中国与英国的不同介绍英文版.ppt
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1、THEU.KANDCHINALISTHistoryGeographyEconomicsCultureEducationMediaHistory of UK118thcentury1.1BirthoftheUnitedKingdom1.2BritishEmpire219thcentury2.1IrelandjoinswiththeActofUnion(1800)2.2Napoleonicwars2.3Whigreformsofthe1830s2.4Victorianera2.5Empireexpands2.6IrelandandthemovetoHomeRule320thcentury3.1Wo
2、rldWarI3.2Irishhomerule,PartitionofIrelandandIrishindependence3.3GreatDepression3.4WorldWarIIandrebuilding3.5EmpiretoCommonwealth3.6FromTheTroublestotheBelfastAgreement3.7GrowthofmodernBritain(late20thcentury)3.8CommonMarket(EEC),thenEU,membership3.9DevolutionforScotlandandWalesHistory of UKThehisto
3、ry of the United KingdomasaunifiedsovereignstatebeganwiththepoliticalunionofthekingdomsofEngland,whichincludedWales,andScotlandon1May1707inaccordancewiththeTreatyofUnion,asratifiedbytheActsofUnion1707.TheUnioncreatedtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain,whichsharedasingleconstitutionalmonarchandasingleparl
4、iamentatWestminster.History of ChinaChinesecivilizationoriginatedinvariousregionalcentersalongboththeYellowRiverandtheYangtzeRivervalleysintheNeolithicera,buttheYellowRiverissaidtobetheCradleofChineseCivilization.Thewrittenhistory of ChinacanbefoundasearlyastheShangDynasty(ca.1700BCca.1046BC).Oracle
5、boneswithancientChinesewritingfromtheShangDynastyhavebeenradiocarbondatedtoasearlyas1500BC.TheoriginsofChineseculture,literatureandphilosophydevelopedduringtheZhouDynasty(1045BC-256BC).TheZhouDynastybegantobowtoexternalandinternalpressuresinthe8thcenturyBC.TheabilityoftheZhoutocontrolitsregionallord
6、slessened,andthekingdomeventuallybrokeapartintosmallerstates,beginningintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandreachingfullexpressionintheWarringStatesperiod.In221BC,QinShiHuangunitedthevariouswarringkingdomsandcreatedthefirstChineseempire.SuccessivedynastiesinChinesehistorydevelopedbureaucraticsystemsthatenabl
7、edtheEmperorofChinatodirectlycontrolvastterritories.Geography of UKTheUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,orUK,isasovereignstatelocatedoffthenorthwesterncoastofcontinentalEurope.ItcomprisestheislandofGreatBritain(England,ScotlandandWales)andthenortheasternone-sixthoftheislandofIrela
8、nd(NorthernIreland),togetherwithmanysmallerislands.Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49Nand59N(theShetlandIslandsreachtonearly61N),andlongitudes8Wto2E.TheRoyalGreenwichObservatory,inSouthEastLondon,isthedefiningpointofthePrimeMeridian.TheUKliesbetweentheNorthAtlanticandtheNorthSea,andcomeswithin35k
9、m(22mi)ofthenorthwestcoastofFrance,fromwhichitisseparatedbytheEnglishChannel.NorthernIrelandsharesa360kminternationallandboundarywiththeRepublicofIreland.TheChannelTunnel(Chunnel)boredbeneaththeEnglishChannel,nowlinkstheUKwithFrance.Geography of ChinaChinastretchessome5,026kilometers(3,123mi)acrosst
10、heEastAsianlandmassborderingtheEastChinaSea,KoreaBay,YellowSea,andSouthChinaSea,betweenNorthKoreaandVietnaminachangingconfigurationofbroadplains,expansivedeserts,andloftymountainranges,includingvastareasofinhospitableterrain.Theeasternhalfofthecountry,itsseacoastfringedwithoffshoreislands,isaregiono
11、ffertilelowlands,foothillsandmountains,deserts,steppes,andsubtropicalareas.ThewesternhalfofChinaisaregionofsunkenbasins,rollingplateaus,andtoweringmassifs,includingaportionofthehighesttablelandonearth.Thevastnessofthecountryandthebarrennessofthewesternhinterlandhaveimportantimplicationsfordefensestr
12、ategy.Inspiteofmanygoodharborsalongtheapproximately18,000-kilometercoastline,thenationhastraditionallyorienteditselfnottowardtheseabutinland,developingasanimperialpowerwhosecenterlayinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYellowRiveronthenorthernplains.ChinaalsohastheTibetanPlateau,averylarge,highaltitudepla
13、teau,tothesouth.TothenorthoftheTibetanPlateaulietheGobiandTaklamakandeserts,whichstretchfromtheextremenorthwesteastwardthroughMongolia.Geography of ChinaThePeoplesRepublicofChinaisoneoftheworldslargestcountriesintotalareabehindRussiaandCanada,andverysimilartotheUnitedStates.WhetherChinaortheUnitedSt
14、atesisthethirdlargestcountryintheworldintotalareaisrelatedto(a)thevalidityofclaimsbythePRConterritoriessuchasTaiwan,AksaiChin,Trans-KarakoramTract,andSouthTibet(AksaiChinandTrans-KarakoramTractalsoclaimedbyIndia),and(b)howthetotalsizeoftheUnitedStatesiscalculated:TheCIAsTheWorldFatebookgives9,826,63
15、0km2,1theUnitedNationsStatisticsDivisiongives9,629,091km2,2andtheEncyclopediaBritannicagives9,522,055km2.3FiguresforthesizeofChinadifferslightlydependingonwhereonedrawsanumberofill-definedboundaries.TheofficialfigurebythePeoplesRepublicofChinais9.6millionsquarekilometers.TheRepublicofChinabasedinTai
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