2014-2015学年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity California-history素材 新人教版选修8.doc
《2014-2015学年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity California-history素材 新人教版选修8.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2014-2015学年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity California-history素材 新人教版选修8.doc(3页珍藏版)》请在文库网上搜索。
1、 CaliforniaHistorySettled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America; the area was inhabited by more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans. Large, settled populations li
2、ved on the coast and hunted sea mammals, fished for salmon, and gathered shellfish, while groups in the interior hunted terrestrial game and gathered nuts, acorns, and berries. California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich
3、coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage, and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups.The first European to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was the Portuguese Joo Rodrigues Cabrilho, i
4、n 1542, sailing for the Spanish Empire. Some 37 years later, the English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5、. Sebastin Vizcano explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain.Spanish missionaries began setting up twenty-one California Missions along the coast of what became known as Alta California (Upper California), together with small towns and presidios. The first mission in Alta Cal
6、ifornia was established at San Diego in 1769.9 In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California), independence from Spain; for the next twenty-five years, Alta California remained a remote northern province of the nation of Mexico. Cattle ranches, or ranchos, emerged as the
7、 dominant institutions of Mexican California. After Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government and were secularized by 1832. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Spanish-speaking Californians) who had received land grants and
8、 traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants.Beginning in the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California, harbingers of the great changes that would later sweep the Mexican territory. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, Californ
9、ia Trail, Oregon Trail, and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts surrounding California. In this period, Imperial Russia explored the California coast and established a trading post at Fort Ross.The Bear Flag of the Republic of CaliforniaIn 1846, settlers rebelled agains
10、t Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterwards, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe, and the words California Republic) at Sonoma.The Republics first and only president was William B. Ide,10 who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. His term laste
11、d twenty-five days and concluded when California was occupied by U.S. forces during the Mexican-American War.The California Republic was short lived. The same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican-American War (18461848). When Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2014-2015学年高中英语Unit1AlandofdiversityCalifornia-history素材新人教版选修8
链接地址:https://www.wenkunet.com/p-21733816.html