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1、ng the “scientific” content of any given behavior. If any one of these three pillars of science is missing from an activity, one cannot claim that the activity is scientific. The growth of scientific knowledge is predominately incrementalwe build on past knowledge more often than we displace it. Thu
2、s, the first pillar of sciencea communal collection of knowledgerequires mechanisms for disseminating and preserving knowledge within the scientific community. By far the most important mechanism in use today is the scientific publication. Although there are many forms of scientific publication, the
3、 most important is the peer-reviewed journal paper. The goal of this book is to help authors produce good scientific papers and thus support the goals of science. Using This Book This book can be read straight through, which I recommend for early-career scientists who are relatively new to writing a
4、nd publishing papers. It can also be used as a reference for specific topics (e.g., how to produce a good figure or write an abstract). Each chapter is purposely short and can be read in isolation for easy reference. The appendixa checklist for editors, reviewers, and authorsis a summary of the less
5、ons of this book. Throughout this book I will use the words “science” and “scientist” in the most expansive way possible to include people and activities generally called “engineering.” Publishing in highly practical engineering fields or highly theoretical science fields (and every part of the cont
6、inuum in between) has mostly the same requirements. Some fields, such as medicine, include additional important requirements, especially related to the use of and reporting on human or animal subjects. I will not be covering those important topics in this book, but the general lessons here apply eve
7、n to those more specialized fields. Because of my experience as Editor-in-Chief of JM3, I have intimate knowledge and insider information about this specific journal. Where useful, I have included specific information from JM3 to use as examples of the points I How to Write a Good Science Paper xi m
8、ake in the book. JM3 is probably representative of journals positioned halfway between pure science and pure engineering, and I hope that examples from this journal will make the lessons of this book more real. Acknowledgments My learning about science writing leaves me with many debts of gratitude.
9、 The experience of writing, for me, had been a mostly joyful and satisfying one. I am indebted to the many good authors who I have read and to the many coauthors I have been privileged to write with. Less pleasant have been the rejection letters and difficult reviews that I have received over the ye
10、ars, but I am even more indebted to these editors and reviewers for their careful and constructive criticisms that forced me to improve even when I did not want to. I am also grateful for the readers of my books and articles who have given me feedback and asked me questions. They have taught me that
11、 when a reader does not understand what I have written, it is almost always my fault, not theirs. I would also like to thank the volunteer scientists that make up the editorial board of JM3. Together, we have gone through the sometimes exciting but often routine process of publishing a peer-reviewed
12、 science journal issue after issue. Finally, I would like to thank the wonderful staff of SPIE, who not only publish JM3 but are also publishing this book and making it freely available in electronic format. I have learned a tremendous amount from Eric Pepper and Karolyn Labes, who have coached and
13、mentored me in my role as Editor-in-Chief and have reviewed and improved all of the material in this book. Thanks to John Mays and Scott McNeill as well for reviewing the text of this book. I conclude with these oft-repeated words: much of what is good in this book is a consequence of the many peopl
14、e who have helped me over the years, and all of what is bad is due to my own shortcomings. Chris A. Mack Austin, Texas January 2018 References 1 R. K. Merton, The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (1973). 1 Chapter 1 Getting Star
15、ted If you are thinking about writing a science paper for peer review and publication, what should be your first steps? Ideally, you have thought about the possibility of writing and publishing early in your research project because some early planning can help you avoid problems later. But first, y
16、ou should ask yourself about your motivations for writing a science paper. 1.1 Why Write and Publish a Paper? Writing a paper and getting it published in a peer-reviewed journal is hard work, even after the hard work that led to the publishable results. So why do people do it? What motivates authors
17、 to go through the writing process, and then the peer review process, in order to publish their work? There are two kinds of motivations, altruism and self-interest, and most authors have some combination of the two. Altruism Peer-reviewed science publications are the predominant method today for di
18、sseminating and archiving scientific advances (books, conference presentations, and university teaching are other common ways). Science grows and advances through a communal collection of knowledge that is constantly being challenged, revised, and expanded.1,2 Most scientists (and I include engineer
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