长篇阅读考前实战练习.pdf
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1、 屠皓民 版权所有 丌得用亍出版授课 *屠皓民 版权所有 丌得用亍出版授课 长篇阅读 考前实战练习 练习一 The Three-Year Solution A Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes this offer to well-prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about $43,000the amount of one years
2、tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. Thats both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world. B The United States has almost all of the worlds best universities. A recent Chinese
3、 survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the worlds wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the worlds brightest students were attracted to American
4、 universities. C Yet, there are signs of peril within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for-profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the $32 billion the fede
5、ral government provides for university research is awarded competitively. DBut many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring “school year” hasnt changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a nation of farmers and students put t
6、heir books away to work the soil during the summer. That long summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year. “While college
7、facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written. EWithin academic departments, tenure, combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnovercritical for a university to remain current in changing times
8、difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging likemindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas. 屠皓民 版权所有 丌得用亍出版授
9、课 *屠皓民 版权所有 丌得用亍出版授课 F Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of t
10、ime students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate. GCongress has tried to help students with college costs through
11、 Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar. H For all of these re
12、asons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick en
13、rolled in the schools new three-year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated students who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees. I By eliminating that extra year, three-year degree students save 25% in costs
14、. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four-week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in themand pay e
15、xtra. Three-year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay. J The three-year degree isnt a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students
16、a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options. K Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make i
17、t easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement ( AP) credits amounting to a semester or 屠皓民 版权所有 丌得用亍出版授课 *屠皓民 版权所有 丌得用亍出版授课 more of college-level work. Many universities, including large schools like
18、 the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster. L For students who dont plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical Schools residency program, enrolled in Vand
19、erbilts undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates. “My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year
20、,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. M There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for g
21、rowing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professors class. Iowas Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree programs, but is now phasing out the option. Most
22、 Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experienceacademically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce. N Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most schools. Th
23、ose that wish to tackle tradition and make American campuses more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenbergs advice: open campuses year-round. “You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,” he says. “Thats without cutting the length of students vacations, increasing
24、 class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.” O Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure systemor all of the aboveuniversities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world. P Expandi
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