井下应急广播通信系统(有线调度广播通讯系统)任意接入.pdf
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1、中國文化大學文學院史學系 博士論文 Doctors Dissertation Graduate School of History College of Liberal Arts Chinese Culture University 五代時期的政權更迭與地理形勢 The Regimes Change and the Geographical Situation in China during Five Dynasties Period 指導教授:王吉林先生 Advisor:Professor Chi-Lin Wang 研 究 生:黃英士 Graduate Student:Ying-Shih H
2、uang 中華民國 105 11 月 Nov 2016 I II 摘要摘要 承唐授宋的五代,向來被視為大唐帝國之殘局,其實也是歷史大 轉捩時期的起點,經過五代逾半世紀的紊亂與重整,催生了文化璀璨 的宋朝。在北宋建國 167 年之後,再度因為北方遊牧民族之壓迫而偏 安江南。國防上,導致外族入侵宋朝的原因,最常見的指責就是石敬 瑭割燕雲之地與契丹,然則,失去燕山之險的中原王朝,從此不再能 夠反制契丹的入侵了嗎? 唐末的河東軍兩度東出佔領幽州,主導河北諸鎮,繼而建後唐、 滅後梁;五代後晉的河東軍數度不支援河北戰場,導致中原遭契丹滅 國;後漢則由太原南下接收契丹留下的中原殘局。由確保首都安全的 角度,
3、太原位置與幽州互為表裏而成為中原肩背,北宋無論建都於開 封或洛陽,都以嚴控太原,置重兵於河北、河東為必要之布置。不過, 北宋承襲後周集中強大中央禁軍於汴洛地區的經驗,又有北漢據太原 頑抗的教訓,更不至於再度將重兵布署在河東了。宋朝了解汴京地理 形勢不佳,企圖以兵險取代形勢,其決策顯然是根據短淺的 五代經驗,且有理則上的扞格。 人類歷史的治亂現象有其週期性,研究者也常受斷代區分的影響 而有所切割,然而歷史的發展卻環環相扣,難有始終。許多學者視宋 朝為治亂週期的轉捩起點,但其中存在著亂世整合不完全的遺憾,這 個遺憾不單是指幽州要域之未復,可能更加上幽州人對中原政權的認 同問題,這個宋朝建國之初即存
4、在的統一缺陷,深深地影響著北宋國 運。 本文嘗試將唐末的中原以四大區塊區分,經由爬梳五代政權的更 迭過程,探討此間的地理形勢運用情形,及其對國勢的影響。 關鍵詞:唐末、五代、宋初、戰爭史、地理形勢、戰略 III Abstract Five Dynasties has long been regarded as the remnants of the Tang Empire, in fact, it is also the starting point of the historical transition period. After nearly a century of disorder
5、and restructuring, the Five Dynasties gave birth to the culture of the Song Dynasty. 167 years after the founding, once again, Song Dynasty moved to the south of the Yangtze River because of the northern nomadic people invasion. In the national defense, the reason of causing nomadic invasion Song Dy
6、nasty, most common accusation was that ceded Youzhou(幽州) to the Khitan by Shi Jingtang(石敬瑭). However, that loss of Yanshan(燕山) border station, Would the Song Dynasty no longer be able to resist the Khitan invasion? The Hedong military(河東軍) occupied the Youzhou twice in the end of Tang Dynasty, leadi
7、ng the Hebei(河北) warlords defeated the HouLiang(後梁) Dynasty and set up the HouTang(後唐) Dynasty. Later, HouJin(後晉) was destroyed by the Khitan that cause of The Hedong military does not support the Hebei battlefield three times. The HouHan(後漢) Dynasty established in Hedong and received the Central Pl
8、ains regime which was derelict by the Khitan. So, if our point based on the protection of the security of the capital that will found Taiyuan(太原) and Youzhou position of location are complementary to each other and can be rely of the Central Plains regime. No matter the Songs capital at Kaifeng(開封)
9、or Luoyang(洛陽). Song Dynasty should make up a powerful troops in Hebei and Taiyuan and must be exercise strict control over them. The problem is that the Song dynasty inherited the strong central army concentrated in the Kaifeng(開封) area, as well as the BeiHan(北漢) had occupied Taiyuan recalcitrant,
10、those unpleasant IV experience let the Song Dynasty did not put important military in the Hedong again. Therefore, Kaifeng flawed geography situation makes the Song Dynasty so trying to cantonment large numbers of troops to replace the geographic situation, its decision was obviously based on the sh
11、ort experience of the Five Dynasties. This paper try to divide Central Plains area with four large blocks. Through the historical record of Five Dynasties regime change process and display the impact of geographical situation for Five Dynasties. Key words:China history,Five Dynasties,War history,Geo
12、graphical situation,Military strategy. V 目錄 第一章緒論 目錄 第一章緒論 1 一、研究動機與目的1 二、時空斷限與研究方法4 三、文獻探討與研究回顧10 四、章節安排與基本論軸21 第二章唐末藩鎮與朱溫擴張第二章唐末藩鎮與朱溫擴張 . 23 第一節 唐末藩鎮與河南道第一節 唐末藩鎮與河南道. 24 一、河南藩鎮脈絡24 二、唐末亂象一瞥34 三、河南地理與汴梁形勢39 第二節 朱溫的體制內擴張第二節 朱溫的體制內擴張. 50 一、唐末宣武軍的改變50 二、兼併義成覬覦淮南55 第三節 吞噬河南的用兵特點第三節 吞噬河南的用兵特點. 62 一、西面解決
13、秦宗權部62 二、徐汴構怨的歷史書寫66 三、東向併吞鄆兗淄青75 第四節 河東地位與朱李之爭第四節 河東地位與朱李之爭. 80 一、由軍事戰略角度論朱李爭戰 80 二、汴軍首侵河北時的河東91 三、汴軍西進關中時的河中101 四、朱溫弒帝引發的反彈效應 108 第三章 五代前期的政權更迭與地理形勢第三章 五代前期的政權更迭與地理形勢 116 第一節 後梁建國前後的困境第一節 後梁建國前後的困境116 VI 一、河朔藩鎮特性與兵源消耗 116 二、汴軍轉戰四境的疲憊效應 120 三、西軍與河東協力抗梁122 第二節 河北藩鎮的臣服與抗拒第二節 河北藩鎮的臣服與抗拒 128 一、河中對太原的牽制
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