ISO 14001 -2015正式版(E).pdf
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1、 ISO 2015Environmental management systems Requirements with guidance for useSystmes de management environnemental Exigences et lignes directrices pour son utilisationINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO14001Third edition2015-09-15Reference numberISO 14001:2015(E) ISO 14001:2015(E) ii ISO 2015 All rights reserv
2、edCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intran
3、et, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.is
4、o.org ISO 14001:2015(E) Foreword .vIntroduction .vi1 Scope .12 Normative references .13Termsanddefinitions .13.1 Terms related to organization and leadership .13.2 Terms related to planning .23.3 Terms related to support and operation .43.4 Terms related to performance evaluation and improvement .54
5、 Context of the organization .64.1 Understanding the organization and its context .64.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties .64.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system .64.4 Environmental management system .75 Leadership .75.1 Leadership and commitme
6、nt .75.2 Environmental policy .75.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities.86 Planning .86.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities .86.1.1 General.86.1.2 Environmental aspects .96.1.3 Compliance obligations .96.1.4 Planning action .96.2 Environmental objectives and planning to a
7、chieve them .106.2.1 Environmental objectives.106.2.2 Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives .107 Support .107.1 Resources .107.2 Competence .117.3 Awareness .117.4 Communication .117.4.1 General.117.4.2 Internal communication .127.4.3 External communication .127.5 Documented informati
8、on .127.5.1 General.127.5.2 Creating and updating .127.5.3 Control of documented information .128 Operation .138.1 Operational planning and control .138.2 Emergency preparedness and response .139 Performance evaluation .149.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation .149.1.1 General.149.1.2
9、Evaluation of compliance .149.2 Internal audit .159.2.1 General.159.2.2 Internal audit programme .159.3 Management review .15 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents Page-,-,- ISO 14001:2015(E) 10 Improvement .1610.1 General .1610.2 Nonconformity and corrective action .1610.3 Continual improvement
10、.17Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this International Standard .18Annex B (informative) Correspondence between ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 14001:2004 .32Bibliography .34Alphabetical index of terms .35iv ISO 2015 All rights reserved-,-,- ISO 14001:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organiz
11、ation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established
12、 has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Th
13、e procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the e
14、ditorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent r
15、ights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an ex
16、planation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee re
17、sponsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee SC 1, Environmental management systems.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 14001:2004), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum
18、 ISO 14001:2004/Cor.1:2009. ISO 2015 All rights reserved v-,-,- ISO 14001:2015(E)Introduction0.1 BackgroundAchieving a balance between the environment, society and the economy is considered essential to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet thei
19、r needs. Sustainable development as a goal is achieved by balancing the three pillars of sustainability.Societal expectations for sustainable development, transparency and accountability have evolved with increasingly stringent legislation, growing pressures on the environment from pollution, ineffi
20、cient use of resources, improper waste management, climate change, degradation of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity.This has led organizations to adopt a systematic approach to environmental management by implementing environmental management systems with the aim of contributing to the environment
21、al pillar of sustainability.0.2 Aim of an environmental management systemThe purpose of this International Standard is to provide organizations with a framework to protect the environment and respond to changing environmental conditions in balance with socio-economic needs. It specifies requirements
22、 that enable an organization to achieve the intended outcomes it sets for its environmental management system.A systematic approach to environmental management can provide top management with information to build success over the long term and create options for contributing to sustainable developme
23、nt by: protecting the environment by preventing or mitigating adverse environmental impacts; mitigating the potential adverse effect of environmental conditions on the organization; assisting the organization in the fulfilment of compliance obligations; enhancing environmental performance; controlli
24、ng or influencing the way the organizations products and services are designed, manufactured, distributed, consumed and disposed by using a life cycle perspective that can prevent environmental impacts from being unintentionally shifted elsewhere within the life cycle; achieving financial and operat
25、ional benefits that can result from implementing environmentally sound alternatives that strengthen the organizations market position; communicating environmental information to relevant interested parties.This International Standard, like other International Standards, is not intended to increase o
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