魏略_The_Peoples_of_the_West.pdf
《魏略_The_Peoples_of_the_West.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《魏略_The_Peoples_of_the_West.pdf(22页珍藏版)》请在文库网上搜索。
1、from the Weilue 魏略by Yu Huan 魚豢A Third Century Chinese AccountComposed between 239 and 265 CEQuoted in zhuan 30 of the SanguozhiPublished in 429 CEDraft English translationbyJohn E. Hill September, 2004“I was not born knowledgeable,I am devoted to antiquity and am quick to seek knowledge.”Kong Qiu 孔
2、丘 (Confucius).Lunyu, 7, 19.ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsIntroductionAbout this TranslationAbout Fonts and CharactersAbout the TextTranslators NotesAbout the Dating and Background of the TextBackground ReadingAbout Measurements and Administrative DivisionsThe TextSection 1. The Di TribesSection 2.
3、The Zilu TribesSection 3. The Qiang TribesSection 4. The three main overland routes to the Western RegionsSection 5. The Southern RouteSection 6. The Kingdom of Linni (Lumbini)Section 7. The Kingdom of Juli (the Eastern Division of the Kushan Empire)Section 8. The Kingdom of Panyue (Pandya)Section 9
4、. The Central RouteSection 10. Previous MisconceptionsSection 11. Da Qin (Roman territory/Rome)Section 12. Products of Da Qin (Roman territory) Product ListSection 13. The Sea Route to Da Qin (Roman territory)Section 14. Roman DependenciesSection 15. The Kingdom of Zesan (Azania)Section 16. The King
5、dom of Lfen (Leuk Kom or modern Al Wajh)Section 17. The Kingdom of Qielan (Wadi Sirhan)Section 18. The Kingdom of Xiandu (Aynnah = Leukos Limn?)Section 19. The Kingdom of Sifu (Petra)Section 20. The Kingdom of Yuluo (Karak)Section 21. The Kingdom of SiluoWeilue: The Peoples of the West1Section 22. T
6、he Far WestSection 23. The New Route of the NorthSection 24. The Kingdom of Northern Wuyi (Khujand)Section 25. The Kingdoms of Liu, Yan, and Yancai (the Alans)Section 26. The Kingdom of HudeSection 27. The Kingdom of Jiankun (Khirgiz)Section 28. The Kingdom of DinglingSection 29. The Kingdom of Duan
7、ren (Pygmies)Section 30. The Authors CommentsAbbreviations and BibliographyAppendicesA. The Main Caravan Routes.B. The territories of Haixi, Haibei and Haidong.C. The “Great Seas” and the “Western Sea.”D. Sea Silk.E. Wild Silks.F. Maritime Commerce and Shipping during the Han Period.G. The Water Cis
8、terns on the Route between Petra and Wadi Sirhan.H. The Identification of the City of Angu with Ancient Gerrha and Modern Thaj.I. The Spread of Ideas and Religions along the Trade Routes.J. Climate and other Changes along the Silk Routes.K. The Identification of Jibin as Kapisha-Gandhra.L. The Intro
9、duction of Silk Cultivation to Khotan in the 1st Century CE.M. The Canals and Roads from the Red Sea to the Nile.N. Kanishkas Hostage in History and Legend.PrefaceThere are several important Chinese texts relating to the early development of the “Silk Routes” that have not beentranslated into Englis
10、h previously. They include the Chapter on the Western Regions, several biographies of theChinese generals who expanded Chinese power to the west, from the Hou Hanshu (covering the period from 25-220 CE);and an important 3rd century geographical and historical text called the Weilue. My aim is to com
11、plete up-to-date, fullyannotated translations of these texts, and make them easily available to all. My first translation, a draft annotated version of The Western Regions According to the Hou Hanshu, appeared on theSilk Road Seattle website in May of 2002. The response from readers was beyond any e
12、xpectations. I was inundated witha wealth of new material, comments and suggestions from scholars in more than 30 countries. This led to a thoroughrevision and updating of my original draft which had been available on this site since July 2003. It is presently beingrevised once more before being pub
13、lished in book form. I am hoping, by the publication of this draft version of my annotated translation of the Weilue on the same site to elicita similar response. This should lead to a more accurate and useful final document. I intend to add the biographies ofseveral of the Chinese generals who were
14、 instrumental in opening the main “Silk Routes” to the west at a later date. I have included a number of lengthy quotations in the notes because I believe they are of importance, well-stated, andof particular interest. I have also included some notes sent to me privately in emails. I have tried to g
15、et permission fromall these correspondents but have not heard back from all of them yet. If authors have any objections to my use of theirmaterial I hope they will contact me and I will gladly make adjustments. Some of the longer notes, which may be of more general interest, I have included as Appen
16、dices at the end of thedocument so they can be easily found and accessed. Publishing this translation will, I hope, make the Weilue of interest to the general reader, while retaining enoughinformation in the notes to make it useful for specialists. I have tried to keep the text itself as uncluttered
17、 as possible sothat it may be comfortably read as a whole. I hope the work will help rekindle interest in the extensive early contacts and exchanges between East and West, andhow they shaped the development of our cultures and our technologies. May it inspire readers to search for answers tosome of
18、the many remaining mysteries in the text. I also hope that you will share at least some of the great pleasure Ihave received while studying this fascinating work. Your comments, corrections, criticisms or suggestions are most welcome and will be taken into account in futurerevisions and, if used, fu
19、ll credit will be given. Please contact me directly not through the Silk Road Seattle website. IWeilue: The Peoples of the West2will try to answer any questions my contact details are:John E. HillPO Box 467Cooktown, Qld.,AUSTRALIA 4895Email: AcknowledgementsMany, many people have helped to encourage
20、 me and with the research that went into this new draft version of theWeilue.I would like to acknowledge the constant help and encouragement I have received from Jo Wynter, my belovedpartner of almost 30 years. Without her untiring patience and constant help, editing and suggestions, none of myhisto
21、rical work would have ever come to fruition.My special thanks go to Professor Fida Hassnain, who originally fired my enthusiasm in early Indian history, tookme to visit many Kushan sites, helped me explore the archaeological collections held in Kashmir, while conveying theknowledge he had gained thr
22、ough his long career; Professor Daniel Waugh for his encouragement and for making itpossible to publish my work on the Silk Road Seattle website; and to Professor Victor M. Mair for ongoing advice andassistance. Others who have generously provided valuable help include:Nettie K. Adams, Dr. Farhad As
23、sar, Dr. Thomas Bartlett, Professor Christopher I. Beckwith, Dr. Craig Benjamin,Professor Alison Betts, Professor E. Bruce Brooks, Professor Felix Chami, Dr. T. Matthew Ciolek, Professor JoeCribb, Chris M. Dorneich, Professor tienne de la Vaissire, Aayko Eyma, Professor Richard N. Frye, ProfessorM.
24、Gawlikowski, Dan Gibson, Gaston Giulliani, Dr. Irene L. Good, Dr. David T. Graf, Paul Greenhall, ChrisHopkins, Professor Karl Jettmar, Agnes Korn, Henriette Kress, Whalen Lai, Valrie Lefebvre-Aladwi, RenzoLucherini, Pavel Lurje, Thomas K. Mallon-McCorgray, Dr. Michael Macdonald, Professor Daniel L.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- _The_Peoples_of_the_West