“互联网+”的变与不变 .pdf
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1、nother state). When a user fails to perform an instruction as instructed, we chose to have the help send the user back to that same instruction or to do the step automatically depending on the instruction. When an instruction has already been completed by the user, the help system also skips to the
2、next sticky note instruction automatically. Examples Most questions asked by the first time users of Ymap seemed to be either goal questions or procedural questions. Therefore we added an “example tasks” sticky so that users could see what kind of tasks was possible and consequently learn by followi
3、ng real example tasks. Ordering the examples from simple to complex was helpful, and for consistency we added a “Learn the interface” example task used as the default menu item when the initial introductory sticky notes are visible. 4 Conclusions As the length of the guideline section suggests, we f
4、ound that it was not easy to design and effective set of sticky notes explanations for Ymap. Nevertheless it was clear that this process was made much easier by the use of a multi-layered approach. The multi-layered approach naturally simplified the task of structuring the help information. Each lev
5、el was explained with a smaller set of sticky notes and it was easier to organize them in series or parallel groups. We attempted to create an equivalent set of explanations for the single-layer version of the interface but were quickly discouraged to do so by users who found the already complex all
6、-at-once interface even more overwhelming with all the sticky notes overlapping it. The multi-layered approach seems promising. It facilitates the discovery of the simpler features, bringing more satisfaction to more users who may never seek the more advanced features. Our current results highlight
7、the benefits of the Integrated Initial Guidance approach but also the challenges in designing and implementing this new approach. Acknowledgments This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA 0129978 (see also http:/ils.unc.edu/govstat/) an
8、d the US Census Bureau. References Carroll, J.M. (1997). Minimalism beyond the Nurnberg Funnel, MIT Press, Cambridge. Harrison, S.M. (1995). A comparison of still, animated, or nonillustrated on-line help with written or spoken instructions in a graphical user interface, In proceedings on Human fact
9、ors in computing systems, CHI95, 82-89, ACM, New York. Knabe, K. (1995). Apple guide: a case study in user-aided design of online help, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, May 1995. McGrenere, J., Baecker, R. & Booth, K. (2002). An evaluation of a multiple interface design so
10、lution for bloated software, In Proceedings of CHI02 Human Factors in Computing Systems, 163-170, ACM, New York. Palmiter, S., Elkerton, J. & Baggett, P. (1991). Animated demonstrations vs. written instructions for learning procedural tasks: A preliminary investigation, International Journal of Man-
11、Machine Studies, 34, 687-701. Shneiderman, B. (1998). Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (third edition), Addison-Wesley Publishers, Reading, MA. Shneiderman, B. (2000). Universal Usability: Pushing human-computer interaction research to empower every c
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