基于智能家居室内定位系统检查的传感器的开发.pdf
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1、SICE-ICASEInternationalJointConference2006Oct.18-21,2006inBexco,Busan,KoreaDevelopmentofPIRsensorbasedindoorlocationdetectionsystemforsmarthomeKyoungNamHa1,KyungChangLee2,SukLee3DepartmentofMechanicalandIntelligentSystemsEngineering,PusanNationalUniversity,Busan,Korea(Tel:+82-51-510-3091;E-mail:Ovin
2、centgpusan.ac.kr)2DivisionofControlandAutomationEngineering,PukyungNationalUniversity,Busan,Korea(Tel:+81-51-620-1639;E-mail:gcleegpknu.ac.kr)3SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,PusanNationalUniversity,Busan,Korea(Tel:+82-51-510-2320;E-mail:sleegpusan.ac.kr)Abstract:Smarthomeisexpectedtooffervariousintel
3、ligentservicesbyrecognizingresidentsalongwiththeirlifestyleandfeelings.Oneofthekeyissuesforrealizingthesmarthomeishowtodetectthelocationsofresidents.Currently,theresearcheffortisfocusedontwoapproaches:terminal-basedandnon-terminal-basedmethod.Theterminal-basedmethodemploysatypeofdevicethatshouldbeca
4、rriedbytheresidentwhilethenon-terminal-basedmethodrequiresnosuchdevice.Thispaperpresentsanovelnon-terminal-basedapproachusinganarrayofpyroelectricinfraredsensors(PIRsensors)thatcandetectresidents.ThefeasibilityofthesystemisevaluatedexperimentallyonatestbedKeywords:smarthome,location-basedservice,pyr
5、oelectricinfraredsensor(PIRsensor),location-recognitionalgorithmI.INTRODUCTIONThereisagrowinginterestinsmarthomeasawaytoofferaconvenient,comfortable,andsaferesidentialenvironment12.Ingeneral,thesmarthomeaimstoofferappropriateintelligentservicestoactivelyassistintheresidentslifesuchashousework,amusem
6、ent,rest,andsleep.Hence,inordertoenhancetheresidentsconvenienceandsafety,devicessuchashomeappliances,multimediaappliances,andinternetappliancesshouldbeconnectedviaahomenetworksystem,asshowninFig.1,andtheyshouldbecontrolledormonitoredremotelyusingatelevision(TV)orpersonaldigitalassistant(PDA)34.Espec
7、ially,attentionhasbeenfocusedonlocation-basedservicesasawaytoofferhigh-qualityintelligentservices,whileconsideringhumanfactorssuchaspatternofliving,health,andthefeelingsoftheresident5-7.Thatis,ifthesmarthomecanrecognizetheresidentspatternoflivingorhealth,thenhomeappliancesshouldbeabletoanticipatethe
8、residentsneedsandofferappropriateintelligentservicemoreactively.Forexample,inapassiveserviceenvironment,theresidentcontrolstheoperationoftheHVAC(heating,ventilating,andairconditioning)system,whilethesmarthomewouldcontrolthetemperatureandhumidityofaroomaccordingtotheresidentscondition.Variousindoorlo
9、cation-awaresystemshavebeendevelopedtodetecttheresidentslocationinthesmarthomeorsmartoffice.Ingeneral,indoorlocation-awaresystemshavebeenclassifiedintothreetypesaccordingtothemeasurementtechnology:triangulation,sceneanalysis,andproximitymethods8.Thetriangulationmethodusesmultipledistancesfrommultipl
10、eknownpoints.ExamplesincludeActiveBadges9,ActiveBats10,andEasyLiving11,whichuseinfraredsensors,ultrasonicsensors,andvisionsensors,respectively.Thesceneanalysismethodexaminesaviewfromaparticularvantagepoint.RepresentativeexamplesofthesceneanalysismethodareMotionStar12,whichusesaDCmagnetictracker,andR
11、ADAR13,whichusesIEEE802.11wirelesslocalareanetwork(LAN).Finally,theproximitymethodmeasuresnearnesstoaknownsetofpoints.AnexampleoftheproximitymethodisSmartFloor,whichusespressuresensors.Alternatively,indoorlocation-awaresystemscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheneedforaterminalthatshouldbecarriedbytheresid
12、ent.Terminal-basedmethods,suchasActiveBats,donotrecognizetheresidentslocationdirectly,butperceivethelocationofadevicecarriedbytheresident,suchasaninfraredtransceiverorradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)tag.Thereforeitisimpossibletorecognizetheresidentslocationifheorsheisnotcarryingthedevice.Incontras
