三峡大坝介绍【英文】.ppt
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1、Geography Case Study -Chang JiangCons and Pros of the Three Gorges ProjectIntroductionnChinas massive Three Gorges hydroelectric project has generated plenty of controversy from the start.It was first proposed in 1919 by revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen as a way of providing energy to fuel the natio
2、ns industrial development.The plan was revived in 1954 as a way to control the chronic overflow of the legendary Yangtze river after tens of thousands were killed in widespread flooding.After several false starts,work began in earnest in 1979.nAdvocates say Chinas development depends on it.They say
3、it will provide a clean source of energy for future generations.But critics say it could be a monumental ecological disaster.nThe dams sluice gates were closed on June 1,2003,allowing the reservoir behind it to begin filling.By June 10,2003,the water was 135 metres deep,and its expected to be 175 me
4、tres deep by 2009.FactsnThe 16-year project is due to be completed in 2009.nThe rivers level is expected to rise to 175 metres.nBy mid-June 2003 the dam was holding back 12 billion cubic metres of water.The dams storage capacity is nearly 40 billion cubic metres.nIt will create a 658-sq.-km reservoi
5、r.nIts concrete wall is 192 metres high.nIt has a total of 22 sluice gates.nIt will have 26 700-megawatt turbine generators.They are expected to produce 18.2 million kilowatts by 2009.Eleven of the reactors were in place as of January 2005.nIt has the worlds largest lock system,6?kilometres in lengt
6、h.The lock lifts and lowers ships in five stages.nThe dam is located in Yichang,in the central province of Hubei.nIts Chinas biggest engineering project since the Great Wall was built more than 2,000 years ago.nTotal projected cost:180 billion yuan($26.5 billion).Location of SanxianA man fishes as w
7、ater flows through water diversion holes of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in central Chinas Hubei Province,June 11,2003.Some 10 water diversion holes were opened to release water.The water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir reached 135 metres(433 feet)on June 10.(AP Photo/Xinhua,Du Huaj
8、u)nTwo men carry bricks to a barge at the temporary dock at Wushan,in the middle of the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River in central China,June 6,2003.Lower lying areas of the town have been demolished in preparation for the increase in the water level as the controversial Three Gorges Dam reservoir
9、 begins to fill.(AP Photo/Greg Baker)nA Chinese man sits in the rubble of the demolished old town of Wushan,as he looks out over the citys temporary dock on the Yangtze River in central China,June 6,2003.(AP Photo/Greg BakernWorkers build a stone embankment as water from the Yangtze River rise up th
10、e shoreline at the newly built town of Fengjie,in central Chinas Chongqing municipality,June 9,2003.The old town of Fengjie was demolished because it was below the high water mark of the reservoir of the Three Gorges Dam.(AP Photo/Greg Baker)nThree young boys watch as rising waters inundate a corn f
11、ield at Qutang Village,near Fengjie,in central Chinas Chongqing municipality,June 9,2003.Water levels have been rising between two and four metres each day since China began filling the reservoir.Despite warnings from local officials that waters would rise in June,many farmers planted crops because
12、they were unsure of where the high water mark was on their land,while others did not believe that waters could rise so high.(AP Photo/Greg Baker)nShips sail through the Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River in central China,June 11,2003.The water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir r
13、eached 135 metres(433 feet)June 10,five days ahead of the schedule.(AP Photo/Xinhua,Cheng Min)nThe aerial photo,taken on June 3,2003,shows the Three Gorges Reservoir on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River at Yichang,Hubei province.The water level reached,as planned,114.29 metres high on the slui
14、ce gate.(AP Photo Xinhua,Cheng Min)nHydroelectric generating sets of the Three Gorges Project in central Chinas Hubei Province are shown in this April 9,2003 photo.Four of the hydroelectric generating sets,which are in the final phase of installation and test,will be put into operation later this ye
15、ar.(AP Photo/Xinhua,Du Huaju)nWater flows through water diversion holes at the bottom of the Three Gorges dam,June 1,2003.Chinas Three Gorges Project officially began to store water as the sluice gate of the dam started to be closed as scheduled.China began filling the reservoir behind its gargantua
16、n Three Gorges Dam in a major step toward completion of the world-largest hydroelectric project.(AP Photo/Xinhua,Cheng Min)nA man rushes to board a boat before it leaves,in Chongqing city,on the Yangtze River in central China,June 5,2003.Though more than 600 kilometres(372 miles)from the Three Gorge
17、s Dam,water levels at Chongqing will rise up to 15 metres when the dams reservoir is filled to its highest level on completion in 2009.(AP Photo/Greg Baker)PROSFlood controlThe reservoirs 22 km(28.9 billion cubic yard)flood storage capacity will lessen the frequencyof big downstream floods from once
18、 every 10years to once every 100 years.It protects lifeand property.NavigationThe installation of ship locks are intended to increase river shipping from 10 million to 50million tons annually,with transportation costs cut by 30 to 37 percent.Cheap andconvenient river transport will be provided.Also,
19、shipping will become safer,since the gorgeshave lower flowing speed of channel.AgricultureThe reservoir stores up the water that can bediverted to irrigate farmland.It increases cropproduction and exports of surplus farm produce,e.g.citrus fruits.Energy and EnvironmentlThe dam will generate 18,200 m
20、egawatts of Hydroelectric power,the equivalent of 18 nuclear powerplants.It will facilitate industrial and economicdevelopment.lChina now relies on coal for of its electricity.Its airis among the foulest in the world and contributes toglobal warming.Hydro-electric power is arenewable energy source t
21、hat does not generatewaste.It improves air pollution.Water SupplyDams can store rain water or water directlyfrom the river itself.Then,in case of a drought,the dam will still have a relatively constantsupply of water.ResettlementIn 1996,floods displaced more than one millionpeople from their homes.B
22、esides,180 millionpeople are now without electricity in China.But 15 million people downstream will be betteroff due to the control of flood and the supply ofcheap electricity.Also,population distribution tonewly-opened area,e.g.higher ground of thedam,will be present.Recreation and TourismThe proje
23、ct provides recreational activities suchas boating fishing and swimming,if the lake isnot being used for drinking water.Also,cruiseships will be able to sail at all time.Thus,thedam will serve as a new tourist spot.ReputationThe Three Gorges will be the most powerfuldam ever built.This is an importa
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