【人工智能】溯因逻辑科学哲学和人工智能.pdf
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1、Seeking Explanations:Abduction in Logic,Philosophy of Scienceand Arti cal IntelligenceAtocha Aliseda-LLeraSeeking Explanations:Abduction in Logic,Philosophy of Scienceand Arti cal IntelligenceILLC Dissertation Series 1997-4institute for logic, language and computationFor further information about IL
2、LC-publications, please contactInstitute for Logic, Language and ComputationUniversiteit van AmsterdamPlantage Muidergracht 241018 TV Amsterdamphone: +31-20-5256090fax: +31-20-5255101e-mail: illcwins.uva.nlSEEKING EXPLANATIONS:ABDUCTION IN LOGIC, PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCEAND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEa dis
3、sertationsubmitted to the department of philosophyinterdepartmental program in philosophy and symbolic systemsand the committee on graduate studiesof stanford universityin partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree ofdoctor of philosophyByAtocha Aliseda-LLeraAugust 1997Promotor: Prof.dr.
4、J. van BenthemFaculteit Wiskunde en InformaticaUniversiteit van AmsterdamPlantage Muidergracht 241018 TV AmsterdamThe investigations were supported by the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,Instituto de Investigaciones Filoso cas.Copyright c1997 by Atocha Aliseda-LLeraISBN: 9074795730ContentsAc
5、knowledgements ix1 What is Abduction?Overview and Proposal for Investigation 11.1 What is Abduction? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 The Founding Father: C.S. Peirce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.3 Philosophy of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6、 . . . . . . . 141.4 Arti cial Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.5 Further Fields of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.6 A Taxonomy for Abduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.7 Thesis Aim and Overview . . . . . . . .
7、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Abduction as Logical Inference 352.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.2 Directions in Reasoning:Forward and Backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.3 Formats of Inference:Premises and Backgr
8、ound Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.4 Inferential Strength: A Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.5 Requirements for Abductive Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.6 Styles of Inference and Structural Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.7 St
9、ructural Rules For Abduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.8 Further Logical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66vii2.9 Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732.10 Further Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、 . . . . . . . . 742.11 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 Abduction as Computation 793.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793.2 Procedural Abduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.3 Intr
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