《实用任务型学术写作》课件Unit 15 TOEFL.ppt
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1、Unit 15TOFELIn this unit you will learn how to write forTOEFLforTOEFLtesttest TOFEL写作为分析性写作(AnalyticalWriting),分两部分。第一部分为综合写作(IntegratedWriting),20分钟。先花3分钟读一篇学术话题的短文,然后听一篇与该话题相关的课堂讲解,再总结听到的短文中的要点并解释它们是如何与阅读短文中的具体方面相关的。第二部分为独立写作(IndependentWriting),30分钟。根据个人知识和经历,就给出的话题阐述自己的观点。Task Objective综合写作的基本要素
2、包括:1、立论提出论点。总结概述听力材料与阅读材料的论点。2、论证提出论证。运用听力材料与阅读材料中论据进行论证。3、结论总结论证并重述观点。独立写作的基本要素包括:1、立论提出论点。根据材料,鲜明提出自己观点。2、论证结合提出的观点,运用理由与例子充分进行论证。3.结论总结论证并重述观点。Read Sample 1 and answer the questions as briefly as possible.Task Preparation 1Writing typesIntegrated WritingAuthors opinion Supporting details Speakers
3、 view Supporting detailsRead Sample 1 and answer the questions as briefly as possible.Task Preparation 1Writing typesIndependent WritingAuthors opinion Supporting details Conclusion KeyWriting typesIntegrated WritingAuthors opinionInvasive plants harm native plantsSupporting details They are introdu
4、ced to an area through gardening They escape from the garden and grow wild They push out native species,causing devastating effects on the local ecology.Speakers viewGarlic mustard is an invasive species that causes problemsSupporting detailsIt competes with other spring-blooming species.The West Vi
5、rginia white butterfly is threatened by this plant.Garlic mustard was introduced to the United States as a food source.KeyWriting typesIndependent WritingAuthors opinion Heavy exposure to various information is the right way to distinguish right from wrong.Supporting detailsDifferent media have thei
6、r own attributes,people can know the truth.(2)From different sources of news with different viewpoints,people can acquire adequate information.(3)Absorbing information from different sources will avoid the problem of being cheated.Conclusion It is reasonable for audience to get information from vari
7、ous sources.Read Sample 2 and answer the questions.Task Preparation 2Integrated writing:1.What is the thesis statement of the essay?2.What is the opinion of the author?3.What is the opinion of the speaker?Independent writing:4.Does the authors arguments make a cogent case for his opinion?5.How many
8、factors has the writer mentioned that government should spend more money on improving public transportation?6.Whats the most serious problems in modern society according to the passage?1.What is the thesis statement of the essay?2.What is the opinion of the author?Key The author reports that anti-sm
9、oking campaigns for teens have had“significant”success.The author tells us about a particular smoking prevention campaign aimed at young people that has been successful.In contrast,the speaker warns us that initial results of public health campaigns can be misleading.3.What is the opinion of the spe
10、aker?KeyThe speaker warns us that initial results of public health campaigns can be deceptive.4.Does the authors arguments make a cogent case for his opinion?Yes,it does.5.How many factors has the writer mentioned that government should spend more money on improving public transportation?6.Whats the
11、 most serious problems in modern society according to the passage?KeyThe writer has mentioned three factors that government should spend more money on improving public transportation:(1)Cars depend on oil and gasoline,which are nonrenewable resources(2)Cars cause pollution.(3)Cars tend to isolate pe
12、ople from each otherYes,it does.Environmental problems and increased isolation are some of the most serious problems of modern society.Read Sample 3 and judge whether the statements are true or false.Task Preparation 31.The author proposes that a good mood makes shoppers spend more time on shopping.
13、2.Retailers can improve shoppers mood by controlling the store environment.3.Slow music makes customers to stay at a restaurant shorter and order less food.4.People tend to shop longer and speak highly of the products in the store when heard popular and familiar music.TTFTRead Sample 3 and judge whe
14、ther the statements are true or false.Task Preparation 31.Artists and scientists make very different types of contributions to our society,and the contributions of both are valuable.2.Artists make contributions to our spiritual lives,while scientists make contributions to our material lives.3.Scient
15、ists make valuable contributions to society,but society seems to value artists more.4.The author thinks that the artists should get the recognition they deserve.TTFTData Bank Practice these patterns and expressions often used in writing TOEFL test1.1 Patterns and expressions in integrated writing 1.
16、1.1 论点点1)The author explains that understanding learning styles can improve learning and training.The speaker,however,suggests that understanding learning styles does not always provide a solution.2)The author asserts that advances in technology do not always lead to increased productivity.The speak
17、er,in contrast,suggests that investment in technology is paid back in increased productivity.3)The author states that invasive plants harm native plants and the speaker explains that garlic mustard is an invasive species that causes problem.4)The author believes that TV viewing has negative effects
18、on childrens school performance.The speaker on the other hand proposes that TV watching can actually improve school performance.1.1.1 论点点5)The author tells us about particular smoking prevention campaign aimed at young people that has been successful.In contrast the speaker warns us that initial res
19、ults of public health campaigns can be misleading.6)The author proposes that a good mood makes shoppers buy more.Similarly the speaker explains that studies show that music can make consumers spend more time shopping.7)In the passage,doubts are cast on whether the Venetian Marco Polo traveled to Chi
20、na.However,the lecture totally disagrees and questions the doubt in the following three aspects.8)In the lecture,the professor argues that“early retirement”is by no means inevitable,conflicting the main opinion in the reading text that early retirement trend will continue for sure.Doubts is casted o
21、n points in the reading text by points in the lecture in aspects below.1.1.1 论点点9)The lecture do not agree that dinosaurs are cold-blooded,challenging what is stated in the reading text that dinosaurs are warm-blooded animals,like todays mammals and birds.10)In the text,the author worries about the
22、negative aspects on the food supply of the widely use of bio-fuels.However,according to the professor,the saying that the production of bio-fuels brings negative effects on food supply is totally ungrounded and weak.1.1.2 论证1)First of all,the professor thinks that Persian was popular in trade betwee
23、n Asia and Europe in the 13th and 14th century.2)Secondly,according to the lecture,tea was mainly popular in southern China and tea culture wasnt developed in northern China.3)Thirdly,doubting the economic benefit claimed in the passage,the professor provides the fact that salvage logging is actuall
24、y very expensive in a long run.4)Last but not the least,it is true that prescribed fire is expensive to carry out;however,the professor maintain that it is only 1/10 of the cost of fighting fires exclusive the loss of peoples property.1.1.2 论证 5)In addition,even though older workers cant work as fas
25、t as younger co-workers do,it does not mean they have to quit their job thoroughly.They can still take part-time jobs in which they will undoubtedly play important roles.6)There is no denying the fact that mass media have a powerful influence in shaping peoples life.7)Admittedly,it costs an astronom
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