英语报刊新闻标题专讲.ppt
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1、HeadlineseThe Significance of Newspaper Reading 1.Good learning Resources for English learners for the rich vocabulary,which includes various idioms,common sayings and diverse phrases.2.Enable the learners to enhance their reading ability by providing authentic English learning material.3.To broaden
2、 the readers horizon and be familiar with the American&British cultures.4.Good helper for the learners to improve their writing skill,due to the expert use of various writing techniques like personification,irony etc.in features.1.美英报刊文章(精选本)周学艺庞广廉马忠牛健编著北京大学出版社2.报刊英语-如何读英语报刊李自强主编吴世忠王铁民朱伟容编写外语教学与研究出版
3、社3.美英报刊的阅读与理解潘维洛等编著中国对外翻译出版公司4.英语报刊阅读教程张健主编外语教学与研究出版社PartI:GrammaticalFeaturesPartII:WordingFeaturesPartIII:RhetoricalFeatures1.Omission2.Tense3.Voice4.Punctuation1.OmissionOmission of function words,such as articles,possessive pronouns,be verbs,auxiliary verbs,etc.省略冠词、物主代词、系动词、助动词,等等37 Killed in I
4、talian Plane Crash=37(are)Killed in an Italian Plane CrashBushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low=Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New LowPolice Rush to Shut Down Performance by Underdressed Actresses(演员衣着过于暴露,警方及时勒令停演)=The Police Rush to Shut Down the Performance by the Underdressed ActressesLau
5、rel,Aquino Cut TiesLaurel and Aquino Cut(their)Ties(劳雷尔和阿基诺夫人分道扬镳)Gunfire,Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel=Gunfire and Explosions Rock(a)Mumbai HotelMother,Daughter Share Fulbright Year=(A)Mother(and)Her Daughter Share(a)Fulbright Year母女同享富布莱特访学年Headless bodies Dumped in MexicoHeadless bodies are dumped
6、 in Mexico.Political Efforts Vital to Reform-Party Leader(党的领导人说:改革一定要讲政治)Political Efforts Are Vital to Reform-Party Leader Financier Killed By Burglars(窃贼夜行窃,金融家遇害)(A)Financier Is Killed By BurglarsMoscows Food Prices Soaring=Moscows Food Prices Are Soaring有时保留冠词、连词和系动词等虚词:顾全某些习语或词组的完整性e.g:1)Comba
7、t on the Web 网络之战2)TB on the Rise Again in London伦敦地区结核病卷土重来EXERCISESEXERCISESGlobal Poll:Fashion Models“Too Thin”A Global Poll:Fashion Models are“Too Thin”What Decling Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?What Does the Decling Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?3 in 10 mid-Life Coup
8、les Abandon Sex for Stress from Life3 in 10 mid-Life Couples Abandon Their Sex for the Stress from LifeGreat Wall at Top of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”The Great Wall is at the Top of the“Worlds New Seven Wonders”Both Ends of Films to be ShortenedBoth Ends of Films Are to be ShortenedLots of Fruit in C
9、hildhood Cuts Adult Cancer RiskLots of Fruit in Ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer RiskUS,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold WarThe US and Russia Are Warned of a Repeat of the Cold WarKingsSpeechseeksOscarscrownIrishoppositionclaimspollwinHeadlessbodiesdumpedinMexicoThreekilledinTunisiaprotestsEgyptba
10、cksconstitutionchangesNKoreaissuesthreatonleafletsChinasWeninonlineQ&Asession新闻标题中一般不用过去时态,而采用现在在时态,使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中,这叫做“新新闻现在在时”(Journalistic Present Tense),与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(Historical Present Tense)实际上完全一样。英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种:一般一般现在在时、现在在进行行时和一般将来和一般将来时。现分述如下:新闻用了过去时态,容易给人一种陈旧感,被认为新闻不“新”。e.g:Heavy
11、 Rain Lashed Cityvs Heavy Rain Lashes City一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的新新鲜鲜感感(Freshness)(Freshness)现实现实感感(Reality)(Reality)直接感直接感(Immediacy)(Immediacy)此外,标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“ed”两个字母,节省标题字数。Russian Leader Meets Fidel Castro In Cuba(Russian Leader Meets(Met)Fidel Castro InKings Speech seeks Oscars CrownEgyp
12、t Backs Constitution Changes 注意:当标题中出现时间状语时,动词用过去时。例如:Unemployment in U.K.Increased in October 十月份英国失业率上升对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题采用“Be现在分词”这一形式,但其中“Be”又通常省略。因此,剩下的ing分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如:BBC Considering Starting Global Television Service(BBC is Considering Starting(the)Global Television Servic
