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1、夏闲期施肥与覆盖处理对旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分利用的影响摘要:本文旨在探讨夏闲期施肥与覆盖处理对旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分利用的影响。本研究采集的样本来自湖北省恩施市的旱地冬小麦田试验。采用不同夏闲期施肥组合和覆盖处理,实施田间定位试验,进行产量和土壤水分利用效果对比分析。结果表明,夏闲期施肥组合和覆盖处理使旱地冬小麦产量明显增加,土壤水分利用指数增加18.54-21.38%;覆盖处理的相对值显著高于施肥单独施用的情况,但相比而言,施肥作用有优势;另外,土壤水分利用效果受施肥组合和覆盖处理影响更大。因此,要更好地利用土壤水分,在旱地冬小麦种植中,可以通过正确配比的夏闲期施肥组合和覆盖处理来提高产
2、量。Introduction:Climate change has a significant impact on crop production. It is estimated that the global average temperature will continue to rise, resulting in increasing drought stress and water scarcity in the future. In order to cope with such changes, it is necessary to strengthen the study o
3、f soil water use efficiency and increase grain yield in dry land winter wheat. Therefore, this study focuses on the effects of summer fallow fertilization and cover treatment on yield and soil water use of dry land winter wheat. Materials and Methods:The experiment was conducted at a winter wheat fi
4、eld in Enshi City, Hubei Province. Different combinations of summer fallow fertilization and cover treatments were used. There were four treatments: CK (without fertilization and no cover); N (with fertilization and no cover); NP (with fertilization and with cover); P (without fertilization but with
5、 cover). The yield and soil water use efficiency of the wheat field were measured and compared.Results and Discussions:Results showed that the combination of fertilizer application and cover treatment significantly increased the yields of winter wheat in dry land. The soil water use efficiency index
6、 increased by 18.54-21.38%. The relative values of the cover treatment were significantly higher than that of the single fertilizer application, but compared with fertilizer treatment, the former had an advantage. Furthermore, the effect of soil water utilization was affected more by the combination
7、 of fertilization and cover treatment. Conclusion:Overall, the findings of this study suggested that proper ratios of summer fallow fertilization and cover treatment could improve yields in dry land winter wheat. To better utilize soil water, using the right combination of summer fallow fertilizatio
8、n and cover treatment could improve yields.Therefore, it is of great importance to carry out summer fallow fertilization and cover treatment in order to increase the soil water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat in dry regions. To improve the effects of summer fallow fertilization and co
9、ver treatments, it is important to select the right ratio of fertilizers and cover materials so that the soil can absorb water more quickly and efficiently. It is also necessary to improve the soil structure by applying more organic fertilizers and conducting tillage properly. At the same time, it i
10、s important to develop more water-efficient varieties of winter wheat that have higher drought resistance and better water use efficiency. With appropriate measures and technologies, we can effectively reduce the negative impacts of climate change and water scarcity on winter wheat production.In add
11、ition, farmers should also be encouraged to implement proper irrigation strategies and modern irrigation technologies to increase water use efficiency in winter wheat production. Water-saving irrigation systems can be used to reduce water losses and improve crop productivity through better water man
12、agement. Farmers should also take advantage of meteorological information such as soil moisture, temperature, and rainfall, to adjust their planting and irrigation methods accordingly. It is also important to pay attention to the effects of weeds and pests on winter wheat production, and take approp
13、riate pest control measures when needed. All these measures can help to ensure the sustainability of winter wheat production in the face of changing climatic conditions and water scarcity.Finally, it is important for farmers to seek advice from agricultural experts and local government to help them
14、make informed decisions about their summer fallow fertilization and cover treatments. In addition, investment in agricultural research is necessary to help farmers understand the best practices for increasing water use efficiency and improving grain yields in dry land winter wheat production. These
15、results can then be used by farmers to make better decisions on their fertilization and cover treatments. By taking such measures, we can ensure that winter wheat production remains sustainable and profitable in the face of changing climatic conditions and water scarcity.Agricultural institutions an
16、d research organizations should also continue to develop new and improved technologies and techniques that can improve water use efficiency and enhance winter wheat production in dry climates. These technologies should take into account the local climatic and environmental conditions, as well as the
17、 specific needs and requirements of the farmers. In addition, access to appropriate information and education is important for farmers so that they can understand the best practices for improving yields and water efficiency in winter wheat farming. With the help of experts and the right technologies
18、, dry land winter wheat farming can be made more sustainable and productive for the benefit of the environment and the farmers.To conclude, there are various measures that can be taken to ensure sustainable winter wheat production in the face of climate change and water scarcity. These include impro
19、ving soil structure, selecting drought tolerant varieties, proper irrigation strategies, controlling pests and weeds, and seeking advice from experts. It is also important to invest in research and development so that farmers can access appropriate information and technologies to increase water use
20、efficiency and enhance yields. With the right measures and technologies,winter wheat production can remain profitable and sustainable in the future.Governments, research organizations, and agricultural institutions should continue to collaborate to develop and implement policies and strategies that
21、will help farmers improve winter wheat production in dry climates. These could include subsidizing the costs of modern irrigation equipment, providing training to farmers on water-saving techniques, and improving access to meteorological data. Additionally, governments should support research and de
22、velopment in the field of winter wheat production to identify strategies and technologies that can increase water use efficiency and enhance yields. With the right measures in place, we can ensure the long-term sustainability of winter wheat production in the face of climate change and water scarcit
23、y.Finally, it is important to promote environmental awareness among farmers so that they are aware of the crucial role they play in conserving and preserving water resources. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt sustainable practices such as rainwater harvesting, mulching, and less intensive irriga
24、tion, which can help reduce water consumption and preserve water for future generations of winter wheat growers. By taking such measures, we can ensure that winter wheat production remains sustainable and profitable in the face of changing climatic conditions and water scarcity.Furthermore, governme
25、nt incentives should also be provided to encourage farmers to adopt sustainable farming practices. For example, subsidies can be given for the purchase of drought-tolerant varieties and technologies, or for improving soil health. This can help reduce the financial burden on farmers and increase their capacity to cope with the impacts of climate change and water scarcity. By investing in research, providing appropriate information and training, and offering government incentives, winter wheat production can remain sustainable and profitable in the face of climate change and water scarcity.