淘宝 无人机摄影创业策划书.doc
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1、创业圣经1. 年轻人,去创业吧作者:英国金融时报专栏作家 卢克约翰逊21岁是个美妙的年龄,但在眼下,这必然也非常可怕。想象一下:你刚刚大学毕业,却无法找到一份体面的工作你到底能从事什么工作,甚至如何设计人生?关于这些问题,永远都有一个选择:创业成为企业家不是一份职业,而更像是一种使命。这份工作不像医学、会计、法律或教育等职业,没有任何可遵循的模式。资格证书、职衔和层级完全无关紧要。一些人也许会说,这些大多是旨在体现身份的行头,而非出色完成某事的关键要素。自己当老板,你可以开创自己的旅程不是通过正式培训,而是在实践中学到各项技能,从销售到做账等等。关键在于行动:企业家是实干家,而非理论家。单干不
2、是一条坦途。你连能否挣到基本工资都毫无保证。但财务目标不大可能是你优先考虑的内容,因为正如亚里士多德所言:“年轻人热爱荣誉和胜利胜于金钱。”就我观察,真正成功的商人很少完全是为了追求财富他们更想证明自己、让自己出名和创造有价值的东西。这毫无保障可言但现如今,工作保障本来就是妄想,无论你是为政府效力还是为企业卖命。我的印象是,20多岁的年轻人信仰自由和独立。花自己的时间建造自己的公司,是实现这些目标的一种相当有效的途径。从某些方面而言,在你尽可能年轻的时候抓住这种机会是个非常好的主意。你越快适应自主创业的荣誉和苦恼就越好。最重要的是,你几乎没什么可失去的:没有家庭负担,开支最少,还可以投入全部的
3、时间。这是你成年后进行实验、甚至遭遇失败的最好阶段。21岁的你足够年轻,可以从头再来,从经历中汲取教训,在下一次做得更好。年轻时,你有无穷的精力,对激进建议的顾虑更少。刚刚成年便踏入职场的人,应拥有无穷的希望和抱负。还有谁能相信不可能之事?老一代人有智慧,但也可能怀疑一切,过于骄傲和安逸也许还会太悲观。另一方面,新鲜人士可能会不同的视角,一个对更美好世界的想法。总会有只有企业家才能满足的要求和只有他们才能解决的问题。每一个时代都会诞生一些革新性的技术,由具有紧迫感的个人使之商业化并流行开来。此类发明并非中央组织的,而是来自数以千计有创业精神的天才人物,他们会尽一切必要之举,让自己的业务获得成功
4、。尽管爆发了金融危机,经济也陷入低迷,但现在正是尝试新项目的好时机:互联网让创新的成本比以往任何时候都低。你通过就可以电脑购买商品,以及向全世界推销。对年轻企业家的各种支持也比以往更多无论是正规指导,还是这样那样的指导者。创业者可以通过无数的网站、俱乐部、书籍和其它途径获取信息和网络。我遇到的年轻企业家常常给我留下深刻印象。他们比我们在他们那个年纪的时候更具合作精神,视野更全球化,在金融方面也更老练。创业不是失业大学生的万灵药,而自主创业的不确定性也不适合每一个人。但考虑到眼下传统的就业市场是如此之严峻,创业的实际风险可能没有表面上那么大。而你总是可以在一开始的时候将创业作为第二职业,同时做一
5、份临时工作,来维持收支平衡。对于那些确实想改变世界的理想主义者而言,创业比其它大多数选择都更加有效。本文作者管理着私人股本公司Risk Capital Partners,同时担任英国皇家艺术学会(Royal Society of Arts)理事长译者/陈云飞2. Go forth, young business founderBy Luke JohnsonBeing 21 is fabulous, but at the moment it must also be very scary. Imagine: youve just left college with a degree, but d
6、ecent jobs are impossible to find what the heck can you do for work, and indeed with your life? Well, there is always the option of starting a business.Being an entrepreneur is not a career. It is more like a calling. There are no predictable structures to the vocation, as there are in professions s
7、uch as medicine, accountancy, law or teaching. Qualifications, job titles and ones position in the hierarchy are completely irrelevant. Anyway, some might argue that these are mostly paraphernalia designed to bestow status, rather than essential ingredients needed to do something well. By being your
8、 own boss, you make up your own journey as you travel rather than undergoing formal training, you learn skills by practising them, from sales to accounts. The key is action: entrepreneurs are doers, not theorists.Going it alone is not the easy path. There is no guarantee that you will earn even a ba
9、sic wage. But financial objectives are unlikely to be your priority, for as Aristotle said: “Youth loves honour and victory more than money.” All my observations have been that few real winners in business are exclusively motivated by wealth they are more interested in proving a point, making their
10、mark and creating something worthwhile. There is no security but job security is a myth these days anyway, be it working for government or the corporate sector.I get the impression that twentysomethings believe in freedom and independence. Spending your time building your own company is a pretty eff
11、ective way of achieving those goals. And in some respects grabbing that opportunity as young as you can is a great idea. The sooner you get used to the glories and miseries of self-employment, the better. Most important, you have so little to lose: no dependants, minimal outgoings, and all the time
12、in the world. It is the best phase in your adult life to experiment and perhaps fail. At 21 you are young enough to try again, learn from experience and do it better next time. When you are young you have boundless energy and less inhibition about radical suggestions.The hope and ambition of someone
