2018高考英语二轮复习知识技巧梳理专题5特殊句式含解析202005191141.doc
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1、特殊句型考向预测特殊句型是英语学习中必须掌握的难点知识,熟练地掌握和使用对提高应试能力有很大的帮助。通过近几年试题的分析与研究,主要从以下几个方面进行考查:倒装句、强调句和省略句。在学习时,首先应弄清楚如何正确地使用,其次要在具体的语境中灵活使用。考点定位近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句,把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起,考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。考点1 强调句- 强调句结构及其中的who和that强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。无论强调那个部分,其后面的连接词只能用
2、who或者that。被强调的部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调的部分不指人时,切不可因为强调的是时间、地点、原因或者方式状语而用when, where, why或how,此时必须用that。如: It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again正是在战争结束后爱因斯坦才得以重新回到研究工作中去。It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed那位老太太是在银行的前面被抢劫的。It is wh
3、en he got back that he knew what had happened他回来后才知道所发生的情况。It was the goats eyes that he had seen in the darkness他在黑暗中看到的就是这只山羊的眼睛。特别提示强调句中的主谓一致性:当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如:It is my mother who cooks every day每天煮饭的是我妈妈。 It is he who is wrong是他错了。【典例】If nature does not provide man with the necess
4、ary material, it is the laboratory _ he will turn to for it.AwhereBthatCwhichDwhat【答案】B【解析】考查强调句型。句意:如果自然界不能为人类提供必要的物质,他就会向实验室求助。主句用的是强调句型,被强调部分是宾语the laboratory.考点2 强调句-强调状语部分强调句所强调的状语部分可以是介词短语、副词或状语从句。如:1.强调介词短语It is not without an effort that wen can expect to succeed. 不经努力,我们不能指望成功。2.强调状语从句It wa
5、s before he went to London that he had learned English for three years他在去伦敦之前已经学了三年英语。(强调时间)It was where you have questions that youd better make a mark最好在你有疑问的地方做个记号。(强调地点)It was because she was ill that she didnt come to the party她没来参加聚会是因为她病了。(强调原因)It is as the Party tells us that we must do我们必须做
6、的就是听从党的安排。(强调方式)It is as long as you promise to be back before 8:00 that you can go out只要你保证八点以前回来你就可以出去。(强调条件)3.强调not until结构It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him. 直到母亲把一切都告诉他,Jack才明白母亲为什么生他的气。特别提示not until 引导的复合句放于句首时,主句须用倒装语序。但如果放于被强调的位置,则
7、that后的主谓不倒装。如: It wasnt until I got off the bus that I realized it直到下车我才意识到这一点。(强调句)Not until I got off the bus did I realize it直到下车我才意识到这一点。(倒装句)【典例】It was not until midnight _ we got home because of traffic jams.AthatBwhenCwhileDas【答案】A【解析】考查强调句型。notuntil句型有两种强调的方式:一种是将not until短语提至句首,主句采用部分倒装语序;第
8、二种方式是采用一般强调句型结构,只是要把否定词转移到until前边去。此题采用的是第二种强调方式,它的第一种强调方式为:Not until midnight did we get home because of traffic jams.考点3 强调句 - 强调句的疑问句1一般疑问句。结构为:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分?如:Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗?2特殊疑问句。结构为:特殊疑问词(what/Who/when/Why/)Where/How)+is/was it
9、+ that/who+句子其他成分?如:Why is it that smoking is not allowed here? 为什么这儿不允许吸烟? 考点4 强调句-强调句与主语从句、定语从句和状语从句的辨析1. 掌握强调句与“It is/wasthat. Clause.”式主语从句的使用区别。主句从句中it is/was后通常用名词或形词作表语,而强调句中it is/was后被强调的成分是主语、宾语或状语。如: It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive. 那个受伤的士兵还活着,真是个奇迹。(主语从句)It is a won
10、der that we visited yesterday. 我们昨天参观的是一个奇迹。(强调句)2定语从句的引导词(即关系代词和关系副词)在从句的使用过程中较为丰富,如who,that,which,whose,when,where,why等,与充当先行词的名词或代词存在修饰与被修饰的关系;而强调句中的引导词只有who和that,强调人时,用who或that,强调其他时,只用that,且与被强调的部分不存在修饰与被修饰的关系。如:It was 2009 when she graduated from the senior high schoo1那是2009年,她高中毕业的时候。(定语从句)It
11、 was in 2009 that she graduated from the senior high school. 她高中毕业是在2009年。(强调句)3. 容易与强调句混淆的时间状语从句主要有:(1)It is/was+时间+since从句。有两种含义:如果since从句中的谓语动词是非延续性的。则译为“自从有多长时间了”;如果是延续性的,则译为“不做某事已有多长时间了”。如:It is three years since he joined the army自他参军以来已有三年了。It is many years since he smoked他没有吸烟已有好多年了。(2)It is
12、/will(not)be+时间段+before从句。表示”要过多久(不久)才”,before从句后的谓语动词多用一般现在时。如:It wont be long before you reach your goal你离成功不远了。(3)It Was+时间段+before从句。表示”过了多久才”。before从句后的谓语动词多用一般过去时。如:It was four hours before he finished the work,过了四小时他才完成工作。【典例】It is_ Tom often breaks the school roles_ makes his teacher unsatis
