《实用任务型学术写作》课件Unit 16 GRE.ppt
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1、Unit SixteenGREIn this unit you will learn how to write for GRE tests s.GRE写作的分析性写作(AnalyticalWriting)分两部分。第一部分为观点题(issuetask),内容通常是对于社会、科学、历史、哲学、政治等方面的观点进行评论;第二部分为回应题(argumenttask),内容通常是对给定情景中推理的驳斥。观点题的基本要素包括:1.立论:提出论点。总结作者的观点,某种程度肯定该观点,并指出该观点的片面性。2.论证:提出论证。结合作者的观点,表达自己的观点并给出理由和例子进行论证。3.结论:总结论证并重述观
2、点。回应题的基本要素包括:4.立论:找出逻辑错误,归纳论点;判断逻辑推理过程中的隐含假设;概括论据中的他因。5.论证:论证具体的他因及反例;加条件讨论;提出改进方案,攻击逻辑错误。6.结论:通过论证说明作者的论点漏洞,指出其在作出结论前需考虑其他情况。Task Objective观点题有短有长,没有具体字数限制,注重的是观点、逻辑和语言。短的有400字左右,长的有600字左右,通常在550字左右,高分作品平均在660字左右。一般分为4段来写。回应题也没有具体字数限制,同样注重的是观点、逻辑和语言。短的有400字左右,长的有500字左右,通常在450字左右,高分作品平均在600字左右。一般分为5
3、段来写。Read Sample 1 and Fillinthefollowingtableusingonekeysentence.Task Preparation 1Writing typesIssueArgumentAuthors opinion Writers view Conclusion KeyWriting typesIssueArgumentAuthors opinionTechnology cannot change the condition of humanity.It makes financial sense for employers to make the workp
4、lace safer.Writers viewThe authors opinion appears to be an incorrect statement.There are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument.Conclusion We should not ignore the obvious tremendous advances that have been made over the past one hundred years by the human race in a nar
5、row sense.Financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces.Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment(i.e.,coal mine)Read Sample 2 and answer the questions.Task Preparat
6、ion 21.Issue:1.What is the issue of the essay?2.What is the opinion of the author?3.What is the conclusion of the essay?Argument:4.Does this authors argument make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use?5.How many other factors has the writer mentioned that government may decide to
7、invest in improving riverside recreational facilities?What are they?6.Is there a concrete connection between the residents lack of river use and the rivers current state?Issue:1.What is the issue of the essay?2.What is the opinion of the author?3.What is the conclusion of the essay?Key Education cho
8、ice between contemporary cultural courses and past ones.Colleges and universities should offer more contemporary cultural courses,because they have much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.A properly educated university student must find a balance between studying
9、contemporary culture without neglecting the study of arts and literature of the past.Argument:1.Does this authors argument make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use?2.How many other factors has the writer mentioned that government may decide to invest in improving riverside recre
10、ational facilities?What are they?3.Is there a concrete connection between the residents lack of river use and the rivers current state?No,it does not.The writer has mentioned three factors that may decide to invest in improving riverside recreational facilities.They are the scope and validity of tha
11、t survey,uncertain complaints from a wide range of people,or perhaps from one or two individuals who made numerous complaints and the real reason caused the strong smell of the river.There is no concrete connection between the residents lack of river use and the rivers current state.Read Sample 3 an
12、d judge whether the statements are true or false(1-5forissues,6-10for(1-5forissues,6-10forarguments)arguments).Task Preparation 31.People work more productively in teams rather than as individual is going to vary greatly only because of the types of teams that are organized and the end reward or mot
13、ivation for both the team.()2.“Type A”personalities refer to people who are born with the desire to succeed,no matter what the situation or task that they are facing.()3.People who are highly motivated by social interaction and the desire to work with others towards a collective effort will be most
14、effective when working as part of a team.()4.One persons performance inside of a team will be productive with respect to the entire team,whether how the performance is rewarded.()FTFTTask Preparation 35.From a pure productivity standpoint,the presence or absence of a charismatic and exceptional lead
15、er can make no differences whether a person would be more productive as a part of a team or as an individual.()6.The decision to restore the time devoted to weather and local news to its former level is one that should be made with more careful consideration of evidence,and viewer/client feedback by
16、 the business manager of this television station.()7.Many assumptions have been made on the business managers part about the exact cause of the problems with the program.()FFTTask Preparation 38.The memorandum stated that more complaints received from viewers were concerned with the stations coverag
17、e of weather and local news,but it did not state the nature of the complaints.()9.Sometimes it is the personalities and the chemistry of the business manager that govern peoples decisions about which stations news they watch.()10.The station cannot expect to go back to the programming it once had an
18、d be successful.()TFTData Bank Practice these patterns and expressions often used in GRE writing.1.1 Patterns and expressions in issues1.1.1论论点点1)The speaker claims that society should make efforts to save endangered species only caused by human activities.I agreed with the speaker insofar as saving
19、 endangered species is the responsibility of human beings.2)The arguer asserts that most people choose a career not on the basis of his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work but only on pragmatic considerations.As far as I am concerned,I concede that there are quite a few o
20、f people choose a career on pragmatic consideration in this pragmatic world.However,there are still so many individuals choose a career based on their natural talents and interest.3)The optimal approach,in my view,is a balanced one that imposes a basic curriculum yet leaves the rest up to each state
21、 or community.4)I fundamentally agree with the speaker that the real“truly educated”should be based on the learning a wide scope of knowledge.However,close scrutiny reveals that overstate either the importance of the professional knowledge or the information outside will lead into jeopardized situat
22、ion.5)Admittedly,fundamental knowledge,social skills and moral education should be instilled in every school before university.6)It is true that the general welfare of its all people is a reliable indicator of a great nation.7)On the other hand,however,the achievements of its rulers,artists and scie
23、ntists are of equal importance,which by their way bring the aim of welfare of its people into fruition.8)I concede that undue discord can impede/hamper learning.Otherwise,in my view,we learn far from discourse and debate with those ideas we oppose than from people whose ideas are in accord with our
24、own.9)In this statement,the arguer actually has a dual claim.First,no matter in which profession,those in power should step down after five years.Second,revitalization through new leadership is the surest way to success for any enterprise.10)The discussion of this statement turns on what meant by“li
25、ttle real progress”from the first sentence.1.1.2 论证 1)First of all,the phrase“little real progress”from the first sentence must be defined.Secondly,the phrase“the overall condition of humanity”and“the condition of humanity”must be defined.2)Secondly and most obviously,the compounds were only tested
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