13、 entering the world of work at the start of their adult life should be boundless. Who else can believe in the impossible? The older generation has wisdom, but it can also be cynical and too proud, too comfortable and, perhaps, too pessimistic. On the other hand, someone fresh can have a different vi
14、sion, an idea of a better world.There are always demands to be met and problems to solve that only entrepreneurs can satisfy. Each era brings forth transformative technologies that driven individuals commercialise and make popular. Such invention is not centrally directed, but flows from the genius
15、of thousands of enterprising souls who do whatever is necessary to make their business succeed.In spite of the financial crisis and the weak economy, this is a great time to try new projects: the internet makes innovation cheaper than ever. You can buy and market to the world from your laptop. There
16、 is also more support in various forms than in the past for young entrepreneurs whether formal guidance or mentors of one sort or another. There are numerous websites, clubs, books and other ways that entrepreneurs can keep informed and network. I am constantly impressed by the young entrepreneurs I
17、 meet. They are much more collaborative than we were at their age, more global in their outlook and more sophisticated about finance.Entrepreneurship is a not a cure-all for graduate unemployment, and the precarious nature of working for yourself does not suit everybody. But given how tough the trad
18、itional job market is right now, the risks of creating a business are probably more apparent than real. And you can always moonlight with a part-time venture in the initial stages while taking a temporary job to make ends meet.For idealists who really want to change the world, becoming an entreprene
19、ur is a more effective move than most.The writer runs Risk Capital Partners, a private equity firm, and is chairman of the Royal Society of Arts3. 一边打工,一边创业作者:英国金融时报专栏作家 卢克约翰逊有时候,一些可能成为企业家的人会来问我,他们是应该辞职去开公司,还是应该保留现有的工作,兼职创办企业。我通常建议他们选择后者,因为这个办法对我是适用的。大学毕业后有6年的时间,我都是一边给别人打工,一边利用晚上、周末和假期兼职做自己的项目,比如酒吧和
20、软件公司。我在20多岁时没有休过多少假,因为我要兼职管理各种各样的企业,实在是太忙了。转折点是我所在公司佳活宾信(Kleinwort Benson)流传的一份备忘录,规定员工不得在外部公司担任管理职位或持有股份。当时我就知道,冒险一搏、全面自主创业的时机已经到了,于是第二个月我就跳了槽,实现了独立。我明显感觉到了自由,但我并不后悔当年一边给人打工一边创业。那是我学徒经历的一部分。在保有一份工作的同时谋划成为一名企业家,其优势是显而易见的。你可以从别人的教训中吸取经验;你可以获得一份收入,支付自己企业发展过程中的日常费用;你可以对冲自己的赌注,以防自由职业活动告吹。劣势也是明显的:如果老板发现你
21、滥用资源或者不专注于平时的工作,你就会有麻烦;你利用业余时间经营的生意永远得不到企业真正成功所需的关注和投入。如果你有抱负,兼职选择只能是暂时的。你应该制定一个“弃船”目标:届时你会毅然抛弃工作,一头扎入大海。网络革命让兼职变得比以往任何时候都更容易。显然,英国有250万个企业的办公地点是在所有者的家中其中许多都会是副业。只要与你的主业没有冲突,这样的安排为何不能取得成功?像这样的兼职经营必须成为你的爱好,占据你的假期,而且你必须能坚忍不拔地忍受每周工作70小时甚至100小时。这将考验你的决心:如果不具备付出此种努力所需的体力和意志,就别指望转为全职经营后,你的旅程会变得更平坦。通常情况下,这
22、类兼职企业都是家族事务:主要的工薪收入者保留着平常的工作,享受医疗、退休及其他福利;家里的生意由配偶打理。有一些生意适合兼职:电子商务、直销、特许经营、地产及诸如此类的业务。由于外包业的扩张,虚拟交易的兴起大大降低了兼职事业成长的难度。当然,并不是所有在主业之外还兼职打理生意的人都想建立一个帝国有些人只是喜欢兼职带来的多样性、自由性和额外收入。在英格兰西部的德文郡和康沃尔郡,每13位警察中就有一位有第二份收入:有些是纹身艺术家;有一位是马匹牙医;还有一位提供全方位按摩服务。最常见的副业包括房产出租和经营家庭旅馆。只要不妨碍警务工作,这些活动都是允许的。我为官方采取这样一种开明的态度而喝彩。许多
23、初创企业面临的一个最大障碍是,在经营初期,经营者收入很低或者没有收入。为具有不确定性的自主经营牺牲稳定的薪水,对你来说值得吗?你的家庭会在感情上(如果不是在经济上)支持你吗?所有者个人过度支取资金,抽干对企业至关重要的营运资本,通常会扼杀初创企业。兼职者可以避免这些创伤,但是企业的成功需要孜孜不倦的努力,就像在夜校读书一样。所有这些决定归根到底都取决于你的个人哲学。正如歌德(Goethe)所说:“许多人大多数时间的工作仅仅是为了生存。”你想要这句话用在你身上,还是想挣脱束缚,至少尝试着做出改变?如果你做兼职,不利方面就会减少。在我看来,这对于许多想要成为企业家的人都是一种明智的妥协。译者/杨卓
24、4. A JOB MAY BE THE BEST LAUNCH FOR A START-UPBy Luke JohnsonOccasionally, putative entrepreneurs ask me whether they should quit their job to start a business or do it part-time while keeping their current job. I usually suggest the latter strategy, because it worked for me. For six years after uni
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