13、tnon-terminalmethodssuchasEasyLivingandSmartFloorcanfindtheresidentslocationwithoutsuchdevices.HoweverEasyLivinginvadetheresidentsprivacycanberegardedtowhiletheSmartFloorhasdifficultywithextendibilityandmaintenance.Thispaperpresentsanon-terminalbased2nobilecomputerInternetJhomegateS.kcellularphone,P
14、DA,etc.homenetworksystemhomeapplianceIlight/HVACcontrcontrolnetworkbackbonenetworkNayITnetworkITAVnetworkaaudio&videoFig.1Archtectureofthehomenetworksystemforsmarthome89-950038-5-598560/06/$102006ICASE216277-location-awaresystemthatusesanarrayofpyroelectricinfrared(PIR)sensors.ThePIRsensorsontheceil
15、ingdetectthepresenceofresidentandarelaidoutsothatdetectionareasofadjacentsensorsoverlap.BycombiningtheoutputsofmultiplePIRsensors,thesystemisabletolocatearesidentwithareasonabledegreeofaccuracy.Thissystemhasinherentadvantageofnon-terminalbasedmethodswhileavoidingprivacyandextendibility,maintenanceis
16、sues.Inordertodemonstrateitsefficiency,anexperimentaltestbedhasbeenconstructed,andevaluatedexperimentallyundervariousexperimentalconditions.Thispaperpresentsaresident-detectionmethodusingPIRsensorstosensetheresident,anddescribesalocation-recognitionalgorithmtodeterminetheresidentslocationbyintegrati
17、ngtheinformationcollectedfrommultiplePIRsensors.Inaddition,thelocationaccuracyofthePIRsensor-basedindoorlocation-awaresystemisevaluatedexperimentallyusinganexperimentaltestbed,andthefeasibilityofthesystemisdemonstratedundervariousexperimentalconditions.Thispaperisorganizedintofoursections,includingt
18、hisintroduction.SectionIIpresentsthearchitectureofthePIRsensor-basedindoorlocation-awaresystem,andthelocation-recognitionalgorithm.SectionIIIdescribesaresident-detectionmethodusingPIRsensors,andevaluatestheperformanceofthesystemundervariousconditionsusinganexperimentaltestbed.Finally,asummaryandthec
19、onclusionsarepresentedinSectionIV.II.ARCHITECTUREOFTHEPIRSENSOR-BASEDINDOORLOCATION-AWARESYSTEMA.FrameworkofthesmarthomeGiventheindoorenvironmentofthesmarthome,anindoorlocation-awaresystemmustsatisfythefollowingrequirements.First,thelocation-awaresystemshouldbeimplementedatarelativelylowcostbecausem
20、anysensorshavetobeinstalledinroomsofdifferentsizestodetecttheresidentinthesmarthome.Second,sensorinstallationmustbeflexiblebecausetheshapeofeachroomisdifferentandthereareobstaclessuchashomeappliancesandfurniture,whichpreventthenormaloperationofsensors.Thethirdrequirementisthatthesensorsforthelocatio
21、n-awaresystemhavetoberobusttonoise,andshouldnotbeaffectedbytheirsurroundings.ThisisbecausethesmarthomecanmakeuseofvariouswirelesscommunicationmethodssuchaswirelessLANorradio-frequency(RF)systems,whichproduceelectromagneticnoise,ortheremaybesignificantchangesinlightortemperaturethatcanaffectsensorper
22、formance.Finallyitisdesirablethatthesystemsaccuracyisadjustableaccordingtoroomtypes.Amongmanysystemsthatsatisfytherequirement,thePIRsensor-basedsystemhasnotattractedmuchattentioneventhoughthesystemhasseveraladvantages.ThePIRsensors,whichhavebeen needtoturnonalightwhenitdetectsthehumanmovement,areles
23、sexpensivethanmanyothersensors.Inaddition,becausePIRsensorsdetecttheinfraredwavelengthsemittedfromhumansat9.4-10.4ptm,theyarereasonablyrobusttotheirsurroundings,intermsoftemperature,humidity,andelectromagneticnoise.Moreover,itispossibletocontrolthelocationaccuracyofthesystembyadjustingthesensingradi
24、usofaPIRsensor,andPIRsensorsareeasilyinstalledontheceiling,wheretheyarenotaffectedbythestructureofaroomoranyobstacles.Figure2showstheframeworkforthePIRsensor-basedindoorlocation-awaresysteminasmarthomethatofferslocation-basedintelligentservicestoaresident.Withinthisframework,variousdevicesareconnect
25、edviaahomenetworksystem,includingPIRsensors,roomterminals,asmarthomeserver,andhomeappliances.Here,eachroomisregardedasacell,andtheappropriatenumberofPIRsensorsisinstalledontheceilingofeachcelltoprovidesufficientlocationaccuracyforthelocation-basedservices.EachPIRsensorattemptstodetecttheresidentatac
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