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1、The British Parliamentary Debate FormatRobert Trapp,Willamette UniversityYang Ge,Dalian Nationalities UniversityA debate format consists of a description of the teams in the debate and the order and timesfor the speeches that make up that debate.The British Parliamentary debate format1differsfrom ma
2、ny other formats because it involves four teams rather than two.Two teams,calledthe“First Proposition”and the“Second Proposition”teams,are charged with theresponsibility of supporting the proposition while two other teams,“First Opposition”and“Second Opposition,”are charged with opposing it.Two spea
3、kers represent each of the four teams and each speaker gives a speech of sevenminutes.The following chart describes the basic format and time limits.As you will seefrom the chart,each speaker is given a unique title.British Parliamentary Debate FormatSpeakerTimePrime Minister1stspeaker for 1stpropos
4、ition:7 minutesLeader of Opposition1stspeaker for 1stopposition:7 minutesDeputy Prime Minister2ndspeaker for 1stproposition:7 minutesDeputy Leader of Opposition2ndspeaker for 1stopposition:7 minutesMember of Government1stspeaker for 2ndproposition:7 minutesMember of Opposition1stspeaker for 2ndoppos
5、ition:7 minutesGovernment Whip2ndspeaker for 2ndproposition:7 minutesOpposition Whip2ndspeaker for 2ndopposition:7 minutes1British Parliamentary debate sometimes is referred to as Worlds-style debate or simplyfour-team debate.British Parliamentary Debate FormatPage 2 of 9As can be seen from the tabl
6、e above,the first four speeches are delivered by the FirstProposition and the First Opposition teams then the last four speeches are delivered by theSecond Proposition and Second Opposition teams.Therefore,the First Proposition and FirstOpposition teams generally are responsible for the first half o
7、f the debate and the SecondProposition and Second Opposition teams have the responsibility for the second half.The table above describes all of the formal speeches but it does not describe one of the mostimportant and dynamic parts of the debate:points of information.Points of informationprovide opp
8、ortunities for members of each team to interact with members of the teamsdefending the opposite side of the motion2.Points of information can be requested after the first minute of a speech and prior to the lastminute of the speech.The first and last minute of each speech is“protected”againstinterru
9、ption.The point of information can last no more than fifteen seconds and may take theform of a question,a statement,or an argument.Only a debater defending the opposite side of the proposition as the speaker can request apoint of information.In other words,the debaters for the proposition can reques
10、t points ofinformation of members of the opposition teams and vice versa.To request a point ofinformation,a debater rises and politely says something like“point of information please,”or“on that point.”The debater giving the speech has the authority to accept or to refuse the request for a pointof i
11、nformation.In general,debaters should accept a minimum of two points during theirspeech so that the judges and the audience will know they are able to answer points quicklyand directly.Accepting more than one or two points is not advisable because to do so mayhave the effect of disrupting the speech
12、.To refuse a point of information,the debater maysay something like“No thank you”or“not at this time,”or may simply use a hand gesture toindicate the person should take return to their seat.If the request for a point of information is accepted,the person who has requested the pointhas a maximum of f
13、ifteen seconds to make the point.As stated earlier,the point can be aquestion,a statement,or an argument.Sometimes points of information are made to force anopponent to clarify a position but more commonly,they are made to attempt to undermine anargument being made by the speaker.After accepting a p
14、oint of information,the speaker should answer the question directly.Theperson offering the point of information is not allowed to follow-up with additional questions.Points of information are among the most important and most interesting parts of BritishParliamentary debate because they introduce an
15、 element of spontaneity to the debate and giveeach debater the chance to demonstrate critical thinking skills.Although points of information are a common occurrence in every speech in the debate,eachspeech contains elements that are unique to that speech.The following table explains the2The topic fo
16、r the debate is called the motion,proposition,resolution,or sometimes just thedebate topic.All of these words are used interchangeably.Chapter OnePage 3 of 9basic responsibilities of each speaker in British Parliamentary debate.Following the table isa fuller explanation of the responsibilities of ea
17、ch speech.Speaker Responsibilities for British Parliamentary DebateSpeakerSpeaker ResponsibilitiesPrime Minister1stspeaker for 1stproposition:Defines and interprets the motionDevelops the case for the propositionLeader of Opposition1stspeaker for 1stopposition:Accepts the definition of the motionRef
18、utes the case of the 1stpropositionConstructs one or more arguments against the PrimeMinisters interpretation of the motion.Deputy Prime Minister2ndspeaker for 1stproposition:Refutes the case of the 1stoppositionRebuilds the case of the 1stpropositionMay add new arguments to the case of the 1stpropo
19、sitionDeputy Leader of Opposition2ndspeaker for 1stopposition:Continues refutation of case of 1stpropositionRebuilds arguments of the 1stoppositionMay add new arguments to the case of the 1stoppositionMember of Government1stspeaker for 2ndproposition:Defends the general direction and case of the 1st
20、propositionContinues refutation of 1stopposition teamDevelops a new argument that is different from butconsistent with the case of the 1stproposition(sometimescalled an extension).Member of Opposition1stspeaker for 2ndopposition:Defends the general direction taken by the 1stopposition.Continues gene
21、ral refutation of 1stproposition caseProvides more specific refutation of 2ndoppositionProvides new opposition argumentsGovernment Whip2ndspeaker for 2ndproposition:Summarizes the entire debate from the point of view ofthe proposition,defending the general view point of bothproposition teams with a
22、special eye toward the case ofthe 2ndpropositionDoes not provide new arguments.Opposition Whip2ndspeaker for 2ndopposition:Summarizes the entire debate from the point of view ofthe opposition,defending the general view point of bothopposition teams with a special eye toward the case ofthe 2ndopposit
23、ionDoes not provide new arguments.British Parliamentary Debate FormatPage 4 of 9The following sections briefly describe the speeches given by each of the eight speakerslisted in the previous table.These are very brief descriptions that will be expanded in laterchapters.Prime MinisterThe debate begin
24、s with a seven-minute speech by the Prime Minister.The Prime Ministerhas two basic responsibilities:to define and interpret the motion and to develop the case forthe proposition.The first of these responsibilities is to define and interpret the motion fordebate.The definition and interpretation is p
25、articularly important because it sets the stage forthe entire debate.Remember,the Prime Minster has the right to define the motion and theresponsibility to do so in a reasonable fashion.Therefore,if the Prime Ministersinterpretation is a poor one,the likely result will be a poor debate.In order to p
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