卡介苗接种.ppt
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1、plication Positioned between the tooth and its alveolus. Maxillary posterior forceps Universal maxillary forceps Physical characteristics 1. Plierslike appearance. Beaks have smooth edges that allow them to fit around the bifurcated areas of all maxillary molar teeth. a point on the buccal beak that
2、 allows them to fit into the buccal bifurcation area. Use To extract maxillary posterior teeth from their alveoli. Maxillary premolar forceps/universal forceps Physical characteristics 1. Plierslike appearance. 2. Instruments with bayonet -shaped beaks are Universal. Use To remove premolar teeth fro
3、m their alveoli in the maxillary arch. Mandibular posterior forceps Physical characteristics 1. Plierslike appearance. 2. Universal design and therefore functional in either quadrant of the arch. 3. Often referred to as a cowhorn forceps. Use To remove mandibular posterior teeth from their alveoli s
4、ockets. Mandibular incisor and premolar extraction forceps Physical characteristics l. Plierslike appearance. 2. Beaks designed to remove all mandibular teeth, but most often used on incisors and premolars. Use To extract mandibular incisor and premolar teeth. Pedodontic extraction forceps Physical
5、characteristics 1. Design identical to forceps manufactured for use on permanent teeth. 2. Smaller in size than standard forceps. Use To remove primary teeth from the oral cavity. Bone chisel/ surgical Mallet Physical characteristics Chisel 1. Length and width of the shaft vary. 2. Cutting end avail
6、able in single- bevel and double-bevel designs. Mallet 1. Hammer shaped. 2. Head available in lead or nylon. Use To trim or reshape bone to section teeth. INSTRUMENT STERILIZATION A profession engaged in delivering health care must be concerned with infection. It is imperative that sterilization of
7、dental instruments be a routine procedure in every dental office. Various methods of disinfection and sterilization can be employed to reduce the probability of infection and crosscontamination. It is mandatory that the dental team understand and properly use these methods. Sterilization Sterilizati
8、on is the act of destroying all forms of life. The most accepted methods in dentistry and medicine for achieving true sterilization are extended periods of high heat and steam heat. Disinfection Disinfection only inhibits the growth of disease- causing microorganisms and is not nearly as effective a
9、s sterilization. Only dental instruments that cannot withstand the high temperature of heat sterilization should be placed in a disinfectant solution. Some of the chemicals available for use as disinfectants are benzalkonium chloride, hexachlorophene, and rubbing alcohol. A more popular term for che
10、mical disinfection is cold sterilization.” The instruments are placed in an open disinfectant bath for the required length of time. IMPACTED TEETH A tooth is spoken of as being impacted when its eruption is partially or wholly obstructed by bone or some other teeth. Impacted Teeth Classification of
11、Mandibular Impacted Teeth The classification of mandibular impacted teeth may be stated simply as (l) mesioangular, (2) horizontal, (3) vertical, and (4) distoangular. In addition, the tooth may be displaced to the buccal or to the lingual. Furthermore it may be located at a high occlusal level (nea
12、r the ridge surface) or a low occlusal level. Etiology Many pathologic conditions bring about retarded eruption, displacement and impaction of teeth. The growth of the jaws and the movement of the teeth are in a forward direction; consequently, anything which interferes with this forward movement or
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