/above1）头韵）头韵 a.Protestants Protest(The Sunday Times,July 9,2000)新教徒示威抗议。新教徒示威抗议。b.Serena Sinks Sister for Success小小威战胜威战胜 大威大威赢得胜利赢得胜利(每个单词的第一个字母都是每个单词的第一个字母都是“S”,使用的是头韵
41、手法。使用的是头韵手法。声调的铿锵有力渲染了气氛声调的铿锵有力渲染了气氛,引起读者注意。引起读者注意。)2）尾韵：尾韵）尾韵：尾韵,又称押韵。利用又称押韵。利用词尾尾读音相同音相同,意意义相相辅或或相悖的相悖的词组成成标题,达到音韵和达到音韵和谐,表意表意鲜明明,突出的效果。突出的效果。如如:a.Construction in Scenic spot:Protection or Destruction(Beijing Review Oct.17,2002 P.26)景点建筑景点建筑:是保是保护还是破坏。是破坏。b.The lost,the best(Shanghai Star,March27-
42、April 2,2003)失去的是最好的。描写人失去的是最好的。描写人们的的怀旧心理。旧心理。c.After The Boom,Everything Is Gloom(押韵押韵)繁繁华好景不好景不再再,萧条接踵而来条接踵而来2)比比喻：标题中运用比中运用比喻,使新使新闻中的人物和事件更中的人物和事件更为鲜明突出。明突出。标题通常使用暗通常使用暗喻（Metaphor）a:Children Under Parents Wing(China Daily,Oct.8,2002)文章文章讲述美国中学述美国中学发生生枪击事件后事件后,许多家多家长亲自送孩子上学。原文自送孩子上学。原文标题中形象地用翅膀来比
43、中形象地用翅膀来比喻父母的保父母的保护,读者接受者接受这种种喻体体,可直可直译为:父母父母“翅膀翅膀”底下的孩子。底下的孩子。b:Catching the Asian Flu 华尔街患上街患上亚洲流感洲流感(In 1998,Asian Financial Crisis spread to Wall Street.)c:Middle East：A Cradle of Terror中中东恐怖主恐怖主义的的摇篮a.NoOPEL,NoHope?（失去欧宝，无宝可压？）b.TinyIslands,bigdispute(小岛屿，大争端)c.OrdinaryFolks,HeroicActs(寻常百姓，非凡作
44、为)Yao Ming:NBA Giant is Big in U.S.,Bigger in China(姚明：NBA巨人在美国受欢迎，在中国更受欢迎)big:美语中口语意为大受欢迎popular,与giant相呼应，很容易使人联想起与语境关系密切的“大个子”“大人物”等含义，使整个标题活泼有趣，效果远胜普通的popularMicrosoft to Open a New Window Liberty:MotherofInventionATaleofTwoHeartsEarthquakePets:TosaveornottoSave3Dornot3D:ThatsaQuestion GRAMMATIC
45、AL GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF PAGE SPACEFEATURES OF PAGE SPACEOmission 灵活采用省略句式1.Omitting Preposition“on”before“week”or“date”.China calls for immediate end to violence in Libya(Xinhua)Updated:2011-02-27 11:52 UNITED NATIONS-China Saturday called for efforts to put an immediate end to violence in Libya,
46、to restore stability and normal order in the country as soon as possible and to resolve the current crisis through peaceful means.2.omitting the conjunctive“that”leading objective clauseOfficial:China to subsidize seniors over 80(Xinhua)Updated:2011-02-26 17:39KUNMING-Chinese over 80 years old would
47、 be eligible for receiving a special monthly allowance from local governments,Chinas civil affairs minister said Saturday.酌情镶嵌插入语酌情镶嵌插入语简化句式，使整个句式主次分明，重点突出插入语在语义上有相对的独立性，既可以提供更多的背景材料，对所叙述的新闻事件加以补充说明，又可以反应有关人员在新闻事件后的意见，观点。Li,deputy director of Chinas National Committee on Ageing,added that the govern
48、ment should also subsidize low-income and other disadvantaged elders in obtaining nursing services in institutions,communities or at home.According to the industry paper,Academy voters-who have an average age of 57-are more likely to identify with its middle-aged heroes than The Social Networks yout
49、hful,fast-talking cast.交待人物的身份、职业、年龄等，组织机构的地点、性质以及城市的位置、特点等的词语，表达相对次要的信息，常用同位语等形式插入主句中。巧用时态，不拘呼应Chinese Premier Wen chats online with Internet users(Xinhua)Updated:2011-02-27 09:51BEIJING-Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao began his online chat with netizens here at 9 am Sunday jointly hosted by the central
50、 government website()and Xinhua News Agency website().He also said that the government is striving to ensure that the people live a comfortable life with security and confidence in the period of 2011-2015.Chinas development blueprint for the coming five years will place high emphasis on the efforts
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