《实用任务型学术写作》课件Unit 9 Literature Review.pptx
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1、Unit NineLiterature ReviewIn this unit you will learn how to write a literature review.文献综述是对某学术领域的文献进行阅读、比较、分析和整理之后,对其学术观点、研究现状和存在问题及发展前景等内容进行归纳和评论,从而阐述自己的见解和研究思路的一种文体。文献综述不是对相关领域学术研究结果的罗列,它要求作者既要对所查阅资料的主要观点进行综合整理,还要根据自己的理解和认识,对综合整理后的文献进行比较深入的和系统的论述,从而提出自己的研究方向和解决问题的路径。文献综述的主要内容:(1)该领域的研究意义。(2)该领域的
2、研究背景和发展脉络。Task Objective(3)目前的研究水平、存在问题及可能的原因。(4)进一步的研究课题、发展方向概况。(5)自己的见解。文献综述的注意事项:(1)搜集文献应尽量全面。(2)注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。(3)引用文献要忠实于文献内容。(4)综述篇幅不可太长。(5)不可堆砌引文而缺少分析和概括。Fill in the following table using a key sentence.Task Preparation 1Review TopicReview BackgroundReview SummaryReview ObjectiveMany theo
3、ries have been proposed to explain what motivates human behavior.Although the literature covers a wide variety of such theories,this review will focus on five major themes which emerge repeatedly throughout theliterature reviewed.These themes are:incorporation of the self-concept into traditional th
4、eories of motivation,the influence of rewards on motivation,the increasing importance of internal forces of motivation,autonomy and self-control as sources ofmotivation,and narcissism as an essential component of motivation.Although the literature represents these themes in a variety of contexts,thi
5、spaper will primarily focus on their application to self-motivation.KeyKeyRead Sample 2 and answer the questions.Task Preparation 21.What is the topic of the review?2.What is the significance of the review?3.What is the background of the research?KeyUntil recently,estradiol,the primary hormone secre
6、ted by the ovary,has been thought to predominantly influence reproductive functions.It is now known that this pleiotropic hormone has profound effects on plasticity in the developing and adult brain.Recent clinical studies demonstrate that estradiol replacement in postmenopausal women ameliorate cog
7、nitive dysfunction and decreases the incidence and rate of neurodegeneration associated with diseases such as Alzheimer disease.4.What are the conflicting research outcomes that lead to the gap,therefore directly tothe research question?5.What is the goal of the review?Although in vitro studies clea
8、rly demonstrate that estradiol is neurotrophic factor that increases neuronal survival,induces neurite outgrowth,and increases spine densities,few studies have examined this role in in vivo models of brain injury.Reports have been contradictory.This study determined whether physiologically relevant
9、levels of estradiol protect against brain injury and if pretreatment is necessary to exert these effects.Read Sample 3 and judge whether the statements are true or false.Task Preparation 31.Morand and Ohayon introduced some numerical methods in modeling the linear vibrations of elastic structures co
10、upled with external fluids.()2.According to the applications in Ocean Engineering,Dowell and Hall offered us an in-depth discussion of nonlinear dynamical modeling of FSI problems.()3.The significance of the multidisciplinary cooperation will be debated in this article to improve the research level
11、of FSI.()4.This article will only focus on reviewing the solution procedures of the immersed method-based non-conforming mesh methods.()5.The purpose of this review is to integrate the methods mentioned and recognize the critical features to form an efficient and accurate algorithm to solve the nume
12、rical problems of FSI.()FTTTFData Bank Practice these patterns and expressions often used in writing a literature review.1.1 研究主研究主题:一般一般现在在时(多用),(多用),现在完成在完成时,如:,如:1)Out-of-class language learning is defined as any language learning activities that are performed outside the class,be it for the sake
13、 of learning the language itself or for pure pleasure.2)The increasing popularity and wide availability of World Wide Web technologies provide the researcher with vehicles for improving research methods.3)It can be argued that because of the diversity of sources of literature encompassed by the mana
14、gement disciplines,there is a growing need for a systematic methodology to map the territory of management theory.4)Service quality can be defined as a customers perception of the overall superiority of an organizations excellence in providing service.5)The idea that institutions within the organic
15、sector operate according to a decidedly different logic than do conventional agribusinesses can be situated within the century old“agrarian question”which attempts to understand how specific economic and ecological structures of agrarian production confound capitals penetration,defined as a wage lab
16、or at the site of production.6)To propose a relationship between language and the motor system is certainly not a novel idea.Theories about the gestural origin of language can be traced back to the writings in the eighteenth century.7)With the increasing presence of policy networks and geographical
17、and conceptual border crossing of policy elites,efforts to globalize educational institutions have meant that something of a common discourse has become apparent in educational policy.8)Since the latter part of the twentieth century,we are experiencing a duality:on the one hand the way policy is mad
18、e is highly contextualized and its implementation even more context-dependent,on the other,policy travels globally,widespread and profound.1.2 研究意研究意义:一般一般现在在时、现在完成在完成时,如:,如:1)This very question has sparked debate between the scientific community and many conservationists.2)Actually,it seems that th
19、is concept would not lose its attractiveness in all fields yet and will be able to continue to attract many researchers in the next several years.3)Perhaps,more than ever before,because of these and other reform and policy movements,there is now an emerging clarity of thinking and consensus of thoug
20、ht about the nature of teaching and learning and the function and purpose of schools in this country.4)Maintaining this focus helps to ensure that social exclusion theories and policies do not fall solely back on deficit theories focused on the pathology of individual or groups of individuals.5)Lear
21、ning Design provides a first glimpse at the ways of describing multi-learner activity sequences and the tools required to support these.6)The coherence found in teachers practices and beliefs has implications for teacher intervention programs.It suggested that efforts to change practices cannot be p
22、iecemeal and require attention to teachers basic beliefs about what is important.1.3 研究背景研究背景:多用一般多用一般过去去时(常用被(常用被动语态),),现在完成在完成时,一般一般现在在时,如:,如:1)Most of the sources I have used in my research have supported the idea of using cloning to rebuild animal populations or at least obtain viable DNA from e
23、ndangered animals.2)Over the past several years,there have been a variety of debates in the literature in consideration of service quality conceptualization and measurement.3)After that these authors developed an instrument called SERVQUAL that has been the most widely used tool in measuring custome
24、rs perception of service quality.4)Numerous researches conducted the five dimension model in different sectors in different countries that some researches confirmed the five dimension model but some others failed.5)By undertaking an SLR approach rather than“ad hoc”approaches to literature constructi
25、on,development and presentation,there is a defense that critical literature may be identified alongside other materials relevant to the study.6)The new agrarian literature has elaborated on De Janvrys presentation of the classics by analyzing reality as a continual process taking place on multiple l
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