2015届高三英语 名校试题解析分项汇编(第01期)专题14 阅读理解-科普知识(含解析).doc
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1、2015届高三英语 名校试题解析分项汇编(第01期)专题14 阅读理解-科普知识(含解析)D【河北省邯郸市2015届高三上学期1月份教学质量检测】 Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought m
2、any problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year. Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car-choked cities as much as a th
3、ird of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park. Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold-ups. “Connected cars”-which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a hum
4、an at the wheel-can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic-management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots. Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distanc
5、e and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their on-board sensors(传感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls(道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush-hours; Britain
6、 is pioneering “smart motorways”, whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a similar effect. Combined, these new inventions could create a much more highlyeffective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways, traffic always flows at the proper sp
7、eed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing. In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.【小题1】According to Paragrap
8、h 2, the problem of parking has resulted in _.A. more time on the roadB. a great waste of fuelC. even heavier traffic jams D. increased death and injuries【小题2】What does “a similar effect” in the Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Reducing traffic jams.B. Building smart motorways.C. Setting proper speed limits.
9、D. Keeping steady traffic flows.【小题3】What is the authors attitude towards connected cars?A. Curious.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Disappointed.【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A. The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels B. The Future Traffic Management SystemC. The Benefits an
10、d Problems of Cars D. The Promising Future of Car Production【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】A【解析】考点:科技类短文阅读C【江西省吉安市第一中学2015届高三上学期第二次阶段考】Talking plants might sound like characters in a fairy tale. But recent scientific studies have shown that plants communicate with each other and with other living things
11、 in a surprising number of ways. To understand them, scientists say, we just have to learn their language. Farmers are especially interested in what plants have to say. “Plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms(有机体). They can communicate with giant bacteria, with other plants and w
12、ith insects. They do this chemically, ”said Cahill, an Ecology Professor of the University of Alberta in Canada. Plant scientists are just beginning to understand this chemical “language”. Cahill says studies have shown, for example, that plants can evaluate conditions in their immediate environment
13、 and take appropriate actions. Plants have an ability, for example, to signal pain or discomfort caused by anything from temperature extremes to an insect attack. Jack Schultz, a professor of chemical ecology at the University of Missouri, says when a plant senses that its being eaten, it cannot wal
14、k away from trouble;on the contrary, it will release a chemical vapor that alerts other plants nearby. “Their language is a chemical language, and it involves chemicals that move through the air, which are easily to be changed, and most of all are smells that we are familiar with, ” Schultz explaine
15、d. “All plants responded to the attack by changing their chemistry to defend themselves, ” Schultz recalled. “But we were quite surprised to find that nearby plants also changed their chemistry to defend themselves, even though they were not part of the experiment. ”Studies have also shown that plan
16、ts under attack release pleasant chemicals. Those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant. In the end, plants ability to communicate their needsand our ability to understand themcould help farmers reduce the use of poisonous chemicals, cut operating costs and limit
17、damage to the environment. 【小题1】. The recent scientific studies have shown that plants can _. A. communicate with other living things in a chemical wayB. hardly react to any sudden change in temperatureC. use a very special chemical language which is familiar to usD. respond to the attack by giving
18、off poisonous chemicals【小题2】. When being eaten by a pest, the plant will _. A. walk away from troubleB. change its chemistry to kill the insectC. release a chemical vapor to “ask” other plants for helpD. give off nice chemicals to attract friendly insects to a tack the pest【小题3】. The underlined word
19、 “alerts” most probably means “_”. A. warns B. protects C. threatens D. allows【小题4】. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Communication between Plants B. A Chemical “Language”C. Plants Can Talk D. How Plants Protect Themselves【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】A【小题4】C 考点:科研类文章B【山西省大同一中、同煤一中2015届高三联考
20、】 Apparently everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme. A hot, dry summer has caused another flood of such claims. And one of the players that benefit the most from this story is the media: the idea of “extreme” climate simply makes for more exciting news. Consider Paul Krug
21、man writing breathlessly in The New York Times about the “rising incidence of extreme events.” He claims that global warming caused the current drought in Americas Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis(危机)。 But the United Nationss latest assessment tel
22、ls us precisely the oppositethere has an overall slight tendency toward less dryness in North America. Moreover, there is no way that Krugman could have identified this drought as being caused by global warming without a time machine since climate models estimate that such detection will be possible
23、 by 2048, at the earliest. And, fortunately, this years drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis, as global rice and wheat supplies are plentiful. Moreover, Krugman overlooks inflation(通货膨胀):Prices have increased six-fold since 1969.So, the inflation-adjusted price of corn was higher througho
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