托福备考-1月托福阅读全真试题.txt
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1、Questions 1-7 Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories. By The Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her masters degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been prodigiou
2、s, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach,moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and, in 1978,
3、 to Princeton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess. In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oat
4、es has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness.Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much
5、more is clearly from the experiences of thers. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall(1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. IN Them(1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the notes of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on
6、 her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.1.What
7、is the main purpose of the passage?(A)To review Oatess By the North Gate(B)To compare some modern writers(C)To describe Oatess childhood(D)To outline Oatess career2.Which of the following does the passage indicate about Joyce Carol Qates first publication?(A)It was part of her masters thesis.(B)It w
8、as a volume of short fiction.(C)It was not successful.(D)It was about an English instructor in Detroit.3.Which of the following does the passage suggest about Joyce Carol Oates in terms of her writing career?(A)She has experienced long nonproductive periods in her writing.(B)Her style is imitative o
9、f other contemporary authors(C)She has produced a surprising amount of fictions in a relative short time.(D)Most of her work is based on personal experience.4.The word characterized in line 10 can best replaced by which of the following?(A)Shocked(B)Impressed(C)Distinguished(D)Helped5.What was the s
10、ubject of Joyce Carol Oatess first novel?(A)Loneliness(B)Inanity(C)Teaching(D)Racing6.Why does the author mention Oatess book Them?(A)It is a typical novel of the 1960s(B)It is her best piece of nonfiction.(C)It is a fictional work based on the experiences of another person.(D)It is an autobiography
11、.7.Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write?(A)A story with an unhappy ending(B)A romancer novel set in the nineteenth century(C)A science fiction novel(D)A dialogue for a talk showQuestion 8-18 Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All
12、 living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long perio
13、ds, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets? For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface
14、 of mud flats.Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish - brown to sand - color and nearly white. One form even has vivid purp
15、le tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber - shaped - hence their name - and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites,
16、eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate - feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the fo
17、od available in s short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs,when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached st
18、ructures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.8.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The reason for the sea cucumbers name(
19、B)What makes the sea cucumber unusual(C)How to identify the sea cucumber(D)Places where the sea cucumber can be found9.In line 3, the word bizarre is closest meaning to(A)odd(B)marine(C)simple(D)rare10.According to the Passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?(A)It helps them to digest t
20、heir food(B)It helps them to protect themselves from danger.(C)It makes it easier for them to move through the mud.(D)It makes them attractive to fish.11.The words this faculty in line20 refer to the sea cucumbers ability to(A)squeeze into crevices(B)devour all available food in a short time(C)suck
21、up mud or sand(D)live at a low metabolic rate12.The fourth paragraph of the passage Primarily discusses(A)the reproduction of sea cucumbers(B)the food sources of sea cucumbers(C)the eating habits of sea cucumbers(D)threats to sea cucumbers existence13.The phrase casts off in line 24 is closest in me
22、aning to(A)grows again(B)grabs(C)gets rid of(D)uses as a weapon14.Of all the characteristics of the sea cucumber, which of the following seems to fascinate the author most?(A)What it does when threatened.(B)Where it lives(C)How it hides from predators(D)What it eats.15.Compared with other sea creatu
23、res the sea cucumber is very(A)dangerous(B)intelligent(C)strange(D)fat16.What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?(A)They are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli.(B)They are almost useless.(C)They require group cooperation.(D)They are similar to those of most sea creat
24、ures.17.Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?(A)A touch(B)Food(C)Unusually warm water(D)Pollution18.Which of the following is an example of behavior comparable with the sea cucumber living at a low metabolic rate?(A)An octopus defending
25、itself with its tentacles(B)A bear hibernating in the winter(C)A pig eating constantly(D)A parasite living on its hosts blood.Question 19-29 A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan st
26、ructure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, eac
27、h person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties many differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade, and a subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized cou
28、ntries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern-equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving device of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse - drawn buggies still serve as a local transportat
29、ion device, and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amishs central religious concept of Demut, humility, clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures, and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish
30、marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order. By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal, and a pronounced
31、 division of labor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, popular may be viewed as cl
32、early different from folk. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations, Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more presti
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