13、e)UK stopping aid to 16 countries UK is stopping aid to 16 countries标题中动词的将来时:1)will+动词原形Next Century will Challenge Law of Land2)更多采用“be动词不定式”,其中be通常省略,以节省标题字数。即动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作。例如:Romania to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a Barrel=Romania is to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a BarrelLargest Chinese Trade Delegation
14、 to Visit US in Nov.Largest Chinese Trade Delegation is to Visit US in Nov.Kaymer to become world number oneKaymer is to become world number one1.Global Poll:Fashion Models“Too Thin”2.What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low4.Great Wall at T
15、op of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”5.Both Ends of Films to Be Shortened6.Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk7.US,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War 1.A Global Poll Shows Fashion Models are“Too Thin”(全球调查:时装模特“太瘦”)2.What Does the Declining Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?(考研热
16、为何降温?)3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New Low(布什支持率跌至历史新低)4.The Great Wall is at the Top of the“Worlds New Seven Wonders”(长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首)5.Both Ends of Films are to Be Shortened(片头片尾将“减肥”)6.Lots of Fruit in ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer Risk(孩提时水果摄入多成年后癌症风险低)7.The US and Russia are Warne
17、d of a Repeat of the Cold War(俄美受到警告,谨防冷战重现)英语新闻标题中,动词表示被动语态时,被动语态结构“be过去分词”中的助动词“be”通常被省略。即,用过去分词直接表示被动语态。同时,“by”和它引出的动作的执行者也经常省略。如:Journalist Fired in Spy DebateA Journalist is Fired in a Spy Debate(涉嫌间谍案纠纷一记者被炒鱿鱼)Three killed in Tunisia protestThree are killed in Tunisia protest13 crimes removed
18、from death penalty list13 crimes are removed from death penalty listChinas newly revised Criminal Law eliminated the death penalty for 13 economy-related crimes,as the country moved to restructure its penalty system and better protect human rights.Europe Tested by Financial Crisis(Europe is Tested b
19、y Financial Crisis)33 Killed in Northeast India Fighting(33 are Killed in Northeast India Fighting)Note:其实,英文新闻标题使用动词的主动语态的频率远远超过被动语态。因为从修辞角度而言,主动语态比被动语态更加丰富多彩且发乎自然,读之朗朗上口。只有在事件或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时才使用被动语态,突出强调宾语部分,引起读者注意。英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练,不使用标点的情况占了绝大多数。例如,使用陈述句的标题都省略句号。即便使用某个标点符号,其主要目的不外乎两种:1.区分表示各句子成分或意群之
20、间的关系;2.进一步节省标题字数。(1)、逗号、逗号(comma)常被用来代替常被用来代替连词“and”,表示并列成分之,表示并列成分之间的停的停顿。例如:。例如:Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms=The Guangzhou Fair Closes And The Trade Booms(广交会闭幕交易量火爆)(2)、冒号、冒号(colon)除了用在引除了用在引语之前表示之前表示“说”外,外,还经常被用来代替常被用来代替联系系动词“Be”。例。例如:如:Health Survey:New Yorker Fitter,Slimmer=Health Survey
21、says(that)New Yorker is Fitter and Slimmer(健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗条)Shanghai:Resplendent Pearl Of New China.=Shanghai Is A Resplendent Pearl Of New China(上海:新中国的璀璨明珠)(3)、破折号、破折号(dash)主要用于在引主要用于在引进某一某一说法法时交代交代说话者身份,既可以表示引者身份,既可以表示引语本身可能比本身可能比说话人更重要,又可使人更重要,又可使标题内容更加直接、真内容更加直接、真实。例如:。例如:Political Efforts Vital
22、 to Reform-Party Leader=Party Leader says that Political Efforts Are Vital to ReformWorld Unity Against Terrorism Needed-BrownBrown says that World Unity Against Terrorism is Needed(布朗表示:全世界需联手反恐)(4)、用分号、用分号(semicolon)表示两表示两层意思意思(书)The Gay-Marriage Flap;The Government is out of Step(also Rhyme)(同性婚姻
23、遭抨击;政府背离公众舆论)(5)、用单引号代替双引号(single/double quotation marks)Irans nuclear threat hyped,says UN watchdog(联合国观察机构表示:伊朗核威胁被“夸大”)英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用:字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词优势:1.不但可节省、美化版面,还可增强新闻的简洁性和可读性2.这些小词均为带有新闻体特色的词汇,并且词义范畴很宽,新闻英语称这类词为“万能同义词”(synonyms of all work)。1.Allowance to be cut in 200,000 families(政府消减津贴波
24、及二十万家庭)比较:reduced2.Reshuffle axes Frances cabinet(法国政府改组阁员人数锐减)比较:reduce drastically 3.Ethiopia Jails Jews Escaping to Israel(逃往以色列未果埃犹太人险囹圄)比较:put into prison体会:US Refuses to Back Environment FundEurope Hold Talks to End Tension in YugoslaviaWorld Eyes Mid-East Peace Talkaidassist;helpair=publicize
25、;expressalterchange or modifyaskinquireaxe=dismiss;reduceassail=denounceback=supportbanprohibit or forbidBar=preventBare=expose;reveal;discloseblastexplodeBlock;balk=obstruct;impedebegincommenceboostincreasecheckexamineclaimcause the death of.clashdisagree stronglycurbcontrol or restrictdipdecline o
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