第4卷 约翰·米尔顿英文诗全集(哈佛经典50部英文版).pdf
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1、 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔约翰米尔顿英文诗全集顿英文诗全集 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 2/599 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊
2、戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 3/599 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神
3、曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集:物理学、化学、科学论文集:物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 4/59
4、9 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)
5、从科林斯到英文诗集(卷)从科林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 5/599 督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第
6、49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 6/599 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 INTRODUCTORY NOTE AMONG English men of letters there is none whose life and work stand in more intimate relation with the history of his times than those of Milton.Not only was
7、 he for a long period immersed in political controversy and public business,but there are few of his important works which do not become more significant in the light of contemporary events,and in turn help the understanding of these events themselves.It is evidence of this intimate relation,that th
8、e periods into which his life naturally falls coincide with the periods into which English history in the seventeenth century divides itself.The first of these extends from Miltons birth to his return from Italy,and corresponds with that period in the reigns of James I and Charles I during which the
9、 religious and political differences which culminated in the Civil War were working up to a climax.The second ends with his retirement into private life,in 1660,and coincides with the period of the Civil War and the Commonwealth.The third closes with his death in 1674,and falls within the period of
10、the Restoration.John Milton was born in Bread Street,London,on the ninth of December,1608.He was the son of John Milton,a prosperous scrivener(i.e.,attorney and law-stationer),a man of good family and considerable culture,especially devoted to music.In the education of the future poet the elder Milt
11、on was exceptionally generous.From childhood he destined him for the Church,and the preparation begun at home was continued at St.Pauls School and at Cambridge.We have abundant evidence that the boy was from the first a quick and diligent student,and the late study to which he was addicted from chil
12、dhood was the beginning of that injury to his eyes which ended in blindness.He entered Christs College,Cambridge,in 1625,took the degree of B.A.in 1629,and that of M.A.in 1632,when 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 7/599 he left the University after seven years residence.But the deve
13、lopment of affairs in the English Church had overturned his plans,and the interference of Laud with freedom of thought and preaching among the clergy led Milton“to prefer a blameless silence before the sacred office of speaking bought with servitude and forswearing.”So he retired to his fathers hous
14、e at Horton in Buckinghamshire,and devoted the next six years to quiet study and the composition of a few poems.In 1638 Milton set out on a journey to Italy.After some days in Paris,he passed on by way of Nice to Genoa,Leghorn,Pisa,and Florence,in which last city he spent about two months in the soc
15、iety of wits and men of letters.After two months more spent in Rome,he visited Naples,and had intended to cross to Sicily and go thence to Greece,when rumors of civil war in England led him to turn his face homeward,“inasmuch,”he says,“as I thought it base to be traveling at my ease for intellectual
16、 culture while my countrymen at home were fighting for liberty.”His writings produced abroad were all in Italian or Latin,and seem to have brought him considerable distinction among the Italian men of letters whom he met.Yet Milton did not plunge rashly into the political conflict.After he returned
17、from the Continent,the household at Horton was broken up,and he went to London to resume his studies,and decide on the form and subject of his great poem.Part of his time was occupied in teaching his two nephews,and afterward he took under his care a small number of youths,sons of his friends.In 164
18、3 he married Mary Powell,the daughter of an Oxfordshire Royalist.In about a months he left him and remained away for two years,at the end of which time she sought and obtained a reconciliation.She died in 1653 or 1654,leaving him three little daughters.The main occupation of his first years in Londo
19、n was controversy.Liberty was Miltons deepest passion,and in liberty we sum up the theme of his prose writings.There are“three species of liberty,”he says,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 8/599 “which are essential to the happiness of social lifereligious,domestic,and civil,”and for
20、 all three he fought.His most important prose works may,indeed,be roughly classed under these heads:under religious,his pamphlets against Episcopacy;under domestic,his works on Education,Divorce,and the Freedom of the Press;under civil,his controversial writings on the overthrow of the monarchy.In a
21、ll of these he strove for freedom and toleration;and when England became a Republic,he became officially associated with the new government as Secretary of Foreign Tongues,in which capacity he not only conducted its foreign correspondence,but also acted as its literary adviser and champion in the co
22、ntroversies by pamphlet that arose in connection with the execution of the King and the theory of the Commonwealth.It was in the midst of these activities that a great calamity overtook him.The defence of the late King had been undertaken by the famous Dutch Latinist Salmasius in a“Defensio Regis,”a
23、nd to Milton fell the task of replying to it.His eyesight,weakened even in childhood by overstudy,was now failing fast,and he was warned by physicians that it would go altogether if he persisted in this work.But to Milton the fight he had entered on was no mere matter of professional employment as i
24、t was to his opponent,and he deliberately sacrificed what remained to him of light in the service of the cause to which he was devoted.The reply was a most effective one,but it left Milton hopelessly blind.With the aid of an assistant,however,he retained his office through the Protectorate of Cromwe
25、ll,until the eve of the Restoration.Oliver Cromwell died in 1658,his son Richard succeeded him for a short time,and in 1660 Charles II was restored to the throne.To the last Milton fought with tremendous earnestness against this catastrophe.For,to him,it was indeed a catastrophe.The return of the St
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