设备管理(PM)设备日常管理ppt课件.ppt
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1、ck 内凹或吸入is condition where the weld metal has contracted as it cools and has been drawn up into the root of the weld. On a radiograph it looks similar to lack of penetration but the line has irregular edges and it is often quite wide in the center of the weld image.Internal or root undercut 内部或根部咬边i
2、s an erosion of the base metal next to the root of the weld. In the radiographic image it appears as a dark irregular line offset from the centerline of the weldment. Undercutting is not as straight edged as LOP because it does not follow a ground edge.External or crown undercut 外部或顶部咬边is an erosion
3、 of the base metal next to the crown of the weld. In the radiograph, it appears as a dark irregular line along the outside edge of the weld area. Offset or mismatch 错边are terms associated with a condition where two pieces being welded together are not properly aligned. The radiographic image is a no
4、ticeable difference in density between the two pieces. The difference in density is caused by the difference in material thickness. The dark, straight line is caused by failure of the weld metal to fuse with the land area.Inadequate weld reinforcement 未填满is an area of a weld where the thickness of w
5、eld metal deposited is less than the thickness of the base material. It is very easy to determine by radiograph if the weld has inadequate reinforcement, because the image density in the area of suspected inadequacy will be more (darker) than the image density of the surrounding base material.Excess
6、 weld reinforcement 增强余高is an area of a weld, which has weld metal added in excess of that specified by engineering drawings and codes. The appearance on a radiograph is a localized, lighter area in the weld. A visual inspection will easily determine if the weld reinforcement is in excess of that sp
7、ecified by the individual code involved in the inspection.Cracking 裂纹can be detected in a radiograph only the crack is propagating in a direction that produced a change in thickness that is parallel to the x-ray beam. Cracks will appearas jagged and often very faint irregular lines. Cracks can somet
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