中华人民共和国宪法EN.docx
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1、CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National Peoples Congress on December 4, 1982 and adopted at the First Session of the Eighted National Peoples Congress on March 29, 1993 )CONTENTSPREAMBLECHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLECHAPTER II THE FUNDAMENTAL RIG
2、HTS AND DUTIES OF CITIZENSCHAPTER III THE STRUCTURE OF THE STATESECTION 1 NATIONAL PEOPLES CONGRESSSECTION 2 THE PRESIDENT OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINASECTION 3 THE STATE COUNCILSECTION 4 THE CENTRAL MILITARY COMMISSIONSECTION 5 THE LOCAL PEOPLES CONGRESSES AND LOCAL PEOPLES GOVERNMENTS AT VARIO
3、US LEVELSSECTION 6 THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREASSECTION 7 THE PEOPLES COURTS AND THE PEOPLES PROCURATORATESCHAPTER IV THE NATIONAL FLAG, THE NATIONAL EMBLEM AND THE CAPITALPREAMBLEChina is a country with one of the longest histories in the world. The people of all of Chi
4、nas nationalities have jointly created a culture of grandeur and have a glorious revolutionary tradition.After 1840, feudal China was gradually turned into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. The Chinese people waged many successive heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and
5、for democracy and freedom.Great and earthshaking historical changes have taken place in China in the 20th century.The Revolution of 1911, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the Republic of China. But the historic mission of the Chinese people to overthrow imperia
6、lism and feudalism remained unaccomplished.After waging protracted and arduous struggles, armed and otherwise, along a zigzag course, the Chinese people of all nationalities led by the Communist Party of China with Chairman Mao Zedong as its leader ultimately,in 1949, overthrew the rule of imperiali
7、sm,feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, won a great victory in the New-Democratic Revolution and founded the Peoples Republic of China. Since then the Chinese people have taken control of state power and become masters of the country.After the founding of the Peoples Republic,China gradually achieve
8、d its transition from a New-Democratic to a socialist society. The socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production has been completed, the system of exploitation of man by man abolished and the socialist system established. The peoples democratic dictatorship led by the
9、working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants, which is in essence the dictatorship of the proletariat, has been consolidated and developed. The Chinese people and the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army have defeated imperialist and hegemonist aggression, sabotage and armed provocatio
10、ns and have thereby safeguarded Chinas national independence and security and strengthened its national defence. Major successes have been achieved in economic development. An independent and relatively comprehensive socialist system of industry has basically been established. There has been a marke
11、d increase in agricultural production. Significant advances have been made in educational, scientific and cultural undertakings, while education in socialist ideology has produced noteworthy results. The life of the people has improved considerably.Both the victory in Chinas New-Democratic Revolutio
12、n and the successes in its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, by upholding truth, correcting errors and surmounting numerous difficulties and
13、hardships. China is at the primary stage of socialism. The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its effort on socialist modernization in line with the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristic. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leni
14、nism and Mao Zedong Thought, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the peoples democratic dictatorship and the socialist road, perservere in reform and opening to the outside world, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the sociali
15、st legal system, and work hard and self-reliantly to modernize the countrys industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic and culturally advanced.The exploiting classes as such have been
16、 abolished in our country. However, class struggle will continue to exist within certain bounds for a long time to come. The Chinese people must fight against those forces and elements, both at home and abroad, that are hostile to Chinas socialist system and try to undermine it.Taiwan is part of the
17、 sacred territory of the Peoples Republic of China. It is the inviolable duty of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great task of reunifying the motherland.In building socialism it is essential to rely on workers, peasants and intellectuals and to unite all fo
18、rces that can be united. In the long years of revolution and construction, there has been formed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China a broad patriotic united front which is composed of the democratic parties and peoples organizations and which embraces all socialist working people,
19、all patriots who support socialism and all patriots who stand for the reunification of the motherland. This united front will continue to be consolidated and developed. The Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference, a broadly based representative organization of the united front which has pl
20、ayed a significant historical role, will play a still more important role in the countrys political and social life, in promoting friendship with other countries and in the struggle for socialist modernization and for the reunification and unity of the country. The system of the multi- party coopera
21、tion and political consultation led by the Communist Party of CHina will exist and develop for a long time.The Peoples Republic of China is a unitary multi-national state created jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Socialist relations of equality, unity and mutual assistance have been es
22、tablished among the nationalities and will continue to be strengthened. In the struggle to safeguard the unity of the nationalities, it is necessary to combat big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and to combat local national chauvinism. The state will do its utmost to promote the common pro
23、sperity of all the nationalities.Chinas achievements in revolution and construction are inseparable from the support of the people of the world. The future of China is closely linked to the future of the world. China consistently carries out an independent foreign policy and adheres to the five prin
24、ciples of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each others internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence in developing diplomatic relations and economic and cultural exchanges with other countries. China consis
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