13、fied with himAwhat:thatBthat;whatCthat;thatDwhich; that【答案】C【解析】考查强调句型和主语从句。句意:是汤姆经常违反学校规定才让他的老师对他不满意的。本句是强调句型,被强调部分是主语从句that Tom often breaks the school rules。4. 谓语动词的强调强调句“It is/wasthat”一般不强调谓语动词,如果要强调谓语,用助动词do,does或did。如:The family did manage to send him to a technical schoo1家里的确设法让他上技术学校。考点5 倒装句
14、-全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装。主要有:1. 以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头,谓语动词多为be, come, go等,则需用全部倒装。如:There flows a river at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一条河。2.以then, now, thus开头,谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be, 主语又是名词/名词词组,则用全部倒装(若主语是代词,则不能倒装)。如:Now comes your turn! 该你了3当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be,
15、come,sit,live,stand,lie,exist等时,常用全部倒装。如:On the ground lay an old man,who was dying地上躺着一位老人,奄奄一息。4such作表语,置于句首,表示“这样的人/事物;上述的人/事物”。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。如:Such is their decision他们的决定就是这样。【典例】At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies Ch
16、ongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie【答案】A【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前,句子完全倒装,所以选A项。考点6 强调句-部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要有:1. 在疑问句中须部分倒装。但在疑问句中作主语的特殊疑问句里,不用倒装。如: Does he speak Chinese? 他说中国话吗? Who is in this room? 谁在这个房间里?2. 用于以so, nor, neither开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容,须部分倒装,且此句的谓语动
17、词应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致,但“so+主语+do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,它的主语与上文的主语相同,so相当于indeed,certainly。如:Mary has learned by heart 200 words,and So have I玛丽已经记住了200个单词,我也是这样。The girls study hard这些女孩学习刻苦。so they do她们的确如此。3在以never,seldom,not only,rarely,scarcely,in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。如:Little do I dream of seeing su
18、ch wonderful scenery我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。4. Only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。如:Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could be operation be conducted. 只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后,手术才能进行。5. 在sothat, suchthat句型中,当so, such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装,如So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room c
19、ould him. 他说话声音那样大,隔壁屋里的人都能听见。6在hardlywhen,no soonerthan,not until句型中,主句须部分倒装。如:Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow他一到,天就下起雪来了。7as引导的让步状语从句结构为:形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语。如: Tired as he was, he stayed up late. 他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。 Explain as I might, I could not make myself understood. 尽管我已经解释了,但我还是不被理解。 C
20、hild as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,可他知道很多。(注意开头的名词前无冠词)8在省略了if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should置于句首。如:Were I in your position,1 would not go我要是在你的位置上,我是不会去的。9however,no matter how引导的让步状语从句。如:However hard he worked,he couldnt solve the problem不管多努力,他就是解决不了那个问题。 【典例】1.We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about ho
21、w they workAwe think Bthink we Cwe do think Ddo we think【答案】 D【解析】考查倒装。Seldom为否定副词放句首,用部分倒装,故选D。句意为“我们因为笑话而笑,但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”【典例】2.Never_ Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.Adid we think Bhave we thoughtCwe thought Dwe have thought【答案】A【解析】倒装结构。当否定词never,not,hardly,seldom等放在句首的时候
22、,句子要部分倒装,根据语意可知,应用一般过去时,因此选A项。【典例】3.Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun【答案】【解析】考查倒装句。句意:直到离开家,他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。:not until引导的从句置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生,故用一般过去时。考点7 省略句 省略句的几个考察要点考点省略句的几个考查要点英语中,有时为了避免
23、重复,往往省去一个词或一些成分,这种语法现象称为省略。主要考查点有:1简单句的省略。祈使句省略主语you;某些句子结构省略谓语;部分问句同时省略主谓语;疑问句的答语省略;感叹句的省略;年龄和钟点的省略等。如: (You)Dont touch this button. 请(你)不要碰这个按钮。 (Is there) Anybody you want to see? 你想见什么人吗? Why(do)not (you do that)? (你)为什么不(做)呢? Are these people your friends? 这些人是你的朋友吗?Yes, they are (my friends).
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