《大学英语翻译教程 第四版》课件第十二单元.ppt
《《大学英语翻译教程 第四版》课件第十二单元.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《大学英语翻译教程 第四版》课件第十二单元.ppt(23页珍藏版)》请在文库网上搜索。
1、翻译技巧翻译技巧(八八)被动语态译法被动语态译法 LOGOv被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的显著特点之一。被动句式在汉语中的使用范围要窄小得多。英语和汉语在语态使用上存在的差异决定了英汉翻译中语态转换的必要性。v对这一点缺乏足够的了解,一概用“被”字句式来译,往往造成译文生涩别扭、有悖于汉语表达习惯。例如:LOGOv(1)So many times Ive been told that something cannot be done.v 原译:很多时候,我被告知,有的事情不能被完成v(2)The secretary was thrown into confusion by the une
2、xpected return of her boss.v 原译:秘书被老板意想不到的归来投入惶惑不安之中。v LOGOv当然,这也并不意味着英语被动语态的汉译中绝对不能出现“被”字。在实际翻译中所遇到的被动语句纷繁多样,不能一概而论。即使是同一个句子在不同的场合可能也有几种不同的译法,而且这些译法均可接受,例如:v(3)All thousands of materials in the world are made up of only these elementsv a.世界上成千上万种物质均由这些元素构成。v b.正是这些元素构成了世界上成千上万种物质。v c.构成宇宙间成千上万种物质的正
3、是这些元素。LOGOv有时,即使是同一个表达方式,在不同的上下文中也可能同样要求采取不同的译法。试比较be said在下面两例中的译法:v(4)Nuclear power plants are said to be under preparation for construction.v据说,核电站正在筹建之中。v As these minute charges move along a wire,that wire is said to carry an electric current.v当这些极其微小的电荷沿着一根导线运动时,我们便说,那根导线是带电的。LOGO 12.112.1顺译法顺
4、译法顺译法顺译法v顺译法也即按原句顺序翻译英语被动句的方法。只要忠实于原义并且符合汉语表达规范,对于某些被动句,尤其是那些突出被动者或被动动作的被动句,经常可以按照原句的语序顺译。v顺译时,原文的主语在译文中仍然充当主语,而原文的谓语则视不同情况予以不同处理。具体而言,顺译法主要将英语被动句译成以下几种汉语句式:LOGOv12.1.1译成汉语的主动句v12.1.2译成汉语的被动句v12.1.3译成“是的”汉语判断句LOGO 12.1.112.1.1译成汉语的主动句译成汉语的主动句v翻译某些被动句时,如果无须指出施事(即动作的发出者),主动意义与被动意义也不致产生歧义,动词动作又不带有不利于受动
5、者(亦称受事)的色彩,那么往往可以按原文语序翻译成主动句,原文的主语仍然充当译文的主语。经常需要采用“受事主语谓语动词”的句式。例如:v(5)Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.v(6)The meeting of the two presidents is scheduled for October 10th.v(7)The atomic particles cannot be accelerated past the velocity of light.v(8)When rust is formed,a chemical chan
6、ge is said to have taken place.v(9)The military base has not been used for 10 years.v(10)The old lady had been stricken with a heart attack earlier in the morning.LOGO12.1.212.1.2译成汉语的被动句译成汉语的被动句v英语被动语态使用范围颇广,但其被动标记却很单一,主要是“be动词的过去分词”及其变化形式。v汉语被动句式使用较少,但其被动标记要繁杂得多。汉语中表达被动意义的语言手段主要包括使用“被”、“受”、“遭”、“让”
7、、“给”、“由”、“把”、“为所”、“加以”、“予以”,等等。v有时,为了突出被动意义,而且某些英语被动句又不宜译成汉语主动句,那就译成带有这类被动标记的被动句式。例如:v(11)He was found to have embezzled company funds.v(12)The heated water is thus cooled as it goes through the radiator.v(13)The novel I had thrown away was chosen by the Book Society.v(14)The finished products must
8、be carefully inspected before delivery.v(15)Last year the region was visited by the worst flood in 100 years.v(16)The old lady was knocked down by a taxi when crossing the street.v(17)The second half of her words was torn away by the wind.v(18)This water is heated by the uranium fuel and is pumped t
9、o a boiler.v(19)For a long period of time,most of Chinas elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.v(20)Two systems of units are commonly used by the scientists.v(21)Problems should be resolved in good time.v(22)The satellite must be carefully inspected before launching.12.1.3译成“是的”
10、汉语判断句v有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作,而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述,其作用与系表结构类似。因此,翻译时经常采用“是的”判断句式。例如:v(23)The avenue is flanked by rows of new buildings.v(24)Iron is extracted from the ore by smelting in the blast furnace.v(25)Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earths crust.v(26)The high voltage section of p
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 大学英语翻译教程 第四版 大学英语翻译教程 第四版课件第十二单元 大学 英语翻译 教程 第四 课件 第十二 单元