《新编英语演讲与辩论》课件Chapter 9.pptx
《《新编英语演讲与辩论》课件Chapter 9.pptx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《新编英语演讲与辩论》课件Chapter 9.pptx(23页珍藏版)》请在文库网上搜索。
1、Chapter 9 Refutation and Point of Information目录目录CONTENT01Warm-up Questions02Burden of Refutation and Rejoinder03Refutation Strategies04Presenting the Refutation05Point of Information06ExercisesWarm-up QuestionsBWhat is a rejoinder and what is its function?CWhat strategies can be employed to make a
2、refutation?DWhat are the purposes of point of information(POI)in a debate?EWhen can the debater make a POI to the speaker?AWhat are the purposes and functions of refutation?Burden of Refutation and RejoinderRejoinder is a refutation of arefutation.Eachdebater,afterthePMandLO,bears the burden of rejo
3、inder,whichmeanstheresponsibilitytorespondtothe challenge from the opponent totheir partner.Rejoinder advances theconceptofrefutationonestepfurtheras it requires debaters to synthesizetheir arguments in a systematic way,alwaysreadytoanswernewchallengestoarguments.RejoinderFirst,refutationcanweaken,d
4、estroy,orevenoverthrowanargument;Second,refutation can be used torebuild an argument,that is,torevalidate an argument that has beenrefutedbyotherdebaters.RefutationRefutation Strategies1.Misuse of EvidenceMisuse of EvidenceMissingevidence01Excludedevidence02Beggingthequestion03Strawman04Redherring05
5、9Hastygeneralization10Accident6Adhominenattack7Appealtothepeople8ArgumentfromignoranceFalseanalogy01Falsecause02Posthocergopropterhoc03Confusingcorrelationwithcause04Singlecause05Slipperyslope062.Faulty LinksPresenting the RefutationFirstly,the debater should identify theargumentthatheorsheisgoingto
6、refute.Then,the debater should critique theargumentFinally,the debater should explain thesignificanceofhisorherrefutation.Point of InformationGuidelinesDefinitionThe debater should getthe speakers attentionpolitelyandcourteously.Thedebatershouldwaitto be recognized by thespeaker.Abriefstatementorque
7、stionofferedbyadebatertoapointthenbeingmadebyaspeakeroftheoppositesidewhoisholdingthefloor.The debater offers a Point ofInformationinordertoletthespeakerclarifywhatheorshesays.By offering a POI,the debater willget an opportunity to refute thespeakerdirectly.Thedebatercan“telegraph”hisownstancetothea
8、udienceorjudgewhenhewantstomakeanargument.OfferingaPOIinvolvestheopportunitytoestablishorreestablishthedirectionofthedebate.PurposesExercisesExercise 1:IdentifyingProblematicArgumentsRead the following arguments with logical fallaciesinvolvingevidenceorlink/warrant.Identifythefallacy,discusswithyour
9、partnerandpresentyourdiscussionstotheclass.LookthroughsomepopularadvertisementsonTVorinthe newspapers and find 6 examples of unsoundreasoning.Exercise 2:PresentingaRefutationRefutetheargumentsbelowbyfollowingthethreestepsofpresentingarefutationofferedinthetext,namely,identifying the argument,critiqu
10、ing theargument,and explaining the significance of therefutation.Onehintatapossiblerefutationisgivenafter each argument for your reference instructuring the refutation.Of course,otherrefutationargumentsareencouraged.Identifyingtheargument:_Critiquingtheargument:_Explainingthesignificanceoftherefutat
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 新编英语演讲与辩论 新编英语演讲与辩论课件Chapter 新编 英语演讲 辩论 课件 Chapter